دلبستگی به مکان و نگرش نسبت به توسعه گردشگری و ارتقای رفتار مسئولانه زیست‌محیطی مطالعه موردی: شهر بابلسر

الموضوعات :

سارا حبیب تبار بیشه ¹ (دانشجوی دکترا گردشگری، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران)
مهدی رمضان زاده لسبوئی ² (دانشیار گروه مدیریت جهانگردی، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه مازندران، مازندران، ایران)

تاريخ الإرسال : 09 الثلاثاء , ذو الحجة, 1444 تاريخ التأكيد : 12 الأربعاء , ربيع الأول, 1445 تاريخ الإصدار : 20 الإثنين , شوال, 1445

الکلمات المفتاحية: نگرش, رفتار مسئولانه زیست‌محیطی, بابلسر, دلبستگی به مکان, گردشگری ساحلی,

ملخص المقالة :

گردشگری اثرات مثبت و منفی زیادی در زمینه‌های اقتصادی، اجتماعی - فرهنگی و زیست‌محیطی به همراه دارد. امروزه ساحل مقصد بسیاری از گردشگران بوده و به دلیل تقاضای بالای اجتماعی، این مناطق پیوسته در معرض تخریب قرار دارند. یکی از عوامل مؤثر جهت پیشگیری از این مسئله، رفتار زیست‌محیطی افراد است. رفتار زیست‌محیطی ساکنان مقصد ساحلی به شدت متأثر از فعالیت‌های گردشگری است، زیرا اثرات مخرب آن را بهتر درک می‌کنند. این مطالعه به بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر رفتار مسئولانه زیست‌محیطی ساکنان شهر ساحلی بابلسر می‌پردازد. پژوهش از نظر هدف، کاربردی و بر اساس ماهیت توصیفی - تحلیلی است که به منظور انجام آن 308 نفر از ساکنان بابلسر به عنوان نمونه آماری از طریق جدول مورگان انتخاب شدند. ابزار پژوهش پرسشنامه محقق‌ساخته بود که روایی و پایایی آن از طریق نرم‌افزار SMARTPLS3 بررسی شد. یافته‌ها نشان داد که منفعت درک‌شده با سطح معناداری 154/0 بر رعایت رفتار مسئولانه زیست‌محیطی هیچ تأثیری ندارد، اما بر ارتقای رفتار مسئولانه زیست‌محیطی با سطح معناداری 011/0 تأثیر دارد. همچنین، هزینه درک‌شده با سطح معناداری 123/0 بر ارتقاء رفتار مسئولانه زیست‌محیطی و نیز با سطح معناداری 719/0 بر رعایت رفتار مسئولانه زیست‌محیطی هیچ تأثیری ندارد. وابستگی به مکان هم بر منفعت درک‌شده با سطح معناداری 000/0 و هم بر هزینه درک‌شده با سطح معناداری 001/0 تأثیر دارد. به علاوه، وابستگی به مکان بر رعایت رفتار مسئولانه زیست‌محیطی با سطح معناداری 027/0 تأثیرگذار بوده و بالعکس با سطح معناداری 411/0 هیچ تأثیری بر ارتقای این رفتار ندارد. همچنین، هویت مکان با سطح معناداری 003/0 بر ارتقای رفتار مسئولانه زیست‌محیطی تأثیر داشته و بالعکس با سطح معناداری 135/0 هیچ تأثیری بر رعایت این رفتار ندارد. هویت مکان از طریق وابستگی به مکان بر رعایت رفتار مسئولانه زیست‌محیطی با سطح معناداری 028/0 تأثیرگذار است. به‌علاوه، وابستگی به مکان از طریق منفعت درک‌شده بر ارتقای رفتار مسئولانه زیست‌محیطی با سطح معناداری 037/0 تأثیرگذار است. در نهایت نتایج نشان داد که تحصیلات، زادگاه اصلی، مدت زمان اقامت، سن و مشارکت اقتصادی فعلی و گذشته افراد باعث ایجاد ادراکات مختلف در آن‌ها می‌شود.

