پیش بینی پایداری براساس دلبستگی به خدا، امید به زندگی و شادکامی در فرهنگیان زن بازنشسته خمینی شهر
الموضوعات :الهام رضایی 1 , فاطمه جواد زاده شهشهانی 2
1 - کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مشاوره خانواده، واحد خمینی شهر ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، خمینی شهر، ایران
2 - استادیار، گروه مشاوره ، واحد خمینی شهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، اصفهان، ایران ( نویسنده مسئول ) javadzadeh@iaukhsh.ac.ir
الکلمات المفتاحية: پایداری, شادکامی, دلبستگی به خدا, امید به زندگی, فرهنگیان زن بازنشسته,
ملخص المقالة :
هدف از این پژوهش پیش‌بینی پایداری بر اساس دلبستگی به خدا، امید به زندگی و شادکامی در فرهنگیان زن بازنشسته‌ی خمینی‌شهر بود. روش پژوهش همبستگی از نوع پیش‌بینی و جامعه آماری شامل کلیه فرهنگیان زن بازنشسته ی خمینی‌شهر در سال 1399 که تعدادشان 167 نفر بود. با استفاده از جدول مورگان برحسب تعداد جامعه آماری 113 نفر حجم نمونه برآورد گردید که درنهایت حجم نمونه با احتساب ریزش آماری به 100 نفر کاهش پیدا کرد. ابزار گرداوری اطلاعات شامل پرسشنامه پایداری داکورث (2007)، پرسشنامه دلبستگی به خدا بک و مک دونالد(2004)، پرسشنامه امید به زندگی اسنایدر (۱۹۹۱) و پرسشنامه شادکامی آکسفورد آرگایل، مارتین و کروسلند(1989) بود. تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها در دو سطح آمار توصیفی(میانگین و انحراف معیار) و آمار استنباطی (ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و رگرسیون چندگانه) با استفاده از نرم‌افزار spss-22 انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که به ترتیب دلبستگی به خدا(β=0/49)، شادکامی(β=0/23) و امید به زندگی(0/42=β) مشترکا، 5/47 درصد توانایی پیش‌بینی پایداری فرهنگیان زن بازنشسته را داشتند. همچنین نتایج نشان داد زیرمؤلفه‌های دلبستگی به خدا( ارتباط باخدا، توکل و توجه به خدا)، 2/34 درصد توانایی پیش‌بینی پایداری را داشتند و زیر مؤلفه‌های امید به زندگی( تفکر عاملی و تفکر راهبردی)، 9/37 درصد توانایی پیش‌بینی پایداری را در سطح معناداری p≤0.01 دارا بودند.
Ajdari Fard, P., Ghazi, GH & Nouranipour, R (2010). Investigating the effect of mysticism and spirituality education on students' mental health. new ideas in educational sciences. 5 (2). 17-31.
Asgari, P., Roshani, Kh. & Adriani, M. (2010). The Relationship between Religious Beliefs and Optimism and the Spiritual Health of Ahwaz Azad University Students. New Findings in Psychology. 4 (10). 27-39.
Barati, F., Ashrafi, Z., Najafi, F., Karimi, A. & Sharifizadeh, GH (2015). Evaluation of happiness status and related factors in students of University of Medical Sciences. Journal of Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences. 3 (2). 27-35.
Bitarafan, L., Kazemi, M. & Yousefi Afrashteh, M. (2017). The relationship between attachment styles to God and resilience with death anxiety in the elderly. Elderly Journal. 12 (4). 449-465.
Duckworth, A. L., & Allred, K. M. (2012). Temperament in the classroom. In R. L. Shiner and M. Zentner (Eds.), Handbook of Temperament New York, NY Guilford Press.p 627-644.
Duckworth, A., & Winkler, L. E. (2015). “Grit”, International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 397-401.
Duckworth, A.L & Seligman, M.E.P. (2017). The science and practice of self-control. Perspectives on Psychological Science. 12. 715-718
Elizabeth, A. (2011). United States life table. National Vital Statistics Report. 64(11). 1-63.
Feldman, D, B., & Kubota, M. (2015). Hope, self-efficacy, optimism, and academic achievement: Distinguishing constructs and levels of specificity in predicting college. Learning and Individual Differences. 37. 801–806.
