ارزیابی شاخص های تحمل به تنش کمبود آب در هیبریدهای ذرت
الموضوعات : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
جمیله سیدزوار
1
(دانش آموخته ی کارشناسی ارشد زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران)
مجید نوروزی
2
(استادیار گروه بهن‍‍ژادی و بیوتکنولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران)
سعید اهری‌زاد
3
(دانشیار گروه بهن‍‍ژادی و بیوتکنولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران)
الکلمات المفتاحية: عملکرد دانه, ذرت, تجزیه کلاستر, تجزیه به مؤلفه های اصلی, شاخص تحمل,
ملخص المقالة :
به منظور بررسی واکنش 14 هیبرید ذرت به سطوح مختلف تنش کمبود آب از نظر شاخص های تحمل به تنش، در سال زراعی 1389 آزمایشی به صورت کرت های خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز اجرا شد. کرت های اصلی شامل سطوح مختلف آبیاری (شاهد، تنش ملایم و تنش شدید) و کرت های فرعی دربرگیرنده هیبریدهای مورد ارزیابی بود. پنج شاخص تحمل به تنش برای صفت عملکرد دانه محاسبه شدند. در شرایط تنش ملایم کمبود آب از نظر شاخص های تحمل (TOL) و حساسیت به تنش کمبود آب (SSI)، هیبریدهای SC702، SC500 و K3647×K18 و در شرایط تنش شدید از نظر همین شاخص ها، هیبرید SC500 به عنوان متحمل ترین هیبریدها شناخته شدند. از نظر شاخص های تحمل به تنش (STI)، میانگین هندسی عملکرد (GMP) و میانگین حسابی عملکرد (MP) در هر دو شرایط تنش ملایم و شدید کمبود آب، هیبریدهای K166×K18، SC500، K3647×K18 و SC400 بیشترین تحمل را به تنش کمبود آب نشان دادند. شاخص های GMP و STI که دارای بیشترین همبستگی مثبت با عملکرد در شرایط تنش و
Abarshahr, M., B. Rabiei, and H. Samizadeh-Lahigi. 2011.Assessing genetic diversity of rice varieties under drought stress conditions. Notulae Scientia Biologicae.3:114-123.
Allen, R.G. 1996. Assessing integrity of weather data for reference evapotranspiration estimation. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering. 122: 97-106.
Anyia, A.O., and H. Herzog. 2004. Water-use efficiency, leaf area and leaf gas exchange of cowpeas under mid-season drought. European Journal of Agronomy. 20: 339-327.
Ashofteh beiragi, M., M. Ebrahimi, Kh. Mostafavi, M. Golbashy, and S. Khavari Khorasani. 2011. A Study of morphological basis of corn (Zea mays L.) yield under drought stress condition using correlation and path coefficient analysis. Journal of Cereals and Oilseeds. 2(2): 32-37.
Cakir, R. 2004. Effect of water stress at different development stages on vegetative and reproductive growth of corn. Field Crops Research. 89:1-16.
Campos, H., M. Cooper, J.E. Habben, G.O. Edmeades, and J.R. Schussler. 2004. Improving drought tolerance in maize: a view from industry. Field Crops Research. 90: 19-34.
Clark, J.M.R., M. Depauw, and T.F. Ownley-Smith. 1992. Evaluation of methods for quantification of drought tolerance in wheat. Crop Science. 32: 723-728.
Debaeke, P., and A. Aboudrare. 2004. Adaptation of crop management to water-limited environment. European Journal of Agronomy. 21: 433-446.
Emam, Y. 2011. Cereal production. Shiraz University Press. Fourth edition.190 pp. (In Persian).
Fernandez G.C.J. 1992. Effective selection criteria for assessing plant stress tolerance. In Proceeding of the Symposium. Taiwan, 13-16 Aug. pp. 257-270.
Gavuzzi, P., F. Rizza, M. Palumbo, R.G. Campaline, G.L. Ricciardi, and B. Borghi. 1997. Evaluation of field and laboratory predictors of drought and heat tolerance in winter cereals. Canadian Journal of Plant Scencei. 77: 523-531.
Golabadi, M., A. Arzani, and S.A.M. Maibody. 2006. Assessment of drought tolerance in segregating populations in durum wheat. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 5: 162–171.
Golbashy, M., M. Ebrahimi, S. Khavari Khorasani, and R. Choucan. 2010. Evaluation of drought tolerance of some corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids in Iran. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 5(19):2714-2719.
Golparvar, A.R., A. Majidi Heravan, and A. Ghasemi Pir Bloti. 2004. Genetic improvement of yield potential and drought resistance in wheat genotypes (T. aestivum). Journal of Dryness and Drought Agricultural Extension. 3: 23-13.
Gonzalez, A., V. Bermejo, and B.S. Gimeno. 2010. Effect of different physiological traits on grain yield in barley grown under irrigated and terminal water deficit conditions. Journal of Agricultural Science. 148: 319–328.
Hopkins, W.G., and N.P. Huner. 2004. Introduction to plant physiology (3ed). John Wiely & Sons. Inc. New York. 560 p.
Kalamian, S., A.M. Modares Sanavi, and A. Sepehri. 2005. Effect of water deficit at vegetative and reproductive growth stage in leafy and commercial hybrids of maize. Agricultural Research (Water, Soil and Plant). 5: 38-53. (In Persian).
