واکنش عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و غلظت عناصر غذایی زیره سبز (Cuminum cyminum L) به همزیستی با گونه‌های قارچ میکوریزا تحت تنش شوری
الموضوعات : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعیمدینه بیژنی 1 , پرویز یدالهی ده چشمه 2 , مسلم حیدری 3 , مهدی قنواتی 4
1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد آگرواکولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، ایران
2 - واحد شهرکرد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان، شهرکرد، ایران
3 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، ایران
4 - عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه پیام نور زاهدان، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: عملکرد دانه, گیاه دارویی, تنش, همزیستی,
ملخص المقالة :
به منظور بررسی تأثیر همزیستی میکوریزا در سطوح مختلف تنش شوری بر رشد، عملکرد و غلظت عناصر غذایی تجمع یافته در گیاه زیره سبز، آزمایشی به صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه زابل در سال 1392 انجام شد. تیمارها شامل آبیاری با آب شور در سه سطح (1 [شاهد]، 5 و 10 دسی زیمنس بر متر) به عنـوان عـامل اصلـی و همـــزیستی با سه گونه ی میکوریزا (Glomus intraradices,hoiG. ،G.etanicatum) و بدون قارچ به عنوان عامل فرعی بودند. تاثیر تنش شوری بر تمام خصوصیات مورد مطالعه به جز تعداد چتر در بوته معنی دار بود، به طوری که تنش شدید (10 دسی زیمنس بر متر) وزن هزار دانه، تعداد دانه در چتر، فسفر، کلسیم و منیزیم دانه را به ترتیب 17.71 ، 11.40، 14.95، 46.08 و 13.60 درصد نسبت به شاهد کاهش داد. با کاربرد قارچ‌های میکوریزا، بیشترین تعداد دانه در چتر و فسفر دانه به ترتیب با 28.4 و 54.4 % افزایش نسبت به عدم شاهد در گونه G. intraradices و تعداد چتر در بوته با میانگین 9.7 عدد در گونه G. etanicatum حاصل شد. آغشته کردن گیاه با گونه های قارچ میکوریزا بر میزان کلسیم، منیزیم و وزن هزار دانه تاثیر معنی داری نداشت. اثر متقابل میکوریزا و تنش شوری بر غلظت سدیم، پتاسم، و نسبت Na/K و همچنین عملکرد دانه و تعداد دانه در بوته معنی دار بود. در بین سه گونه قارچ مورد استفاده در شرایط تنش شدید (10 دسی زیمنس بر متر)، گونه G. intraradices عملکرد دانه و تعداد دانه در بوته را به ترتیب 28.5 و 47.6 درصد نسبت به شاهد افزایش داد. لذا، می‌توان چنین بیان داشت که همزیستی میکوریزایی اغلب منجر به بهبود حرکت آب به داخل گیاه میزبان می‌گردد و گیاهان تحت رژیم‌های مختلف شوری وابستگی زیادی به میکوریزا جهت افزایش عملکرد دارند.
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