اثر مدیریت تلفیقی کودهای بیولوژیکی و شیمیایی نیتروژنی در تراکم های مختلف بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L) تحت تنش خشکی
الموضوعات : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعیحسن رحمانی 1 , مانی مجدم 2 , علیرضا شکوه فر 3 , مجتبی علوی فاضل 4 , شهرام لک 5
1 - گروه زراعت، پردیس علوم و تحقیقات خوزستان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران و گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران
2 - گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران
3 - گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران
4 - گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران
5 - گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: عملکرد دانه, تراکم, روغن, نیتروکسین,
ملخص المقالة :
این آزمایش به صورت کرت های دوبار خردشده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال های زراعی 95-1394 و 96-1395 در استان خوزستان اجرا شد. عامل اصلی، تنش کمبود آب با چهار سطح، آبیاری پس از تخلیه 45، 60، 75 و 90درصد آب قابل استفاده گیاه به عنوان عامل فرعی، تلفیق کود بیولوژیک و شیمیایی نیتروژنی، با سه سطح 100 درصد کود شیمیایی، 75 و 50 درصد تلفیق کود شیمیایی با 100 درصد نیتروکسین و تراکم بوته در سه سطح 57، 71 و 95 هزار بوته در هکتار به عنوان عامل فرعی فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج نشان داد برهمکنش تنش کمبود آب، تلفیق کود زیستی و شیمیایی نیتروژن و تراکم بوته تأثیر معنی دار بر عملکرد دانه، وزن هزار دانه، تعداد دانه در طبق، شاخص برداشت و عملکرد بیولوژیکی داشتند. بیشترین عملکرد دانه از تیمار آبیاری مطلوب با تلفیق 75 درصد کود شیمیایی و زیستی و تراکم 95 هزار بوته حاصل شد که نسبت به تیمار تنش خیلی شدید رطوبتی با 75 درصد کود شیمیایی و بیولوژیکی و تراکم 57 هزار بوته 75 درصد افزایش به دست آمد. برهمکنش تنش رطوبتی و تراکم و کودها بر درصد روغن و شاخص سطح برگ معنی دار شد. در مجموع استفاده از نیتروژن از دو منبع شیمیایی و زیستی در تراکم 95 هزار بوته برای کاهش اثرات تنش رطوبتی بر گیاه آفتابگردان قابل توصیه می باشد.
Abbasi Seyahjani, E., F. Farhvash, H. Kazemi Arbat, and M.B. Khorshidi Benam. 2013. The effects of water deficit stress on some morphological characteristics and grain yield of armavirsky cultivar of sunflower (Helianthus annuus ). Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 6(4): 353-364. (In Persian).
Ahmad abadi, Z., M. Ghajar sepanlo, and M.A. Bahmanyar. 2011. Effect of vermicompost application on amount of micro elements in soil and the content in the medicinal plant of borage (Borago officinalis). Journal of Agriculture. 13(2): 1-12. (In Persian).
Bell, M.J., B. Harch, and G.C. Wright. 1991. Plant population studies on peanut (Arachis hypogaea) insubtropical Australia. I. Growth under fully irrigated conditions. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 31(4): 535-543.
Daneshian, J., and H. Jabbari. 2009. Effect of limited irrigation and plant density on morphologicalcharacteristics and grain yield in a dwarf sunflower hybrid (CMS26 × R103) as second crop. Iranian Journal of Crop Science. 10(40): 377-388. (In Persian).
Daneshian, J., A. Jamshidi, A. Ghalavand, and S. Farrokhi. 2008. Determine the most suitable plant density and planting date for the new hybrid (CMS-26 * R-103) sunflower. Iranian Journal of Crop Science. 10(1): 72-86. (In Persian).
Emam, Y. 2007. Cereal production. Shiraz University Press. 190 pp. (In Persian).
Emami Bistgani, Z., S.A. Siadat, A. Bakhshande, K.H. Alami Saeid, and GH.H. Shiresmaeili. 2012. Effect of plant density on yield and quality traits of four sunflower genotypes. Journal of Crop Production and Processing. 1(2): 1-13. (In Persian).
Ferreira, A.M., and F.G. Abrue. 2001. Description of development, light interception and growth of sunflower at two sowing dates and two densities. Mathematical Modeling and Simulation in Agricultural and Bio-industries. 56: 369-384.
Fu, G.F., J. Song, J. Xiong, Y.R. Li, H.Z. Chen, M.K. Le, and L.X. Tao. 2011. Changes of oxidative stress and soluble sugar anthers involve in rice pollen abortion under drought stress. Agricultural Sciences in China. 10(7): 1016-1025.
Gholinezhad, E. 2014. Effect of water deficit stress, different rates of nitrogen and plant density on remobilization, current photosynthesis and grain yield in sunflower. Journal of Oil Plant Production. 1(1): 43-63. (In Persian).