Fouladi, N. & Shahidi, A. (2017). The role of personality traits and life expectancy in predicting psychological toughness among students with respect to gender. clinical psychology and personality. 15 (1). 93-101.
Fountoulakis, K,N,. Siamouli, M., Magiria S., &Kaprinis, G. (2008). Late-Life depression, religiosity, cerebral vascular disease. Cognitive impairment and attitudes towards death in the elderly: Interpreting the data. Medical hypotheses. 70. 493-496.
Ghaffari, M.H(2017)). Relationship between attachment to God and resilience with meaning in teachers' lives, First National Conference on Social Sciences. Educational Sciences and Social Security. 2 (7). 42-53.
Ghasemi, A., Abedi, A. & Baghban, I. (2009). The impact of group education based on Snyder’s hop theory on the rate of happiness in eldery’s life. Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology. 41. 17-40.
Ghobary Bonab, B., & YousefiNamini, A. (2010). The Relationship between Attachment to God and Reliance on God. Procida. Paris. 5. 1098-1104
Gholami, A &Bashildeh, K. (2011). The effectiveness of spiritual therapy on the mental health of divorced women. Family Counseling and Psychotherapy Quarterly. 1 (3). 331-348.
Hamid, N. (2009). Investigating the Relationship between Religious Attitude and Mental Health and Immune System Function. Psychological Studies. 5 (2). 1-13.
Hossein Chari, M. & Mohammadi, M. (2011). Predicting psychological resilience based on religious beliefs in urban and rural students. Contemporary Psychology. 6 (2). 45-56.
Jouybari, L., Rezaiean, M., Sanagoo, A., Jafari, Y., & Hosseini, A. (2011). Explaining the Happiness Experience of the Students in Golestan University of Medical Sciences. Journal of Gorgan Bouyeh Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery.1(19). 1-10.
Kalantar Hormozi, A., Asali Talekui, S & Moradi Liaoli, G.H (2015). Predicting Psychological Resilience Based on Religious Adherence in Married Women. Quarterly Journal of Clinical Psychology Studies. 19 (5). 119-139.
Kent, B. V., Bradshaw, M., & Uecker, J. E. (2018). Forgiveness, attachment to God, and mental health outcomes in older US adults: A longitudinal study. Research on aging.40(5). 456-479.
Khan, BM., & Khan, AM. (2017). Grit, happiness and life satisfaction among professionals: a correlational study. J Psychol Cognition. 2(2).123-132
Khoram rouz, J., Moltafet, GH., & Firouzi, M.R. (2017). The relationship between attachment to God and psychological well-being and the mediating role of feelings of shame and guilt. Armaghan Danesh. 22 (1). 112-125.
Krikpatrick, L. A. (1999). Handbook of attachment: Teory research and clinical application. New York: Guiford Press.
Kwon, H. W.(2021). Are Gritty People Happier than Others?: Evidence from the United States and South Korea. Journal of Happiness Studies, 1-23.
Kuhpayehzadeh, F., Motamedi, A., Dourtaj, F., Eskandari, H. & Farokhi, N. (2019). The effectiveness of semantic therapy-based educational package on the feeling of loneliness and self-efficacy of retired teachers. geriatrics. 4 (1).24-33.
McCracken, L. M., Badinlou, F., Buhrman, M., & Brocki, K. C. (2021). The role of psychological flexibility in the context of COVID-19: Associations with depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 19, 28-35.
Mishara, B. & Riddle, A(2003). Adult Psychology. Translated by Hamzeh Ganji, Alma Davodian and Farangis Habibi. Tehran: Information Publications.
Mohammadi, A & Azerbijan, M. (2009). An Investigation of the Relationship between Islamic Happiness and Psychological Happiness among the Students of Qom University .Journal of sychologyand religion. 3(7). 283-287.
Musaei, M. (2004). Social and Psychological Impacts of Retirement of Faculty Members: A Case Study at the University of Tehran. Quarterly Journal of Teacher of Humanities. 36. 157-180.
