بهبود خصوصیات زراعی و کیفی ژنوتیپ های گندم دوروم (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) با کاربرد سولفات روی در شرایط تنش کمبود روی
الموضوعات : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
عزت اله اسفندیاری
1
(گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران)
مجید عبدلی
2
(باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد زنجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زنجان ایران)
الکلمات المفتاحية: گندم, پروتئین دانه, اسید فیتیک, غنی‌سازی زیستی, کمبود روی,
ملخص المقالة :
به منظور بررسی اثرات کاربرد خارجی عنصر روی بر عملکرد دانه و برخی از ویژگی‌های کیفی آن در خاک آهکی، آزمایشی گلدانی در سال زراعی 1393 به‌صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه مراغه اجرا شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل 4 ژنوتیپ گندم دوروم و 2 سطح کاربرد خارجی سولفات روی (شاهد و کاربرد خاکی به همراه اسپری برگی در مراحل ساقه‌روی + آغاز پرشدن دانه) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد خارجی روی توانست میزان عملکرد بیولوژیک و دانه ژنوتیپ RCOL را به‌ترتیب در حدود 2 و 4 برابر در مقایسه با شاهد افزایش داد درحالی‌که در سایر ژنوتیپ های مورد مطالعه کاربرد عنصر روی بر عملکرد بیولوژیک و دانه تأثیر معنی‌داری نداشت. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده، بیشترین افزایش وزن هزار دانه در اثر کاربرد عنصر روی به میزان 7/20 درصد در ژنوتیپ RCOL صورت گرفت. در بین ژنوتیپ‌ها بیشترین میزان کاهش نسبت مولی اسید فیتیک به روی در ژنوتیپ Ege-88 مشاهده شد و این نسبت از 2/52 در شاهد به 4/8 در شرایط کاربرد روی رسید که این امر نشانگر واکنش متفاوت ژنوتیپ های گندم دوروم به شرایط محیطی از جمله کمبود روی در خاک است. نتایج حاصل همچنین نشان داد که کاربرد خارجی سولفات روی سبب افزایش 7/22 درصدی تعداد دانه در سنبله و کاهش 3/62 درصدی میزان اسید فیتیک شد. همچنین با کاربرد سولفات روی غلظت روی دانه از 9/29 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم در شرایط شاهد به 7/64 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم رسید. به‌طور کلی اگرچه کاربرد خارجی عنصر روی منجر به افزایش عملکرد همه ژنوتیپ‌های مورد مطالعه نشد اما با تأثیر بر پارامترهای مورد مطالعه میزان کیفی عملکرد را بهبود داد. لذا، اگرچه برای اطمینان از نتایج حاصل انجام آزمایشات دیگری لازم است ولی، می‌توان استفاده از کاربرد خارجی روی را روش مناسبی برای بهبود همزمان عملکرد کمی و کیفی دانست.
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