اثر سن نشا و میزان بذر مصرفی در خزانه بر صفات زراعی و عملکرد دانه برنج (Oryza sativa) رقم طارم هاشمی
الموضوعات : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
نوراله خیری
1
,
حمیدرضا مبصر
2
1 - دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران
2 - استادیار گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد قائمشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قائمشهر، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: عملکرد دانه, برنج, تراکم بذر, خزانه, سن نشا,
ملخص المقالة :
به‌منظور بررسی اثر سن نشا و میزان بذر مصرفی در خزانه بر صفات کمّی برنج رقم طارم هاشمی، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 1391 در شهرستان آمل، به‌صورت کرت‌های خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در 3 تکرار اجرا شد. سن نشا در سه سطح (20، 30 و 40 روزه) به‌عنوان عامل اصلی و چهار سطح میزان بذر مصرفی در خزانه (10، 30، 50 و 70 کیلوگرم در هکتار) به عنوان عامل فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. بر اساس نتایج این بررسی، اثر سن نشا بر طول پانیکول (خوشه)، تعداد کل پنجه و پنجه های بارور در کپه، درصد دانه پر، تعداد دانه پوک و شاخص برداشت معنی‌دار بود. تیمار میزان بذر مصرفی در خزانه فقط بر عملکرد دانه اثرگذار بود. همچنین، اثر متقابل تیمارهای آزمایش بر ارتفاع بوته، طول ساقه و خوشه، تعداد دانه پوک و شاخص برداشت معنی‌دار گردید. با افزایش سن نشا از 20 به 40 روز، از تعداد کل پنجه در کپه، تعداد پنجه های بارور، درصد دانه پر و شاخص برداشت کاسته شده و در مقابل طول پانیکول و تعداد گلچه پوک افزایش یافتند. بیشترین عملکرد دانه (3033 کیلوگرم در هکتار) با مصرف 30 کیلوگرم بذر در هکتار به دست آمد و با افزایش میزان بذر مصرفی، از 30 به 70 کیلوگرم در هکتار، عملکرد دانه حدود 15 درصد (2567 کیلوگرم در هکتار) کاهش یافت. با توجه به نتایج این تحقیق، برای دست یابی به توان عملکردی رقم طارم هاشمی، استفاده از نشاهای 20 روزه و مصرف 30 کیلوگرم بذر در هکتار مناسب تر است.
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