Behavior Analysis of Cold Expanded-Bolt Clamped AL2024-T3 Plate
الموضوعات :M. Sayah Badkhor 1 , A. R. Naddaf Oskouei* 2 , H. Mohammadi Hooyeh 3 , F. Shirbakht 4
1 - Department of Engineering,
University of Eyvanekey, Iran
2 - Department of Engineering,
University of Eyvanekey, Iran
3 - Department of Engineering,
University of Eyvanekey, Iran
4 - Department of Engineering,
University of Eyvanekey, Iran
الکلمات المفتاحية: Al2024-T3, Bolt clamping, Finite element software, Fatigue Life, Cold expansion,
ملخص المقالة :
For making rivet and bolt connections, making a hole is necessary. While basic S-N graph can be extracted from design documents, analysis of stress can be used for two different approaches. The first approach is the theoretical derivation of analytical relations with simplified assumptions like planar stress or uniform bolt load distribution. The other one is the numerical simulation using robust codes like Abaqus software. By using these two approaches, residual stress distribution around the hole can be extracted in various conditions. In this experiment, an aluminium 2024-T3 plate with 3.2 mm thickness is considered. The stress analysis results and basic S-N graph were combined and discursive S-N graphs were obtained for different cold-expanded bolted holes. These graphs were compared with experimental data in several steps. First, the bolt fastening was considered. In the second step, cold expansion was considered and in the final step, the effects of fastening bolts and nuts and cold expansion was considered simultaneously. At last, a comparison between various steps was drawn. The results of this study showed that this new analytical method on distribution of residual stresses around cold expansion holes is as effectiveness as old methods.
[1] Ball, D. L., Lowry, D. R., “Experimental Investigation on the Effects of Cold Expansion of Fastener Holes”, Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, Vol. 21, 1998, pp. 17-34.
[2] Chakherlou, T. N., Vogwell, J., “The Effect of Cold Expansion on Improving the Fatigue Life of Fastener Holes”, Engineering Failure Analysis, Vol. 10, 2003, pp. 13-24.
[3] Zhang, Y., Fitzpatrick, M. E., and Edwards, L., “Analysis of the Residual Stress around a Cold-expanded Fastener Hole in a Finite Plate”, Strain, Vol. 41, 2005, pp. 59-70.
[4] Nadai, A., “Theory of the Expanding of Boiler and Condenser Tube Joints Through Rolling”, Trans. ASME, Vol. 65, 1943, pp. 865-880.
[5] Hsu, Y. C., Forman, R. G., “Elastic-Plastic Analysis of an Infinite Sheet Having a Circular Hole Under Pressure”, Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol. 42, 1975, pp. 347-352.
[6] Rich, D., Impellizzeri, L., “Fatigue Analysis of cold-Worked and Interference Fit Fastener Holes”, Cyclic Stress-strain and Plastic Deformation Aspects of Fatigue Crack Growth, ASTM International, 1977.
[7] Guo, W., “Elastic-Plastic Analysis of a Finite Sheet with a Cold-Worked Hole”, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, Vol. 46, 1993, pp. 465-472.
[8] Chakherlou, T. N., Shakouri, M., Akbari, A., and Aghdam, A. B., “Effect of Cold Expansion and Bolt Clamping on Fretting Fatigue Behavior of Al 2024-T3 in Double Shear Lap Joints”, Engineering Failure Analysis, Vol. 25, 2012, pp. 29-41.
[9] Naddaf, O. A., Elhami, M. R., and Karami, F. I., “Analytical Investigation of Rupture Phenomena in Sheet Hydro-forming Process by Hemispherical Punch”, International Journal of Advanced Design and Manufacturing Technology, Vol 7, No 3, 2014, pp 37-43.
[10] Gao, X-L., “Strain Gradient Plasticity Solution for an Internally Pressurized Thick-walled Spherical Shell of an Elastic–plastic Material”, Mechanics Research Communications 30, Vol. 5, 2003, pp. 411-420.
[11] Mendelson, A., “Plasticity theory and application”, The Macmillan Company, New York, 1968, Chaps. 7.
[12] Gao, X. L., “An Exact Elasto-Plastic Solution for an Open-Ended Thick-Walled Cylinder of a Strain-Hardening Material”, International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, Vol. 52, 1992, pp. 129-144.
[13] Gao, X. L., “Analytical Solution of a Borehole Problem Using Strain Gradient Plasticity”, Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, Vol. 124, 2002, pp. 365-370.
[14] Gao, X. L., Rowlands, R. E., “Analytical Solution for the Plane Strain Inclusion Problem of an Elastic Power-Law Hardening Matrix Containing an Elastic Cylindrical Inclusion”, International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, Vol. 76, 1999, pp. 291-297.
[15] Budynas, R., Nisbett, J., “Mechanical Engineering Design”, Eighth ed., McGraw-Hill Primis, New York, 2006, Chaps. 3.
[16] O'Brien, E. W., “Beneficial Residual Stress from the Cold Expansion of Large Holes in Thick Light Alloy Plate”, The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design, Vol. 35, 2000, pp. 261-276.
[17] Stephens, R. I., Fatemi, A., Stephens, R. R., and Fuchs, H. O., “Metal Fatigue in Engineering”, 2nd ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2000, Chaps. 10.
[18] Tamarin, Y., “Atlas of Stress Strain Curves”, Second ed., ASM International, 2002, pp 319-331-332.
