Study of Source Limitation and Combined Effect of Chemical and Biological Fertilizer on Yield and Qualitative Traits of Seed (lipid, Nitrogen and Protein Content) Corn
الموضوعات :
Fatemeh Noraki
1
(Faculty member, Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.)
Ebrahim Panahpor
2
(Associate Professor, Department of Soil Science, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.)
Hasan Rahmani
3
(Faculty member, Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.)
Abdolah Ayaran
4
(Ph.D. Student, Department of Agronomy, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.)
الکلمات المفتاحية: Maize, Nitroxin, <i>Defoliation, Urea</i>, Single Cross 701,
ملخص المقالة :
BACKGROUND: Nitrogen is a basic plant component, playing a decisive role in the intensification of plant production. Bio-fertilizers play a very significant role in improving soil fertility by fixing atmospheric nitrogen, both, in association with plant roots and without it, insoluble soil phosphates and produces plant growth substances in the soil. OBJECTIVES: The current study was conducted to investigate the integrated management of biological and chemical fertilizers on seed qualitative traits and crop production of single cross 701 corn under warm and dry climate condition. METHODS: This research was carried out via split plot experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with four replications along 2013-2014 year. The main factor included combination nitrogen fertilizer and biologic fertilizer; Nitroxin (a1: 100 Nitrogen fertilizer × 100% biofertilizer, a2: 75% Nitrogen fertilizer × 100% biofertilizer, a3: 50% Nitrogen fertilizer × 100% biofertilizer, a4: 25% Nitrogen fertilizer × 100% biofertilizer) and Defoliation (b1: non defoliation, b2: Cut lower leaves of the cob, b3: Cut upper leaves of the cob) belonged to sub plot. RESULT: Assessment analysis of variance showed effect of combination urea and Nitroxin (instead seed lipid content), defoliation and interaction effect of treatments on all measured traits was significant at 5% probability level. Evaluation mean comparison result of interaction effect of treatments indicated maximum amount of measured characteristics (instead seed nitrogen content) was noted for 50% nitrogen fertilizer × 100% biofertilizer × non defoliation and the lowest ones belonged to 25% nitrogen fertilizer × 100% biofertilizer × cut upper leaves of the cob. CONCLUSION: According to the results, it seems that biological fertilizers in combination with chemical fertilizers provide increased access to food and increase the quantitative and qualitative yield of grain and increase the amount of nutrients in the seed. Also defoliation had great effect on nutrient content. Defoliation the upper leaves of the cob increases the amount of these elements but reduces the economic performance of the single-cross 701 hybrid.
Ansari, P. and M. Rousta. 2008. The effect of application of biological fertilizer of Nitroxin on some vegetative growth indices of maize. The 1st Natl. Conf. Manag. Develop. Sust. Agri. Iran. 120 pp. (Abstract in English)
Cox, W. J. and D. J. R. Cherney. 2005. Timing corn forage harvest for bunker silos. Agron. J. 97: 142-146.
Eidy-Zadeh, Kh., A. Damghani Mahdavi, F. Ebrahimpur. and H. Sabahi. 2012. Effects of amount and methodorganic fertilizers combined with thechemical fertilizer application on yield and yield components of corn. Electronic J. Crop Prod. 5(3): 35-21.
El-Kholy, M., A. S. El-Ashry. and A. M. Gomaa. 2005. Bio-fertilization of maize crop and its impact on yield and seeds nutrient content under low rats of mineral fertilizers. J. Appl. Sci. Res. 1(2): 117-121.
Ghani, A., M. Hussain. and A. Hassan. 2000. Interactive effect of nitrogen and water stress on leaf area of sunflower. Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 3: 989-990.
Keeney, D. R. and D. W. Nelson. 1982. Nitrogen in organic forms. pp. 643-698. In: A. L. Page, R. H. Miller and D. R. Keeney (Eds.), Method of soil analysis. Part II. USA.
Lin, Q. M., Z. H. Rao, Y. X. Sun, J. Yao. and L. J. Xing. 2007. Identification and practical application of silicate dissolving bacteria. Agri. Sci. China. 1: 81-85.
Maghsoudi, E., A. Ghalavand. and M. Aghaalikhani. 2014. Effect management strategies fertilizer nitrogen and biological on morphological traits, yield and quality traits corn (S.C. 704). Iranian J. Field Crop Res. 12(2): 273-282. (Abstract in English)
Nouraki, F., M. AlaviFazel, A. Naderi, E. Panahpoor. and Sh. Lack. 2016. Effects of Integrated Management of Bio and Chemical Fertilizers on Yield of Maize Hybrids (Zea mays L.). J. Exp. Biol. Agric. Sci. 4(4): 421.426.
Ram Rao, D. M., J. Kodandaramaiah. and M. P. Reddy. 2007. Effect of VAM fungi and bacterial biofertilizers on mulberry leaf quality and silkworm cocoon characters under semi-arid conditions. Caspian J. Environ. Sci. 5(2): 111-117.
Singh, D. K., A. K. Pandey, U. B. Pandey. and S. R. Bhonde. 2002. Effect of Farmyard Manure Combined with Foliar Application of NPK Mixture and Micronutrients on Growth, Yield and Quality of Onion. Newsletter-National Horticultural Research and Development Found. 21-22: 1-7.
Steer, B. T. and G. I. Seiler. 1990. Changes in fatty acid composition of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds in response to time of nitrogen application, supply rates and defoliation. J. Sci. Food and Agri. 51: 11-26.
Stewart, D. W., C. Costa, L. M. Dwyer, D. L. Smith, R. I. Hamilton. and B. L. Ma. 2003. Canopy structure, light interception, and photosynthesis rate in Maize (Zea mays L.) under water stress. Euphytica. 121: 279-287.
Szulc, P. 2013. Effects of soil supplementation with urea and magnesium on nitrogen uptake, and utilization by two different forms of maize (Zea mays L.) differing in senescence rates. Polish J. Environ. Studies. 22: 239 -248.
Thind, S. S., M. Sing, A. S. Sidhu. and I. M. Chhibba. 2002. Influence of continuous application of organic manures and nitrogen fertilizer on crop yield, N uptake and nutrient status under maize-wheat rotation. J. Res. Punjab Agri. Univ. 39(3): 357-361.
Tilak, K. V. B. R., C. S. Singh, N. K. Roy. and N. S. Subba Rao. 1992. Azospirillum brasilense and Azotobacter chrococcum inoculum effect on maize and sorghum. Soil Biol. Bio-chem. J. 14: 417-418.
Tohidi Moghaddam, H., M. Nasiri, H. Zahedi, F. Paknejad. and R. Ranjbarzadeh. 2007. Application of biological fertilizers as a solution to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers in soybean agriculture. The 2th Natl. Conf. Ecol. Agri. Iran. 25-26 October. Gorgan. Gorgan Univ. Iran. pp. 1434-1423. (Abstract in English)
Venkatash-Warlu, B. 2008. Role of bio-fertilizers in organic farming: Organic farming in rain fed agriculture: Central institute for dry land agriculture. Hyderabad. Pakistan. pp: 85-95.