المصادر:

•  

• Abbaszadeh, M., Banifatemeh, H., Alizadeh-Aghdam, M., & Alavi, L. (2016). Intervening Effect of Environmental Responsible Attitude on the Relationship of between Place Attachment and Environmental Responsible Behavior. Journal of Applied Sociology, 27(2), pp: 61-80. (In Persian) doi: 10.22108/jas.2016.20491


• Abedini, A., Saket-Hasanloei, M., & Azhari, A. (2020). Development of Natural Tourism (Coastal) with the Approach of Enhancing the Sustainability of the Natural Landscape, Case Study: Hasanlu Dam Scope of Naqadeh. Tourism Planning and Development, 9(32), pp: 107-122. (In Persian) doi: 10.22080/jtpd.2020.17967.3207


• Adongo, R., Choe, J. Y., & Han, H. (2017). Tourism in Hoi An, Vietnam: Impacts, perceived benefits, community attachment and support for tourism development. International Journal of Tourism Sciences, 17(2), pp: 86-106. doi: 10.1080/15980634.2017.1294344


• Akbarpour, M., Gholami, A., & Mohammadzadeh, F. (2019). Designing the planning pattern of tourism development in Bābolsar city with the combinatorial approach (SWOT and ISM). Urban Planning Knowledge, 2(4), pp: 67-81. (In persian) doi: 10.22124/upk.2019.11047.1118


• Almeida-García, F., Pelaez-Fernandez, M. A., Balbuena-Vazquez, A., & Cortés-Macias, R. (2016). Residents' perceptions of tourism development in Benalmádena (Spain). Tourism Management, 54, pp: 259-274. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2015.11.007


• Alrwajfah, M. M., Almeida-García, F., & Cortés Macías, R (2019). Residents’ perceptions and satisfaction toward tourism development: A case study of Petra Region, Jordan. Sustainability, 11(7), pp: 1-19. doi: 10.3390/su11071907


• Arinta, D., & Susilo, S. (2023). Development of integrated and sustainable community based eco-tourism on SIPELOT beach, Indonesia. Geo Journal of Tourism and Geosites, 46(1), pp:19-26. doi:10.30892/gtg.46102-996


• Azimi-Amoli, J., & Ghanbari, P. (2017). The Pathology of Tourism Development with the Approach of Land Use Planning (Case Study: The Coastal City of Sorkhrood). Quarterly of Geography (Regional Planning), 6(2), pp: 161-183. (In Persian) doi: 20.1001.1.22286462.1395.6.2.11.6


• Cardoso, C., & Silva, M. (2018). Residents’ perceptions and attitudes towards future tourism development: A challenge for tourism planners. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 10(6), pp: 688-697. doi: 10.1108/WHATT-07-2018-0048


• Chen, C. L. & Bau, Y. P. (2016). Establishing a multi-criteia evaluation structure for tourist beaches in Taiwan: A foundation for sustainable beach tourism. Ocean & Coastal Management, 121, pp: 88-96. doi: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.12.013


• Chen, Y. S., Lin, Y. H., & Wu, Y. J. (2020). How personality affects environmentally responsible behaviour through attitudes towards activities and environmental concern: Evidence from a national park in Taiwan. Leisure Studies, 39(6), pp: 825- 843. doi: 10.1080/02614367.2020.1778773


• Cheng, T. M., & Wu, H. C. (2015). How do environmental knowledge, environmental sensitivity, and place attachment affect environmentally responsible behavior? An integrated approach for sustainable island tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(4), pp: 557-576. doi:10.1080/09669582.2014.965177


• Cheng, T., Wu, H. C., Wang, J. T. M., & Wu, M. R. (2019). Community Participation as a mediating factor on residents’ attitudes towards sustainable tourism development and their personal environmentally responsible behavior. Current Issues in Tourism, 22(14), pp: 1764-1782. doi: 10.1080/13683500.2017.1405383


• Cheung, L T., & Hui, D. L. (2018). Influence of residents’ place attachment on heritage forest conservation awareness in a peri-urban area of Guangzhou, China. Urban forestry & urban greening, 33, pp: 37-45. doi: 10.1016/j.ufug.2018.05.004


• Cheung, L T., Ma, A. T., Lam, T. W., Chow, A. S., Fok, L., & Cheang, C. C. (2020). Predictors of the environmentally responsible behaviour of participants: An empirical investigation of interpretative dolphin-watching tours. Global Ecology and Conservation, 23, pp: 1-13. doi: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01153


