مقایسه درون‌مایه رستگاری موجود در داستان زندگی الکلی‌های موفق و ناموفق در ترک الکل
الموضوعات :
1 - گروه روان‌شناسی، واحد بویین‌زهرا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بویین‌زهرا، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: داستان زندگی, رستگاری, اعتیاد به الکل, ترک اعتیاد, الکلی‌ها,
ملخص المقالة :
هدف این پژوهش، پاسخ به این پرسش است که آیا وجود درون‌مایه رستگاری در داستان‌های زندگی (این‌که فرد تجربه‌های ناخوشایند زندگی خود را باعث‌وبانی تحولات مثبت در شخصیت خود بداند) در الکلی‌های موفق و ناموفق در ترک الکل متفاوت هست یا خیر. جامعه آماری این پژوهش، همه الکلی‌های شهر مشهد در سال ۹۲ (حدود سه هزار نفر) بود و 127 نفر با روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس گزینش شدند. ابزار اصلی پژوهش، داستان زندگی آزمودنی‌ها بود. متغیرهای کنترل نیز با نسخه بازبینی‌شده آزمون نگاه به زندگی (اسکایر، کارور و بریجز، 1994)، خرده مقیاس احساسات افسرده از مقیاس افسردگی مرکز پژوهش‌های همه‌گیر شناختی (ردلاف، 1977)، آزمون زمان‌بندی هیجان‌های مثبت و منفی (واتسن، کلارک و تلیجن، 1988)، زیرمقیاس اضطراب را از پرسشنامه کوتاه نشانه‌ها (دیراگتیس، 1975)، زیرمقیاس‌های توانایی و کوشش از مقیاس علّیت چند بُعدی-چند اِسنادی (لفکورت، وان بیایر، ویر و کاکس، 1979)، مقیاس وابستگی به الکل (اسکینر و آلن، 1992)، مقیاس شرکت در الکلی‌های گمنام (تونیگن، کانرس و میلر، 1996)، مقیاس پنج ماده‌ای سلامت عمومی از نسخه کوتاه زمینه‌یابی سلامت (ویر و شربورن، 1992)، اندازه‌گیری شدند. با روش علی-مقایسه‌ای، زندگی- داستان الکلی‌هایی که 4 سال و بیشتر، از الکل پرهیز کرده‌اند (در ترک الکل موفق بودند) با زندگی- داستان الکلی‌هایی که 6 ماه یا کمتر، از الکل پرهیز کرده بودند (در ترک الکل ناموفق بودند) مقایسه شد. برای تحلیل داده‌ها از آزمون‌های 2c، rpb و F استفاده شد. نتیجه نشان داد که الکلی‌های موفق در ترک الکل به گونه‌ای معنادار بیشتر از الکلی‌های ناموفق در ترک الکل به این نکته اشاره کرده بودند که تجربه تلخ آخرین بار مصرف الکل باعث رستگاری آنها (تحولات مثبت در شخصیت آنها) شده است (001/0>p < /span>). این تفاوت حتی پس از کنترل آماری متغیرهای نامربوط (صفات شخصیت، شدت وابستگی به الکل، میزان شرکت در برنامه ترک، سلامت جسمی و روانی و سایر درون‌مایه‌های داستان زندگی) همچنان معنادار باقی ماند (04/0=p < /span>). این پژوهش، برای اولین بار در ایران ثابت کرد که ادراک رویدادهای ناخوشایند زندگی به عنوان عواملی که به تغییرات مثبت در فرد کمک کرده‌اند، می‌تواند به ترک اعتیاد کمک کند.
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