Heydari, M., and V. Karami. 2013. Effects of water stress and different mycorrhiza species on yield and yield components, chlorophyll and biochemical components of sunflower. Journal of Environmental Stress on Crop Science. 6(1): 17-28. (In Persian).
Ibrahim, H.M. 2012. Response of some sunflower hybrids to different levels of plant density. APCBEE Procedia. 4: 175–182.
Jabari, H., G. Akbari, A. Daneshian, J. Alah dadi, and I. Shahbazian. 2007. Effect of water deficit stress on agronomic characteristics of sunflower hybrids. Agriculture Research. 9(1): 13-22.
Khamari, S., K. Ghasemi, H. Alyari, and S. Zehtab Salmasi. 2007. The effect of irrigation on phenology and yield of three sunflower cultivars in Tabriz. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. 14(6): 72-80.
Kocabas, I., M. Kaplan, M. Kurkcuoglu, and K.H.C. Baser. 2010. Effects of different organic manure applications on the essential oil components of Turkish sage (Salvia fruticosa mill). Asian Journal of Chemistry. 22(2): 1599-1605.
Koocheki, A., M. Hoseini, and A. Dezfoli. 2008. Constant agriculture. Mashhad University Publications. (In Persian).
Manivannan, P., C. Abdul Jaleel, Z. Chang-Xing, R. Somasundaram, M.M. Azooz, and R. Panneerselvam. 2008. Variations in growth and pigment composition of sunflower varieties under early season drought stress. Global Journal of Molecular Sciences. 3: 50-56.
Nasser, K.H., and B. El-Gizawy. 2009. Effects of nitrogen rate and planting density on agronomicnitrogen efficiency and maize yields following wheat and faba bean. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Science. 5: 378-386.
Pirasteh Anosheh, H., Y. Emam, and F. Jamali Ramin. 2011. Comparative effect of biofertilizers with chemical fertilizers on sunflower (Helianthus annuus) growth, yield and oil percentage in different drought stress levels. Journal of Agroecology. 2(3): 492-501. (In Persian).
Roshdi, M., H. Heidari Sharifabad, M. Karimi, G.H. Nourmohammadi, and F. Darvish. 2006. A srvey on the impact of water deficiency over the yield of sunflower seed cultivar and its components. Journal of Agricultural Science. 12(1): 109- 121.
Shokouhfar, A., and S. Khani. 2018. Investigation of combined effect of biological and chemical fertilizers of phosphorus and nitrogen on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sunflower (Helianthus annuus). Journal of Plant Production Science. 8(2): 83-93. (In Persian).
Soleimanzadeh, H., D. Habibi, M.R. Ardakani, F. Paknejad, and F. Rejali. 2010. Response of sunflower (Helianthus annuus ) to inoculation with azotobacter under different nitrogen levels. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. 7(3): 265-268.
Soleymani, F., and G. Ahmadvand. 2016. The effect of chemical, biological and organic nutritionaltreatments on sunflowers yield and yield components under water deficit stress. Journal of Agroecology. 8(1): 107-119.
Suzer, S. 2010. Effects of nitrogen and plant density on dwarf sunflower hybrids. Hellia. 33(53): 207-214.
Yousefpoor, Z., A.R. Yadavi, H.R. Balouchi, and H. Farajee. 2014. Evaluation of some physiological, morphologicaland phonological characteristics in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) influenced by biological and chemical sources of nitrogen and phosphorus. Agroecology. 6(3): 508-519. (In Persian).
_||_Abbasi Seyahjani, E., F. Farhvash, H. Kazemi Arbat, and M.B. Khorshidi Benam. 2013. The effects of water deficit stress on some morphological characteristics and grain yield of armavirsky cultivar of sunflower (Helianthus annuus ). Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 6(4): 353-364. (In Persian).
Ahmad abadi, Z., M. Ghajar sepanlo, and M.A. Bahmanyar. 2011. Effect of vermicompost application on amount of micro elements in soil and the content in the medicinal plant of borage (Borago officinalis). Journal of Agriculture. 13(2): 1-12. (In Persian).
Bell, M.J., B. Harch, and G.C. Wright. 1991. Plant population studies on peanut (Arachis hypogaea) insubtropical Australia. I. Growth under fully irrigated conditions. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 31(4): 535-543.
Daneshian, J., and H. Jabbari. 2009. Effect of limited irrigation and plant density on morphologicalcharacteristics and grain yield in a dwarf sunflower hybrid (CMS26 × R103) as second crop. Iranian Journal of Crop Science. 10(40): 377-388. (In Persian).