• Confente, I., & Scarpi, D. (2021). Achieving environmentally responsible behavior for tourists and residents: A norm activation theory perspective. Journal of Travel Research, 60(6), pp: 1196-1212. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287520938875


• Divsalar, A., Aliakbari, E., & Bakhshi, A. (2018). The role of smart growth in sustainable development of coastal cities (case study: Babolsar). Geographical Planning of Space Quarterly Journal, 8(29), pp: 181-200. (In Persian)


• Ebrahimnia samakoush, S., khaksari, A., Latifi, GH. R., & Damadi, M. (2013). Assessing the Role of Urban Tourism in Economic-Environmental Development of the City of Babolsar. IUESA, 1(3), pp: 17-31. (In Persian) doi: 20.1001.1.23452870.1392.1.3.2.2


• Eslami, S., Khalifah, Z., Mardani, A., Streimikiene, D., & Han, H. (2019). Community attachment, tourism impacts, quality of life and residents’ support for sustainable tourism development. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 36(9), pp: 1061-1079. doi: 10.1080/10548408.2019.1689224


• Eusébio, C., Vieira, A. L., & Lima, S. (2018). Place attachment, host–tourist interactions, and residents’ attitudes towards tourism development: The case of Boa Vista Island in Cape Verde. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 26(6), pp: 890 – 909. doi: 10.1080/09669582.2018.1425695


• Halpenny, E. A. (2010). Pro-environmental behaviours and park visitors: The effect of place attachment. Journal of environmental psychology, 30(4), pp: 409-421. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2010.04.006


• He, X., Hu, D., Swanson, S. R., Su, L., & Chen, X. (2018). Destination perceptions, relationship quality, and tourist environmentally responsible behavior. Tourism management perspectives, 28, pp: 93-104.‏ doi: 10.1016/j.tmp.2018.08.001


• Hernández, M. M. G., Leon, C. J., García, C., & Lam-González, Y. E. (2023). Assessing the climate-related risk of marine biodiversity degradation for coastal and marine tourism. Ocean & Coastal Management, 232, 1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2022.106436


• Hosany, S., Prayag, G., Van Der Veen, R., Huang, S., & Deesilatham, S. (2017). Mediating effects of place attachment and satisfaction on the relationship between tourists’ emotions and intention to recommend. Journal of Travel Research, 56(8), pp: 1079-1093. doi:10.1177/0047287516678088


• Junot, A., Paquet, Y., & Fenouillet, F. (2018). Place attachment influence on human well‐being and general pro‐environmental behaviors. Journal of Theoretical Social Psychology, 2(2), pp: 49-57. doi: 10.1002/jts5.18


• Lakshmi, S. R., & Shaji, T. L. (2016). Transformaion of coastal settlements due to tourism. Procedia Technology, 24, p: 1668-1680. doi: 10.1016/j.protcy.2016.05.188


• Larson, L. R., Stedman, R. C., Cooper, C. B., & Decker, D. J. (2015). Understanding the multi-dimensional structure of pro-environmental behavior. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 43, pp: 112-124. doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2015.06.004


• Lee, T. H, & Jan, F. H. (2015). The influence of recreation experience and environmental attitude on the environmentally responsible behavior of community-based tourists in Taiwan. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(7), pp: 1063-1094. doi:10.1080/09669582.2015.1032298


• Lee, J. S. H., & Oh, C. O. (2018). The causal effects of place attachment and tourism development on coastal residents' environmentally responsible behavior. Coastal management, 46(3), pp: 176-190. doi:10.1080/08920753.2018.1451728


• Lee, Y. K., Pei, F., Ryu, K. S., & Choi, S. (2019). Why the tripartite relationship of place attachment, loyalty, and pro-environmental behaviour matter?. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 24(3), pp: 250-267. doi: 10.1080/10941665.2018.1564344


• Lithgow, D., Martínez, M. L., Gallego-Fernández, J. B., Silva, R., & Ramírez-Vargas, D. L. (2019). Exploring the co-occurrence between coastal squeeze and coastal tourism in a changing climate and its consequences. Tourism Management, 74, pp: 43-54. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2019.02.005


