Multi-Objective Optimization of the Stamping of Titanium Bipolar Plates for Fuel Cell
الموضوعات :Vahid Modanloo 1 , Vali Alimirzaloo 2 , Majid Elyasi 3
1 - Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Urmia University, Iran
2 - Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Urmia University, Iran
3 - Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Iran
الکلمات المفتاحية: Ranking, TOPSIS, VIKOR, Weighting, Titanium Bipolar Plates,
ملخص المقالة :
High demands of quality development in the industry especially automotive, necessitates multi-objective optimization of the manufacturing processes. Fuel cells are one of the most important sources of renewable energies that Bipolar Plates (BPPs) are their main components. Metallic BPPs are known as a suitable replacement of the graphite plates due to their lower weight and cost. Accordingly, this study employs Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods to determine the best forming condition in the stamping of titanium BPP. In the first step, the process is analyzed using the Finite Element (FE) simulation. Afterward, validation of the FE model is confirmed by performing the experiments using titanium ultra-thin sheet with a thickness of 0.1 mm. Subsequently, a set of tests with 15 experiments are assumed to be as alternatives. In addition, filling ratio, thinning ratio and forming load are considered as different criteria. In order to select the optimum condition considering three mentioned responses simultaneously, TOPSIS and VIKOR methods are applied. In addition, a weighting procedure combining AHP and Entropy approaches is used. Based on the weighting results, the highest and lowest weights were obtained for filling ratio (0.5398) and forming load (0.1632), respectively. Likewise, a Spearman’s rank equal to 0.9357 was obtained that demonstrates high compatibility between TOPSIS and VIKOR methods. Overall, the best (optimum) forming condition has obtained an experiment with a clearance of 0.2 mm, the speed of 3.5 mm/s, and friction coefficient as 0.2.
[1] Taherian, R., A Review of Composite and Metallic Bipolar Plates in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell: Materials, Fabrication, and Material Selection, Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 265, 2014, pp. 370-90, 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.04.081.
[2] Kolahdooz, R., Asghari, S., Rashid-Nadimi, S., and Amirfazli, A., Integration of Finite Element Analysis and Design of Experiment for the Investigation of Critical Factors in Rubber Pad Forming Of Metallic Bipolar Plates for PEM Fuel Cells, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 42, No. 1, 2017, pp. 575-589, 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.11.020.
[3] Belali-Owsia, M., Bakhshi-Jooybari, M., Hosseinipour, S. J., and Gorji, A. H., A New Process of Forming Metallic Bipolar Plates for PEM Fuel Cell with Pin-Type Pattern, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 77, No. 5-8, 2015, pp. 1281-1293, 10.1007/s00170-014-6563-3.
[4] Bong, H. J., Lee, J., Kim, J. H., Barlat, F., and Lee, M. G., Two-Stage Forming Approach for Manufacturing Ferritic Stainless Steel Bipolar Plates in Pem Fuel Cell: Experiments and Numerical Simulations, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 42, No. 10, 2017, pp. 6965-6977, 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.12.094.
[5] Peng, L., Yi, P., and Lai, X., Design and Manufacturing of Stainless Steel Bipolar Plates for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 39, No. 36, 2014, pp. 21127-21153, 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.08.113.
[6] Ozturk, F., Ece, R. E., Polat, N., Koksal, A., Evis, Z., and Polat, A., Mechanical and Microstructural Evaluations of Hot Formed Titanium Sheets by Electrical Resistance Heating Process, Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 578, 2013, pp. 207-214, 10.1016/j.msea.2013.04.079.
[7] Badr, O. M., Rolfe, B., Hodgson, P., and Weiss, M., Forming of High Strength Titanium Sheet at Room Temperature, Materials & Design, Vol. 66, 2015, pp. 618-626, 10.1016/j.matdes.2014.03.008.
[8] Maati, A., Tabourot, L., Balland, P., Ouakdi, E. H., Vautrot, M., and Ksiksi, N., Constitutive Modeling Effect on the Numerical Prediction of Springback Due To a Stretch-Bending Test Applied on Titanium T40 Alloy, Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 15, No. 4, 2015, pp. 836-846, 10.1016/j.acme.2015.05.009.
[9] Dur, E., Cora, Ö. N., and Koç, M., Effect of Manufacturing Process Sequence on the Corrosion Resistance Characteristics of Coated Metallic Bipolar Plates, Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 246, 2014, pp. 788-799, 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.08.036.
[10] Koo, J. Y., Jeon, Y. P., and Kang, C. G., Effect of Stamping Load Variation on Deformation Behavior of Stainless Steel Thin Plate with Microchannel, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, Vol. 227, No. 8, 2013, pp. 1121-1128, 10.1177/0954405412462673.
[11] Jin, C. K., Koo, J. Y., and Kang, C. G., Fabrication of Stainless Steel Bipolar Plates for Fuel Cells Using Dynamic Loads for the Stamping Process and Performance Evaluation of a Single Cell, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 39, No. 36, 2014, pp. 21461-21469, 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.04.103.