Daneshian, J., A. Jamshidi, A. Ghalavand, and S. Farrokhi. 2008. Determine the most suitable plant density and planting date for the new hybrid (CMS-26 * R-103) sunflower. Iranian Journal of Crop Science. 10(1): 72-86. (In Persian).
Emam, Y. 2007. Cereal production. Shiraz University Press. 190 pp. (In Persian).
Emami Bistgani, Z., S.A. Siadat, A. Bakhshande, K.H. Alami Saeid, and GH.H. Shiresmaeili. 2012. Effect of plant density on yield and quality traits of four sunflower genotypes. Journal of Crop Production and Processing. 1(2): 1-13. (In Persian).
Ferreira, A.M., and F.G. Abrue. 2001. Description of development, light interception and growth of sunflower at two sowing dates and two densities. Mathematical Modeling and Simulation in Agricultural and Bio-industries. 56: 369-384.
Fu, G.F., J. Song, J. Xiong, Y.R. Li, H.Z. Chen, M.K. Le, and L.X. Tao. 2011. Changes of oxidative stress and soluble sugar anthers involve in rice pollen abortion under drought stress. Agricultural Sciences in China. 10(7): 1016-1025.
Gholinezhad, E. 2014. Effect of water deficit stress, different rates of nitrogen and plant density on remobilization, current photosynthesis and grain yield in sunflower. Journal of Oil Plant Production. 1(1): 43-63. (In Persian).
Heydari, M., and V. Karami. 2013. Effects of water stress and different mycorrhiza species on yield and yield components, chlorophyll and biochemical components of sunflower. Journal of Environmental Stress on Crop Science. 6(1): 17-28. (In Persian).
Ibrahim, H.M. 2012. Response of some sunflower hybrids to different levels of plant density. APCBEE Procedia. 4: 175–182.
Jabari, H., G. Akbari, A. Daneshian, J. Alah dadi, and I. Shahbazian. 2007. Effect of water deficit stress on agronomic characteristics of sunflower hybrids. Agriculture Research. 9(1): 13-22.
Khamari, S., K. Ghasemi, H. Alyari, and S. Zehtab Salmasi. 2007. The effect of irrigation on phenology and yield of three sunflower cultivars in Tabriz. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. 14(6): 72-80.
Kocabas, I., M. Kaplan, M. Kurkcuoglu, and K.H.C. Baser. 2010. Effects of different organic manure applications on the essential oil components of Turkish sage (Salvia fruticosa mill). Asian Journal of Chemistry. 22(2): 1599-1605.
Koocheki, A., M. Hoseini, and A. Dezfoli. 2008. Constant agriculture. Mashhad University Publications. (In Persian).
Manivannan, P., C. Abdul Jaleel, Z. Chang-Xing, R. Somasundaram, M.M. Azooz, and R. Panneerselvam. 2008. Variations in growth and pigment composition of sunflower varieties under early season drought stress. Global Journal of Molecular Sciences. 3: 50-56.
Nasser, K.H., and B. El-Gizawy. 2009. Effects of nitrogen rate and planting density on agronomicnitrogen efficiency and maize yields following wheat and faba bean. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Science. 5: 378-386.
Pirasteh Anosheh, H., Y. Emam, and F. Jamali Ramin. 2011. Comparative effect of biofertilizers with chemical fertilizers on sunflower (Helianthus annuus) growth, yield and oil percentage in different drought stress levels. Journal of Agroecology. 2(3): 492-501. (In Persian).
Roshdi, M., H. Heidari Sharifabad, M. Karimi, G.H. Nourmohammadi, and F. Darvish. 2006. A srvey on the impact of water deficiency over the yield of sunflower seed cultivar and its components. Journal of Agricultural Science. 12(1): 109- 121.
Shokouhfar, A., and S. Khani. 2018. Investigation of combined effect of biological and chemical fertilizers of phosphorus and nitrogen on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sunflower (Helianthus annuus). Journal of Plant Production Science. 8(2): 83-93. (In Persian).
Soleimanzadeh, H., D. Habibi, M.R. Ardakani, F. Paknejad, and F. Rejali. 2010. Response of sunflower (Helianthus annuus ) to inoculation with azotobacter under different nitrogen levels. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. 7(3): 265-268.
Soleymani, F., and G. Ahmadvand. 2016. The effect of chemical, biological and organic nutritionaltreatments on sunflowers yield and yield components under water deficit stress. Journal of Agroecology. 8(1): 107-119.
Suzer, S. 2010. Effects of nitrogen and plant density on dwarf sunflower hybrids. Hellia. 33(53): 207-214.
Yousefpoor, Z., A.R. Yadavi, H.R. Balouchi, and H. Farajee. 2014. Evaluation of some physiological, morphologicaland phonological characteristics in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) influenced by biological and chemical sources of nitrogen and phosphorus. Agroecology. 6(3): 508-519. (In Persian).