Nazarnejad, N. & Sharaf Tadvani, L (2010) Justification of religious beliefs based on their psychological function in the Holy Quran, Philosophy of Religion. 7 (8). 45-64.
Pargament, K, I .(1990). God help me: Toward a theoretical frame work of coping for the Psychology of religion research in the social scientific study of religious. Newyork, Wiley. 2. 195-224.
Safari, N (2014). The relationship between resilience and quality of life with happiness of women heads of households under the auspices of Shiraz Relief Committee. Master Thesis in Educational Psychology, Islamic Azad University of Marvdasht.
Salles, A., Cohen, G. L., & Mueller, C. M. (2014). The relationship between grit and resident well-being. The American Journal of Surgery. 207(2). 251-254.
Seon Ahn, H., Bong, M., & Kim, S. (2017). Social models in the cognitive appraisal of self-efficacy information. Contemporary Educational Psychology. 48. 149 – 166
Tough, P. (2012). How children succeed: Grit, curiosity, and the hidden power of character. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
Yang, K.P., & Mao, X.Y. (2007). A study of nurses'spiritual intelligence: A cross-sectional questionnairesurvey. Journal of Nursing Studies. 144. 999-1010.
Zeinih, H., & Nilsaz, N. (2012).Happiness and Joyfulness from the Viewpoint of Holly Koran & Islamic Traditions. Culture in Islamic University. 1 (1).50-68.
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Ajdari Fard, P., Ghazi, GH & Nouranipour, R (2010). Investigating the effect of mysticism and spirituality education on students' mental health. new ideas in educational sciences. 5 (2). 17-31.
Asgari, P., Roshani, Kh. & Adriani, M. (2010). The Relationship between Religious Beliefs and Optimism and the Spiritual Health of Ahwaz Azad University Students. New Findings in Psychology. 4 (10). 27-39.
Barati, F., Ashrafi, Z., Najafi, F., Karimi, A. & Sharifizadeh, GH (2015). Evaluation of happiness status and related factors in students of University of Medical Sciences. Journal of Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences. 3 (2). 27-35.
Bitarafan, L., Kazemi, M. & Yousefi Afrashteh, M. (2017). The relationship between attachment styles to God and resilience with death anxiety in the elderly. Elderly Journal. 12 (4). 449-465.
Duckworth, A. L., & Allred, K. M. (2012). Temperament in the classroom. In R. L. Shiner and M. Zentner (Eds.), Handbook of Temperament New York, NY Guilford Press.p 627-644.
Duckworth, A., & Winkler, L. E. (2015). “Grit”, International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 397-401.
Duckworth, A.L & Seligman, M.E.P. (2017). The science and practice of self-control. Perspectives on Psychological Science. 12. 715-718
Elizabeth, A. (2011). United States life table. National Vital Statistics Report. 64(11). 1-63.
Feldman, D, B., & Kubota, M. (2015). Hope, self-efficacy, optimism, and academic achievement: Distinguishing constructs and levels of specificity in predicting college. Learning and Individual Differences. 37. 801–806.
Fouladi, N. & Shahidi, A. (2017). The role of personality traits and life expectancy in predicting psychological toughness among students with respect to gender. clinical psychology and personality. 15 (1). 93-101.
Fountoulakis, K,N,. Siamouli, M., Magiria S., &Kaprinis, G. (2008). Late-Life depression, religiosity, cerebral vascular disease. Cognitive impairment and attitudes towards death in the elderly: Interpreting the data. Medical hypotheses. 70. 493-496.
Ghaffari, M.H(2017)). Relationship between attachment to God and resilience with meaning in teachers' lives, First National Conference on Social Sciences. Educational Sciences and Social Security. 2 (7). 42-53.
Ghasemi, A., Abedi, A. & Baghban, I. (2009). The impact of group education based on Snyder’s hop theory on the rate of happiness in eldery’s life. Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology. 41. 17-40.
Ghobary Bonab, B., & YousefiNamini, A. (2010). The Relationship between Attachment to God and Reliance on God. Procida. Paris. 5. 1098-1104
Gholami, A &Bashildeh, K. (2011). The effectiveness of spiritual therapy on the mental health of divorced women. Family Counseling and Psychotherapy Quarterly. 1 (3). 331-348.
