بررسی اکوفیزیولوژیک کشت مخلوط ذرت (.Zea mays L) و لوبیا چشم بلبلی (Vigna unguiculata L.) تحت تأثیر کودهای زیستی

الموضوعات : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

ایوب امیری ¹ (زابل دانشگاه زابل گروه زراعت)
محمود رمرودی ² (دانشیار گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران)
محمد گلوی ³ (استاد گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران)
مسعود رفیعی ⁴ (استادیار مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان لرستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، خرم‌آباد، ایران)

تاريخ الإرسال : 13 الأربعاء , جمادى الأولى, 1441 تاريخ التأكيد : 11 الإثنين , صفر, 1442 تاريخ الإصدار : 07 الأربعاء , جمادى الثانية, 1442

الکلمات المفتاحية: نسبت برابری زمین, ازتوباکتر, آزوسپریلیوم, نسبت کاشت, سودمندی مخلوط,

ملخص المقالة :

به منظور بررسی تأثیر مدیریت سیستم‌های مختلف کشت مخلوط ذرت سینگل کراس 640 و لوبیا چشم بلبلی رقم 29005 با استفاده از کودهای زیستی در کشت راهرویی، آزمایشی به صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در سال 1395 در استان لرستان، شهرستان الشتر اجرا گردید. عامل اصلی شامل نسبت‌های کاشت گیاهان: تک کشتی ذرت (M1)، 75 درصد ذرت + 25 درصد لوبیا (M2)، 50 درصد ذرت + 50 درصد لوبیا (M3)، 25 درصد ذرت + 75 درصد لوبیا (M4) و تک کشتی لوبیا (M5)، و عامل فرعی شامل مصرف کودهای زیستی: تلقیح بذر با باکتری ازتوباکتر و آزوسپریلیوم به میزان 100 (B1) و 200 (B2) گرم در هکتار و بدون تلقیح بذر با باکتری ازتوباکتر و آزوسپریلیوم (B3) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ذرت و لوبیا چشم بلبلی به طور معنی‌داری تحت تأثیر نسبت‌های کاشت و مصرف کودهای زیستی قرار گرفتند. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ذرت (350/11 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر) و ﻟﻮﺑﯿﺎ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺑﻠﺒﻠﯽ (250/3 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر) در تیمار 75 درصد ذرت + 25 درصد ﻟﻮﺑﯿﺎ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺑﻠﺒﻠﯽ ﺑﻪ‌دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. در ﺑﯿﻦ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎی ﮐﻮدی ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ذرت (850/11 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر) و ﻟﻮﺑﯿﺎ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺑﻠﺒﻠﯽ (450/3 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر) در تیمار تلقیح بذر با 200 گرم باکتری در هکتار حاصل شد. با محاسبه نسبت برابری زمین (LER) ملاحظه گردید که کشت مخلوط جهت حصول حداکثر عملکرد، این دو گیاه با نسبت کاشت (75 درصد ذرت + 25 درصد لوبیا) با میانگین 55/1 بیشترین مقدار را داشت که نشان دهنده سودمندی کشت مخلوط نسبت به کشت خالص این دو گیاه بود. با توجه به نتایج حاصل، امکان حصول عملکرد دانه و زیستی بالا در کشت مخلوط نسبت به تک کشتی آنها فراهم بوده و بهترین تیمار 75 درصد ذرت + 25 درصد لوبیاچشم بلبلی و تلقیح بذر با 200 گرم باکتری در هکتار می‌باشد.

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