• López, M. F. B., Virto, N. R., Manzano, J. A., & Miranda, J. G. M. (2018). Residents' attitude as determinant of tourism sustainability: The case of Trujillo. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 35, pp: 36-45. doi: 10.1016/j.jhtm.2018.02.002


• Lundberg, E. (2015). The level of tourism development and resident attitudes: A comparative case study of coastal destinations. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 15(3), pp: 266-294. doi: 10.1080/15022250.2015.1005335


• Luo, W., Tang, P., Jiang, L., & Su, M. M. (2020). Influencing mechanism of tourist social responsibility awareness on environmentally responsible behavior. Journal of Cleaner Production, 271, pp: 1-22. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122565


• Mansoor, M., & Wijaksana, T. I. (2023). Predictors of pro-environmental behavior: Moderating role of knowledge sharing and mediatory role of perceived environmental responsibility. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 66(5), 1089-1107. doi: 10.1080/09640568.2021.2016380


• Meng, L., & Si, W. (2022). Pro-Environmental Behavior: Examining the Role of Ecological Value Cognition, Environmental Attitude, and Place Attachment among Rural Farmers in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(24), pp: 1-24. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192417011


• Mirkatooli, J., ghadami, M., mahdian, M., & mohamadi, S. (2011). Study and survey of trend and physical- space expansion of Babolsar city with using Shannon’s Entropy and Holdern models. Journal of Studies of Human Settlements Planning, 6(16), pp: 115-133. (In Persian)


• Mogoei, R., Hosseini, S., & Al-Mozaffar, R. (2017). Strategic Programming of Coastal Tourism (Case study: Nowshahr). Journal of Oceanography, 8(29), pp: 25-33. (In Persian) doi: 10.30495/jzpm.2021.4013


• Peters, M., Chan, C. S., & Legerer, A. (2018). Local perception of impact-attitudes-actions towards tourism development in the Urlaubsregion Murtal in Austria. Sustainability, 10(7), pp: 1-28. doi:10.3390/su10072360


• peyvastehgar, Y., & akbari, Z. (2021). Investigating the effect and relationship between attachment to place and spatial identity in indigenous and non-indigenous people in three scales: city, neighborhood and home. Urban Environmental Planning and Development, 1(3), pp: 45-62. (In perian) doi: 20.1001.1.27833496.1400.1.3.4.6


• Poudel, S., & Nyaupane, G. P. (2017). Understanding environmentally responsible behaviour of ecotourists: The Reasoned Action Approach. Tourism Planning & Development, 14(3), pp: 337-352. doi: 10.1080/21568316.2016.1221851


• Ramkissoon, H., Smith, L. D. G., & Weiler, B. (2013). Testing the dimensionality of place attachment and its relationships with place satisfaction and pro-environmental behaviours: A structural equation modelling approach. Tourism management, 36, pp: 552-566. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2012.09.003


• Rasoolimanesh, S. M., & Jaafar, M. (2017). Sustainable tourism development and residents’ perceptions in World Heritage Site destinations. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 22(1), pp: 34-48. doi: 10.1080/10941665.2016.1175491


• Rasoolimanesh, S. M., Jaafar, M., Kock, N., & Ramayah, T. (2015). A revised framework of social exchange theory to investigate the factors influencing residents' perceptions. Tourism Management Perspectives, 16, pp: 335-345. doi:10.1016/j.tmp.2015.10.001


• Rastegar, A., Moosakhani, M. & Keshavarz, M. (2019). Greening in governmental organizations; Investigating the role of place attachment for workers’ environmental responsible behavior with mediating role of alternative and cycle behaviors and Green nudge. Journal of Iranian Public Administration Studies, 2(3), pp: 63-86. (In Persian)


• Robinson, D., Newman, S. P., & Stead, S. M. (2019). Community perceptions link environmental decline to reduced support for tourism development in small island states: A case study in the Turks and Caicos Islands. Marine Policy, 108, pp: 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2019.103671


• Samadi-Tari, Z., Nouri, J., & Arjmandi, R. (2020). Strategic Management of Sustainable Development of Tourism in the Coastal Areas by Using SWOT Model and QSPM Matrix (Case Study: Mazandaran Province). Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 22(1), pp: 227-245. (In Persian) doi: 10.30495/jest.2018.10546.1899