Hamid, N. (2009). Investigating the Relationship between Religious Attitude and Mental Health and Immune System Function. Psychological Studies. 5 (2). 1-13.
Hossein Chari, M. & Mohammadi, M. (2011). Predicting psychological resilience based on religious beliefs in urban and rural students. Contemporary Psychology. 6 (2). 45-56.
Jouybari, L., Rezaiean, M., Sanagoo, A., Jafari, Y., & Hosseini, A. (2011). Explaining the Happiness Experience of the Students in Golestan University of Medical Sciences. Journal of Gorgan Bouyeh Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery.1(19). 1-10.
Kalantar Hormozi, A., Asali Talekui, S & Moradi Liaoli, G.H (2015). Predicting Psychological Resilience Based on Religious Adherence in Married Women. Quarterly Journal of Clinical Psychology Studies. 19 (5). 119-139.
Kent, B. V., Bradshaw, M., & Uecker, J. E. (2018). Forgiveness, attachment to God, and mental health outcomes in older US adults: A longitudinal study. Research on aging.40(5). 456-479.
Khan, BM., & Khan, AM. (2017). Grit, happiness and life satisfaction among professionals: a correlational study. J Psychol Cognition. 2(2).123-132
Khoram rouz, J., Moltafet, GH., & Firouzi, M.R. (2017). The relationship between attachment to God and psychological well-being and the mediating role of feelings of shame and guilt. Armaghan Danesh. 22 (1). 112-125.
Krikpatrick, L. A. (1999). Handbook of attachment: Teory research and clinical application. New York: Guiford Press.
Kwon, H. W.(2021). Are Gritty People Happier than Others?: Evidence from the United States and South Korea. Journal of Happiness Studies, 1-23.
Kuhpayehzadeh, F., Motamedi, A., Dourtaj, F., Eskandari, H. & Farokhi, N. (2019). The effectiveness of semantic therapy-based educational package on the feeling of loneliness and self-efficacy of retired teachers. geriatrics. 4 (1).24-33.
McCracken, L. M., Badinlou, F., Buhrman, M., & Brocki, K. C. (2021). The role of psychological flexibility in the context of COVID-19: Associations with depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 19, 28-35.
Mishara, B. & Riddle, A(2003). Adult Psychology. Translated by Hamzeh Ganji, Alma Davodian and Farangis Habibi. Tehran: Information Publications.
Mohammadi, A & Azerbijan, M. (2009). An Investigation of the Relationship between Islamic Happiness and Psychological Happiness among the Students of Qom University .Journal of sychologyand religion. 3(7). 283-287.
Musaei, M. (2004). Social and Psychological Impacts of Retirement of Faculty Members: A Case Study at the University of Tehran. Quarterly Journal of Teacher of Humanities. 36. 157-180.
Nazarnejad, N. & Sharaf Tadvani, L (2010) Justification of religious beliefs based on their psychological function in the Holy Quran, Philosophy of Religion. 7 (8). 45-64.
Pargament, K, I .(1990). God help me: Toward a theoretical frame work of coping for the Psychology of religion research in the social scientific study of religious. Newyork, Wiley. 2. 195-224.
Safari, N (2014). The relationship between resilience and quality of life with happiness of women heads of households under the auspices of Shiraz Relief Committee. Master Thesis in Educational Psychology, Islamic Azad University of Marvdasht.
Salles, A., Cohen, G. L., & Mueller, C. M. (2014). The relationship between grit and resident well-being. The American Journal of Surgery. 207(2). 251-254.
Seon Ahn, H., Bong, M., & Kim, S. (2017). Social models in the cognitive appraisal of self-efficacy information. Contemporary Educational Psychology. 48. 149 – 166
Tough, P. (2012). How children succeed: Grit, curiosity, and the hidden power of character. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
Yang, K.P., & Mao, X.Y. (2007). A study of nurses'spiritual intelligence: A cross-sectional questionnairesurvey. Journal of Nursing Studies. 144. 999-1010.
Zeinih, H., & Nilsaz, N. (2012).Happiness and Joyfulness from the Viewpoint of Holly Koran & Islamic Traditions. Culture in Islamic University. 1 (1).50-68.
