Does Integrating Augmented Reality App into Task-based Reading Instruction Pay?
الموضوعات : Research in English Language PedagogyMahan Attar 1 , Valiollah Yousefi 2
1 - Department of English Language Teaching, Farhangian University, P.O. Box 14665-889, Tehran, Iran.
2 - Department of English Language Teaching, Farhangian University, P.O. Box 14665-889, Tehran, Iran.
الکلمات المفتاحية: school students, Augmented Reality, English Language, reading comprehension, Task-based Instruction,
ملخص المقالة :
Considering the significant role of innovated technology in learning processes, the present study focuses on the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in students’ reading skills. Practitioners have started to use AR in different areas of language learning though a few studies examined the use of AR in reading skills. To this end, the present study explored the effect of integrated AR app into learners’ task-based reading instruction (TBRI). Using Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) diagnostic test, 30 homogeneous senior high school students were selected, randomly divided in two groups of 15 each in Hamedan, Iran. Adopting the pre-test-post-test design with a control group, all participants were given a pretest including 5 sections and 30 items. The validity of questions was confirmed by 12 TEFL specialists, and their reliability coefficient was also confirmed using Cronbach's alpha test. During an academic term-long instruction of reading, the experimental group was taught using integrated AR app, iStormAR, into task-based instruction while the control group underwent task-based instruction with no AR app. Following the treatment, both groups took a previously validated post-test including 5 sections and 30 items. After collecting the data, the results were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The findings emphasized the effectiveness of learning affordances of integrated AR app into TBRI, specifically in finding main idea questions, requiring that syllabus writers, material developers, and teachers consider the prominent potentials of AR technology for the development of students’ English language.
Al-Azawi, R., Albadi, A., Moghaddas, R., Westlake, J. (2019). Exploring the potential of Using augmented reality and virtual reality for stem education. In: Uden, L., Liberona, D., Sanchez, G., Rodríguez-González, S. (eds) Learning technology for education challenges. ltec 2019. Communications in computer and information science, Vol 1011. Springer, Cham.
Alsowat, H. H. (2017). Breaking down the classroom walls: Augmented reality effect on EFL reading comprehension, self-efficacy, autonomy and attitudes. Studies in English Language Teaching, 5(1), 1–23.
Azuma, R., Baillot, Y., Behringer, R., Feiner, S., Julier, S., & MacIntyre, B. (2001). Recent advances in augmented reality. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 21, 34-47.
Bagheri, M. A., Rostami A. A., & Afraz, H. (2020). The effect of task-based language teaching on Iranian EFL learners’ reading comprehension ability (teachers’ perception in focus). Journal of Foreign Language Research, 9(4), 1105-1130.
Burden, K., & Kearney, M. (2016). Conceptualizing authentic mobile learning. In D.
Churchill, J. Lu, Th. K. F. Chiu, & B. Fox (Eds.), Mobile learning design (pp. 27–42). Springer.
Bursali, P. H & Yilmaz, R. M. (2019). Effect of augmented reality applications on secondary school students' reading comprehension and learning permanency. Computers in Human Behavior, 95, 126-135.
Carmigniani, J., & Furht, B. (2011). Augmented reality: An overview. In B. Furht (Ed.). Handbook of augmented reality, (pp. 3-16), Springer Science Business Media.
Chen, Ch.,Yan Wang,X, Chen,J., Liu,Q., Shen. L. P. (2022). An active security system based on AR smart classes and face recognition technology. Journal of Internet Technology, 23(2), 245-253.
Dempo, A., Kimura, T., Shinohara, K. (2022), Perceptual and cognitive processes in augmented reality: comparison between binocular and monocular presentations. Open Access, 84(2), 490-508.
Dunser, A. (2008). Supporting low ability readers with interactive augmented reality. Annual Review of Cyber Therapy and Telemedicine, 6(1), 39-46.
Ellis, R. (2017). Position paper: Moving task-based language teaching forward. Language Teaching, 50(4), 507-526.
Ghafari, A. Nomani, P. Fallah, J. Jafarzadeh Rumiani, P. (2016). Designing the application of teaching English alphabet, using augmented reality game. The second national conference of computer games: Opportunities and challenges. University of Esfahan, Iran.