[12] Alimirzaloo, V., Modanloo, V., Minimization of the Sheet Thinning in Hydraulic Deep Drawing Process Using Response Surface Methodology and Finite Element Method, International Journal of Engineering (IJE), Transactions B: Applications, Vol. 29, No. 2, 2016, pp. 264-273, 10.5829/idosi.ije.2016.29.02b.16.
[13] Moradi, M., Golchin, E., Investigation on the Effects of Process Parameters on Laser Percussion Drilling Using Finite Element Methodology; Statistical Modelling and Optimization, Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures, Vol. 14, No. 3, 2017, pp. 464-484, 10.1590/1679-78253247.
[14] Moradi, M., Ghoreishi, M., and Rahmani, A., Numerical and Experimental Study of Geometrical Dimensions on Laser-TIG Hybrid Welding of Stainless Steel 1.4418, Journal of Modern Processes in Manufacturing and Production, Vol. 5, No. 2, 2016, pp. 21-31.
[15] Moradi, M., KaramiMoghadam, M., High Power Diode Laser Surface Hardening of AISI 4130; Statistical Modelling and Optimization, Optics & Laser Technology, Vol. 111, 2019, pp. 554-570, 10.1016/j.optlastec.2018.10.043.
[16] Vahdati, M., Mahdavinejad, R. A., Amini, S., and Moradi, M., Statistical Analysis and Optimization of Factors Affecting The Surface Roughness in the UVaSPIF Process Using Response Surface Methodology, Journal of Advanced Materials and Processing, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2015, 15-28.
[17] Patel, J. D., Maniya, K. D., Application of AHP/MOORA Method to Select Wire Cut Electrical Discharge Machining Process Parameter to Cut En31 Alloys Steel with Brasswire, Materials Today: Proceedings, Vol. 2, No. (4-5), 2015, pp. 2496-2503, 10.1016/j.matpr.2015.07.193.
[18] Bhattacharjee, P., Debnath, A., Chakraborty, S., and Mandal, U. K., Selection of Optimal Aluminum Alloy Using Topsis Method Under Fuzzy Environment, Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, Vol. 32, No, 1, 2017, pp. 871-876, 10.3233/JIFS-161049.
[19] Mousavi-Nasab, S. H., Sotoudeh-Anvari, A., A Comprehensive MCDM-based approach using TOPSIS, COPRAS and DEA as an Auxiliary Tool for Material Selection Problems, Materials & Design, Vol. 121, 2017, pp. 237-253, 10.1016/j.matdes.2017.02.041.
[20] Yazdani, M., Payam, A. F., A Comparative Study on Material Selection of Microelectromechanical Systems Electrostatic Actuators Using Ashby, VIKOR and TOPSIS, Materials & Design, Vol. 65, pp. 328-334, 10.1016/j.matdes.2014.09.004.
[21] Govindan, K., Shankar, K. M., and Kannan, D., Sustainable Material Selection for Construction Industry-A Hybrid Multi Criteria Decision Making Approach, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 55, 2016, pp. 1274-1288, 10.1016/j.rser.2015.07.100.
[22] Elyasi, M., Khatir, F. A., and Hosseinzadeh, M., Manufacturing Metallic Bipolar Plate Fuel Cells Through Rubber PAD Forming Process, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 89, No. (9-12), 2017, pp. 3257-3269, 10.1007/s00170-016-9297-6.
[23] Chu, J., Su, Y., The Application of TOPSIS Method in Selecting Fixed Seismic Shelter for Evacuation in Cities, Systems Engineering Procedia, Vol. 3, 2012, pp. 391-397, 10.1016/j.sepro.2011.10.061.
[24] Singh, T., Patnaik, A., Chauhan, R., and Chauhan, P., Selection of Brake Friction Materials Using Hybrid Analytical Hierarchy Process and Vise Kriterijumska Optimizacija Kompromisno Resenje Approach, Polymer Composites, Vol. 39, No. 5, 2018, pp. 1655-1662, 10.1002/pc.24113.
[25] Moradian, M., Modanloo, V., and Aghaiee, S., Comparative Analysis of Multi Criteria Decision Making Techniques for Material Selection of Brake Booster Valve Body, Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition). DOI: 10.1016/j.jtte.2018.02.001.
[26] Biswas, P., Pramanik, S., and Giri, B. C., TOPSIS Method for Multi-Attribute Group Decision-Making Under Single-Valued Neutrosophic Environment, Neural computing and Applications, Vol. 27, No. 3, 2016, pp. 727-737, 10.1007/s00521-015-1891-2.
[27] Çalışkan, H., Kurşuncu, B., Kurbanoğlu, C., and Güven, Ş. Y., Material Selection for the Tool Holder Working Under Hard Milling Conditions Using Different Multi Criteria Decision Making Methods, Materials & Design, Vol. 45, 2013, pp. 473-479, 10.1016/j.matdes.2012.09.042.
[28] Chatterjee, P., Athawale, V. M., and Chakraborty, S., Selection of Industrial Robots Using Compromise Ranking and Outranking Methods, Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Vol. 26, No. 5, pp. 483-489, 10.1016/j.rcim.2010.03.007.