• Seyyedi, M., khajeshahkohi, A., & Bazi, K. (2018). Barriers and limitations of Sustainable development of tourism in the coastal city Tonekabon. Geographical Planning of Space Quarterly Journal, 8(27), pp: 65-76. (In Persian)


• Sheikhbiglo, R., & Soltani, Z. (2021). Place Attachment and Pro-environmental Behaviors: Explaining the
  Dimensions and Effects (Case Study: Visitors to Sofeh Mountain Park in Isfahan). Journal of Geography and Environmental Planning, 31(4), pp: 25-42. (In Persian) doi: 10.22108/gep.2021.125479.1364


• Smith, T. F., Elrick-Barr, C. E., Thomsen, D. C., Celliers, L., & Le Tissier, M. (2023). Impacts of tourism on coastal areas. Cambridge Prisms: Coastal Futures, 1, pp: 1-5. doi: 10.1017/cft.2022.5


• Statistical Center of Iran. (2018). Population and housing census results, Tehran, Statistical Center of Iran. (In Persian)


• Sthapit, E., Björk, P., & Coudounaris, D. N. (2022). Memorable nature-based tourism experience, place attachment and tourists’ environmentally responsible behaviour. Journal of Ecotourism, 1-24. doi: 10.1080/14724049.2022.2091581


• Stylidis, D. (2018). Place attachment, perception of place and residents’ support for tourism development. Tourism Planning & Development, 15(2), pp: 188-210. doi: 10.1080/21568316.2017.1318775


• Su, L., Huang, S. S., & Pearce, J. (2018). How does destination social responsibility contribute to environmentally responsible behaviour? A destination resident perspective. Journal of Business Research, 86, pp: 179-189. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.02.011


• Sultan, M. T., Sharmin, F., Badulescu, A., Stiubea, E., & Xue, K. (2021). Travelers’ responsible environmental behavior towards sustainable coastal tourism: An empirical investigation on social media user-generated content. Sustainability, 13(1), pp: 1-19. doi: 10.3390/su13010056


• Tan, W. J., Yang, C. F., Château, P. A., Lee, M. T., & Chang, Y. C. (2018). Integrated coastal-zone management for sustainable tourism using a decision support system based on system dynamics: A case study of Cijin, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Ocean & Coastal Management, 153, pp: 131-139. doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2017.12.012


• Tuahatu, J. W., Tuhumury, N., & Manuputty, G. D. (2023). Analysis of Waste Composition, Waste Generation and The Recycling Potential in The Natsepa Beach Tourism Area, Central Maluku Regency. Journal Sumberdaya Akuatik Indopasifik, 7(1), pp. 75-84. doi: 10.46252/jsai-fpik-unipa.2023.Vol.7.No.1.249


• Vong, L. T. N. (2015). The mediating role of place identity in the relationship between residents’ perceptions of heritage tourism and place attachment: The Macau youth experience. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 10(4), pp: 344-356. doi: 10.1080/1743873X.2015.1026908


• Wang, S., & Chen, J. S. (2015). The influence of place identity on perceived tourism impacts. Annals of Tourism Research, 52, pp: 16-28. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2015.02.016


• Wang, S., & Xu, H. (2015). Influence of place-based senses of distinctiveness, continuity, self-esteem and self-efficacy on residents' attitudes toward tourism. Tourism Management, 47, pp: 241-250. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2014.10.007


• Yuan, Q., Song, H., Chen, N., & Shang, W. (2019). Roles of tourism involvement and place attachment in determining residents’ attitudes toward industrial heritage tourism in a resource-exhausted city in China. Sustainability, 11(19), pp: 1-23. doi: 10.3390/su11195151


• Zhang, Y., Zhang, J., Ye, Y., Wu, Q., Jin, L., & Zhang, H. (2016). Residents’ environmental conservation behaviors at tourist sites: Broadening the norm activation framework by adopting environment attachment. Sustainability, 8(6), pp: 1-16. doi:10.3390/su8060571


• Zhu, H., Liu, J., Wei, Z., Li, W., & Wang, L. (2017). Residents’ attitudes towards sustainable tourism development in a historical-cultural village: Influence of perceived impacts, sense of place and tourism development potential. Sustainability, 9(1), pp: 1-15. doi: 10.3390/su9010061