Godwin-Jones, R. (2016). Augmented reality and language learning: From annotated vocabulary to place-based mobile games. Language Learning & Technology, 20(3), 9-19.
Green, M., Lea, J. H., & McNair, C. L. (2014). Reality check: Augmented reality for school libraries. Teacher Librarian, 41(5), 28-34.
Hu, L., Yuan, Y., Chen, Q., Kang, X., Zhu, Y. (2022). The practice and application of AR games to assist children’s English pronunciation teaching. Occupational Therapy International, 2022(1), 1-12. doi.org/10.1155/2022/3966740.
Hutchison, A., Beschorner, B., & Schmidt-Crawford, D. (2012). Exploring the use of the iPad for literacy learning. The Reading Teacher, 66(1), 15–23.
Hsu, J. L., & Huang, Y. H. (2011, October). The advent of augmented-learning: A combination of augmented reality and cloud computing. In E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education (pp. 1328-1333). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE).
Koller, D., Klinker, G., Rose, E., Breen, D., Whitaker, R., & Tuceryan, M. (2007). Automated camera calibration and 3D ego motion estimation for augmented reality applications. In International Conference on Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns (pp. 199-206). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Littlewood, W. (2004). The task-based approach: Some questions and suggestions. ELT Journal, 58(4), 319-327.
Lytridis, C., Tsinakos, A., & Kazanidis, I. (2018). ARTutor: An augmented reality platform for interactive distance learning. Education Sciences, 8(1), 1-12.
Markamah, N., Subiyanto, S., & Murnomo, A. (2018). The effectiveness of augmented reality app to improve students’ achievement in learning introduction to animals. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 12(4), 651-657.
Nunan, D. (1989). Designing tasks for the communicative classroom. Cambridge University Press.
Ozdemir, M., Sahin, C., Arcagok, S., & Demir, M. K. (2018). The effect of augmented reality applications in the learning process: A meta-analysis study. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 18(74), 165-186.
Phillips, D. (2001). Longman complete course for the TOEFL test: Preparation for the computer and paper test. Longman.
Piriyasurawong, P. (2020). Scaffolding augmented reality model to enhance deep Reading skill. TEM Journal, 9(4), 1760–1764.
Ramli, R., & Zaman, H. B. (2011). Designing usability evaluation methodology framework of augmented reality basic reading courseware (AR BACA SindD) for Down syndrome learner. Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Informatics, ICEEI 2011. DOI:10.1109/ICEEI.2011.6021807
Rauschnabel, P. A., Felix, R., Hinsch, C., Shahab, H., Alt, F. (2022). What is XR? Towards a framework for augmented and virtual reality. Computers in Human Behavior, 133,107289
Skehan, P. (2003). Task-based instruction. Language Teaching, 36, 1-14.
Tobar-Mun˜oz, H., Baldiris, S., & Fabregat, R. (2017). Augmented reality game-based learning: Enriching students’ experience during reading comprehension activities. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 55(7) 901–936.
Wang, X., Kim, M. J., Love, P. E., & Kang, S. C. (2013). Augmented reality in built environment: Classification and implications for future research. Automation in Construction, 32, 1-13.
Wojciechowski, R., & Cellary, W. (2013). Evaluation of learners’ attitude toward learning in ARIES augmented reality environments. Computers & Education, 68, 570–85.
Wu, M. H. (2019). The applications and effects of learning English through augmented reality: A case study of Pokémon go. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 1–35.
Yuen, S. C., Yaoyuneyong, G., & Johnson, E. (2011). Augmented reality: An overview and five directions for AR in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange, 4, 119–140.
Zhang, S. (2018). Augmented Reality in foreign language education: A review of empirical studies. Journal of Technology and Chinese Language Teaching, 9(2), 116-133.
Zhang, X., Genc, Y., & Navab, N. (2001). Mobile computing and industrial augmented reality for real-time data access. In ETFA 2001. 8th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation. Proceedings (Cat. No. 01TH8597) (Vol. 2, pp. 583-588). IEEE.