Karam, F., R. Masaad, T. Sfeir, O. Mounzer, and Y. Rouphael. 2005. Evapotranspiration and seed yield of field grown soybean under deficit irrigation conditions. Agricultural and Water Management. 75(3): 226–244.
Khalil Zadeh, GH.R., and H. Karbalai Khiyav. 2002. Effects of drought and heat stress on advanced lines of durum wheat. 7th Congress of Agronomy and Plant Breeding of Iran. Agricultural Education Publishing. P: 563-564.
Martınez J.P., H. Silva, J.F. Ledent, and M. Pinto. 2007. Effect of drought stress on the osmotic adjustment, cell wall elasticity and cell volume of six cultivars of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Europen Journal of Agronomy. 26: 30-38.
Micheal, A.M., and T.P. Ojha. 1987. Principles of agricultural engineering. Jain Brothers Publisher, New Delhi. 2:320.
Moghaddam A., and M.H. Hadizadeh. 2002. Response of corn hybrids and their parental lines to drought using different stress tolerant indices. Iranian Journal of Seed Seedling. 18: 255–272. (In Persian).
Nabati, J., and B. Rezvani Moghaddam. 2006. Effect of different irrigation interval on quantitative and qualitative attributes of millet, sorghum and forage corn. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science. 37(1): 21-29. (In Persian(.
Nouri azhar, J., and P. Ehsanzedeh. 2007. Study of relationship of some gtowth indices and yield of five corn hybrids at two irrigation regim in Esfahan region. Journal of Science and Technology. 41:261-272.
Ober E.S., S. Setter, L. Tim, M.Y. James, J.F. Thompson, and P.S. Shapiro. 1991. Influence of water deficit on maize endosperm development. Plant Physiology. 97: 154-164.
Osborne, S.L., J.S. Schepers, D.D. Francis, and M.R. Schlemmer. 2002. Use of spectral radiance to in season biomass and grain yield in nitrogen and water- stressed corn. Crop Science. 42: 165-171.
Panda P.K., S.K. Behera, and P.S. Kashyap. 2004. Effective management of irrigation water for maize under stressed condition. Agricultural Water Management. 66(3): 181-203.
Pandey, R.K., J.W. Maranville, and M.M. Chetima. 2000. Deficit irrigation and nitrogen effects on maize in a Sahelian environment. II. Shoot growth. Agricultural Water Management. 46(1): 15–27.
Pinheiro, C., J.A. Passarinhoa, and C.P. Ricardo. 2004. Effect of drought and rewatering on the metabolism of Lupinus albus organs. Journal of Plant Physiology. 161: 1203-1210
Pirasteh-Anosheh, H., R. Moradi, A. Saed, and Y. Emam. 2010. Investigation of drought stress in different stages on yield and yield components of four maize hybrids. 1st International Conference on Water Recourses, Iran. P. 61. (In Persian).
Porwanto, E. 2003. Photosynthesis activity of soybean (Glycine max L.) under drought stress. Agronomy and Crop Science. 5(1): 1-18.
Rezaverdinejad, V., T. Sohrabi, and A.M. Liaghat. 2006. Study of deficit irrigation effect on corn forage yield at its growth stage. 1th National Congress of Irrigation and Drainage Nets. Ahvaz.
Richard R.A., A.G. Condon, and G.J. Rebetzke. 2002. Traits to improve yield in dry environment In: M.P. Reynolds., J.I. Ortiz- Monasterit, and A. McNab. (eds). Application of Physiology in Wheat Breeding. pp.88-100.
Rosille, A.A., and J. Hambilin. 1981. Theoretical aspects of selection for yield in stress and non-stress environments. Crop Science. 21: 43-46.
Sadegh-Zadeh Ahari, D. 2006. Evaluation of drought tolerance in durum wheat genotypes promising. Crop Science. 8(1): 30-44.
Shiri, M.R. 2000. The investigation of yield and yield component in wheat variety under water stress. M.Sc Thesis. Islamic Azad University, Ardabil Branch. 143 pp.
Sinaki, J.M., E. Majidi Heravan, A.H. Shirani Rad, G. Noormohamadi, and G. Zarei. 2007. The effects of water deficit during growth stages of canola (Brassica napus L.). American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. 2(4): 417- 424.
Tadayyoun, M.R., and Y. Emam. 2009. Cultural management under drought stress. National Drought Seminar, Issues and Mitigation, 13-15 May, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University. PP.156-171. (In Persian).
Tardieu, F., M. Reymond, P. Hamard, C. Granier, and B. Muller. 2000. Spatial distributions of expansion rate, cell division rate and cell size in maize leaves: a synthesis of the effects of soil water status, evaporative demand and temperature. Journal of Experimental Botany. 51:1505-1514.
van de Wouw, M., T. Van Hintum, C. Kik, R. Van Treuren, and B. Visser. 2010. Genetic diversity trends in twentieth century crop cultivars: a meta-analysis. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 120: 1241–1252.
Yazar, A., S. Sezen, and B. Gencel. 2002. Drip irrigation of corn in the Southeast Anatolia Project (GAP) area in Turkey. Irrigation and Drainage. 51:293-300.
