تأثیر استرس القایی بر میزان خطای حافظه فعال دیداری نسبت به محرک‌های هیجانی ـ غیرهیجانی
الموضوعات :زهرا خیر 1 , وحید نجاتی 2 , جلیل فتح آبادی 3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی روان‌شناسی دانشگاه اصفهان
2 - دانشیار دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
3 - دانشیار دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
الکلمات المفتاحية: محرک‌های هیجانی و غیرهیجانی, میزان خطا, حافظه فعال دیداری, استرس,
ملخص المقالة :
هدف این پژوهش، بررسی اثر استرس بر میزان خطای حافظه فعال دیداری محرک‌های هیجانی و غیرهیجانی بود. این پژوهش از نوع آزمایشی با طرح پس‌آزمون ـ گروه کنترل بود. 60 دانشجو با روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند و براساس گمارش تصادفی در یکی ازگروههای آزمایش یا کنترل قرار گرفتند. فرایند القای استرس به کمک آزمون ارزیابی اجتماعی فشارزای آب سرد (SCPT) صورت پذیرفت و بلافاصله میزان فشارادراک شده براساس یک مقیاس 100 درجه‌ای اندازه‌گیری وشاخص‌های فیزیولوژیک آزمودنی ثبت گردید. سپس ازآزمون (n-back) (کریشنر، 1958) برای ارزیابی حافظه فعال دیداری استفاده شد. در نهایت میزان تلاش ذهنی در مقیاسی دیگر (زیجلسترا، 1993) ثبت گردید. شرکت‌کنندگان به شیوه درون‌گروهی مراحل فوق را تکمیل کردند. داده‌ها با استفاده از آزمون t همبسته و تحلیل واریانس دوراهه مختلط تحلیل شد. براساس یافته‌ها، میزان خطای حذف برای محرک‌های هیجانی بیشتر از محرک‌های غیرهیجانی و انتخاب اشتباه محرک‌های منفی (01/0P= ) بیشتر از انتخاب اشتباه محرک‌های مثبت (001/0P= ) بود. میزان خطای حذف در مردان (10M=) بیشتر از زنان (23/9M=) بود. به نظر می‌رسد که عملکرد حافظه فعال دیداری تحت استرس به‌ویژه در محرک‌های منفی همانند حالت عادی نیست. به‌طور کلی، استرس با ایجاد اختلال در عملکرد حافظه فعال دیداری منجر به افزایش میزان خطا در تکلیف یادآوری محرک ارایه شده می‌گردد.
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