بررسی عملکرد دانه و برخی خصوصیات بیـوشیمیایی پنج رقم نخود (.Cicer arietinum L) تحت تنش خشکی در منطقه کرمانشاه
الموضوعات : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
سیدمحمد ناصح حسینی
1
(فرهیخته‌ی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران)
محسن سعیدی
2
(دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران)
سیروس منصوری فر
3
(دانشیار گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور البرز، کرج، ایران)
الکلمات المفتاحية: عملکرد, کلروفیل, تنش کم آبی, آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدان, کاروتنوئیدها,
ملخص المقالة :
به منظور بررسی تغییرات بیوشیمیایی ناشی از تنش کم آبی در نخود، آزمایشی به صورت کرت های خرد شده و در قالب طرح پایه بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه اجرا شد. عامل اصلی تنش کم آبی با سه سطح شامل: 1- تنش کم آبی ابتدای گلدهی تا رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک، 2- تنش کم آبی از ابتدای غلاف دهی تا رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک، 3- آبیاری مطلوب و عامل فرعی پنج رقم نخود شامل آرمان، آزاد، بیونیج، هاشم و ILC482 بودند. بر اساس نتایج، تنش کم آبی در هر دو سطح موجب کاهش معنی دار محتوی کلروفیل ها و کاروتنوئیدها و افزایش معنی دار فعالیت آنزیم های آنتی اکسیدان نظیر: پراکسیداز، کاتالاز و سوپراکسیددیسموتاز در برگ ها در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد شد. بنابراین، بین فعالیت آنزی م های آنتی اکسیدان با میزان آب قابل استفاده در خاک رابطه ی منفی وجود داشت و فعالیت آنها با افزایش شدت تنش کم آبی به طور معنی داری افزایش یافت. عملکرد دانه به طور معنی داری تحت تأثیر کمبود آب قرار گرفت و تیمار تنش کم آبی از زمان ابتدای گلدهی تا رسیدگی، بیشتر از دیگر تیمار تنش کم آبی (ابتدای غلاف دهی تا رسیدگی) موجب کاهش عملکرد دانه، به ترتیب 36 و 15 درصد، نسبت به شرایط بدون تنش شد. در بین ارقام مورد بررسی، تحت تنش کم آبی از شروع گلدهی، رقم ILC482 با عملکرد دانه به میزان 715 (کیلوگرم در هکتار) و در شرایط عدم وجود تنش، رقم آرمان با عملکرد دانه به مقدار 1355 (کیلوگرم در هکتار) عملکرد مناسب تری از خود نشان دادند. ILC482، آزاد و بیونیج به عنوان ارقام با عملکرد بالاتر در شرایط وقوع تنش کم آبی در هر دو تیمار تنش کم آبی، همچنین دارای محتوی بیشتر رنگیزه ها و سرعت فعالیت بیشتر آنزیم های آنتی اکسیدان در برگ های خود بودند. نتایج حاصله حاکی از اثرات مثبت محتوای رنگیزه های گیاهی و فعالیت آنزیم های آنتی اکسیدان جهت افزایش توان تحملی نخود برای تداوم رشد و حفظ عملکرد قابل قبول در شرایط تنش خشکی بود.
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· Krishnamurthy, A., and B. Rathinasabapathi. 2013. Oxidative stress tolerance in plants: novel interplay between auxin and reactive oxygen species signaling. Plant Signaling and Behavior. 8(5): 257-261.
· Lichtenthaler, H., and A.R. Wellburn. 1983. Determination of total carotenoids and chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b leaf extracts in different solvents. Biochemical Society Transactions. 603: 591-592.
· Mafakheri A., A. Sio-Semardeh, B. Bahramnejad, and Y. Sohrabi. 2010. Effect of drought stress on yield, proline and chlorophyll contents in three chickpea cultivars. Australian Journal of Crop Science. 4(8): 580-585.
· Mafakheri, A., A. Sio-Semardeh, B. Bahramnejad, P.C. Struik, and Y. Sohrabi. 2011. Effect of drought stress and subsequent recovery on protein, carbohydrate contents, catalase, and peroxidase activities in three chickpea (Cicer arietinum) cultivars. Australian Journal of Crop Science. 5(10): 1255-1260.
Maiti, R.K., S. Moreno-Limon, and P. Wesche-Ebeling. 2000. Responses of some crops to various abiotic stress factors and its physiological and biochemical basis of resistances. Agricultural Reviews. 21: 155-167.
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