شناسایی و اندازه‌گیری فیتواسترول‌ها در ماست به‌روش کروماتوگرافی‌گازی
الموضوعات :
مریم جدی
1
(دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد علوم و صنایع غذایی، واحد سراب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، سراب، ایران)
جلیل خندقی
2
(استادیار گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، واحد سراب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، سراب، ایران)
تاريخ الإرسال : 30 الجمعة , جمادى الأولى, 1439
تاريخ التأكيد : 04 الإثنين , شوال, 1439
تاريخ الإصدار : 14 الخميس , رجب, 1440
الکلمات المفتاحية:
ماست,
فیتواسترول,
کروماتوگرافی‌گازی,
کروماتوگرافی لایه نازک,
ملخص المقالة :
استرول‌ها بزرگترین جزء ترکیبات غیرصابونیشونده لیپیدها را تشکیل می‌دهند. عمده‌ترین ترکیبات استرولی چربیها و روغن‌های گیاهی، فیتواسترول‌ها هستند که فراوان‌ترین انواع آنها در گیاهان عبارتند از سیتواسترول، کمپسترول و استیگماسترول. انواع ماست بخصوص ماستهای پرچرب یکی از غذاهای مناسب حامل استرول‌های گیاهی می‌باشد. در این مطالعه کلسترول و ۴ ترکیب فیتواسترولی ۶۲ نوع ماست مختلف در شهر تبریز شناسایی و اندازه‌گیری شده‌است. برای این‌منظور پس‌از صابونی کردن و استخراج مایع-مایع نمونه‌ها، مواد غیرصابونیشونده با روش کروماتوگرافی لایه نازک خالص سازی و به‌روش کروماتوگرافی‌گازی با آشکارساز یونیزاسیون شعله‌ای، بدون مرحله مشتق‌سازی شناسایی شدند. مراحل صابونی کردن بهینه‌سازی و اعتبار سنجی گردید. روش مذکور آسان، سریع و تکرارپذیر بوده و از کارائی بالایی در تشخیص استرول‌ها در نمونه‌های ماست برخوردار است. بیشترین ترکیب استرولی در نمونه‌های ماست کلسترول (۶۵ تا ۹۹ درصد) بوده و از بین استرول‌های گیاهی، کمپسترول (۷/۴ درصد) و پس از آن براسیکاسترول (۰۸/۲ درصد) غالب بودند. بر اساس استاندار‌های ملی ایران، در مجموع ۴۶ نمونه ماست (۲/۷۴ درصد) غیر قابل مصرف تشخیص داده شد.
المصادر:
Azadmard-Damirchi, S. (2010). Review of the use of phytosterols as a detection tool for adulteration of olive oil with hazelnut oil. Food Additive and Contaminants, 27(1): 1-10.
Carreraa, F., Leon-Camachob, M., Pablosa, F. and Gonzalez, A.G. (1998). Authentication of green coffee varieties according to their sterolic profile. Analytica Chimica Acta, 370: 131-139.
Cynthia, T.S. and Ermias, A.H. (2015). Quantification of plant sterols/stanols in foods and dietary supplements containing added phytosterols. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 40: 163–176.
Derakhshan-Honarparvar, M., Hamedi, M.M. and Pirouzifard, M.Kh. (2010). Rice bran phytosterols of three widespread iranian cultivars. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 12: 167-172.
Domeno, C., Ruiz, B. and Nerin, C. (2005). Determination of sterols in biological samples by SPME with on-fiber derivatization and GC/FID. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 381: 1576-1583.
Duong, S., Strobel, N., Buddhadasa, S., Stockham, K., Auldist, M., Wales, B. et al. (2016). Rapid measurement of phytosterols in fortified food using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. Food Chemistry, 211: 570–576.
Farajzadeh, M.A., Nouri, N. and Khorram, P. (2014). Derivatization and microextraction methods for determination of organic compounds by gas chromatography (Review). Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 55: 14–23.
Fathi-Achachlouei, B., Alirezalu, K., Azadmard-Damirchi, S. (2016). Evaluation of oil content, fatty acids profile and phytosterols of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum L.) oil in several different ecotypes in north -west of Iran. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 52(13): 25-34.
Georgios, P.D., Aristidis, S.T., Caminb, F., Brusicc, V. and Georgioua, C.A. (2016). Food authentication: techniques, trends & emerging approaches. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 85: 123- 132.
Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran (2009). Anhydrous milk fat– Determination of sterol composition by gas liquid chromatography (Reference method). 1st edition, ISIRI No. 11880. [In Persian]
Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran. (2016). Pasteurized butter-Specifications and test methods. 6th revision, ISIRI No. 162. [In Persian]
Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran. (2016). Pasteurized & UHT cream-Specifications & test method. Amendment No.1, ISIRI No. 191. [In Persian]
Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran. (2008). Yogurt – Specifications and test methods. 4th revision, ISIRI No. 695. [In Persian]
Kamal-Eldin, A. and Appelqvist, L.A. (1994). Variations in the composition of sterols, tocopherols and lignans in seed oils from 4 sesamum species. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society, 71(2): 149–156.
Lagarda, M.J., Garcıa-Llatas, G. and Farre, R. (2006). Analysis of phytosterols in foods (Review). Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 41: 1486–1496.
Moreau, R.A., Whitaker, B.D. and Hicks, K.B. (2002). Phytosterols, phytostanols and their conjugates in foods: structural diversity, quantitative analysis and health promoting uses. Progress in Lipid Research, 41: 457–500.
Piironen, V., Lindsay, D.G., Miettinen, T.A., Toivo, J. and Lampi, A.M. (2000). Plant sterols: biosynthesis , biological function and their importance to human nutrition. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 80(7): 939-966.
Piironen, V., Toivo, J. and Lampi, A.M. (2002). Plant sterols in cereals and cereal products. Cereal Chemistry, 79: 148–154.
Santos, R., Limas, E., Sousa, M., Castilho, M.C., Ramos, F. and Silveira, M.I.N. (2007). Optimization of analytical procedures for GC–MS determination of phytosterols and phytostanols in enriched milk and yoghurt. Food Chemistry, 102: 113–117.
Saraiva, D., da Conceição Castilho, M., do Rosário Martins, M., da Silveira M.I.N. and Ramos F. (2011). Evaluation of phytosterols in milk and yogurts used as functional foods in Portugal. Food Analitical Methods, 4: 28–34.
Tamime, A.Y. and Deeth, H. (1980). Yogurt: Technology and biochemistry. Journal of Food Protection, 43: 939-977.
Tsape, K., Sinanoglou, V.J., Miniadis-Meimaroglou, S. (2010). Comparative analysis of the fatty acid and sterol profiles of widely consumed Mediterranean crustacean species. Food Chemistry, 122: 292–299.
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Azadmard-Damirchi, S. (2010). Review of the use of phytosterols as a detection tool for adulteration of olive oil with hazelnut oil. Food Additive and Contaminants, 27(1): 1-10.
Carreraa, F., Leon-Camachob, M., Pablosa, F. and Gonzalez, A.G. (1998). Authentication of green coffee varieties according to their sterolic profile. Analytica Chimica Acta, 370: 131-139.
Cynthia, T.S. and Ermias, A.H. (2015). Quantification of plant sterols/stanols in foods and dietary supplements containing added phytosterols. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 40: 163–176.
Derakhshan-Honarparvar, M., Hamedi, M.M. and Pirouzifard, M.Kh. (2010). Rice bran phytosterols of three widespread iranian cultivars. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 12: 167-172.
Domeno, C., Ruiz, B. and Nerin, C. (2005). Determination of sterols in biological samples by SPME with on-fiber derivatization and GC/FID. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 381: 1576-1583.
Duong, S., Strobel, N., Buddhadasa, S., Stockham, K., Auldist, M., Wales, B. et al. (2016). Rapid measurement of phytosterols in fortified food using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. Food Chemistry, 211: 570–576.
Farajzadeh, M.A., Nouri, N. and Khorram, P. (2014). Derivatization and microextraction methods for determination of organic compounds by gas chromatography (Review). Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 55: 14–23.
Fathi-Achachlouei, B., Alirezalu, K., Azadmard-Damirchi, S. (2016). Evaluation of oil content, fatty acids profile and phytosterols of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum L.) oil in several different ecotypes in north -west of Iran. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 52(13): 25-34.
Georgios, P.D., Aristidis, S.T., Caminb, F., Brusicc, V. and Georgioua, C.A. (2016). Food authentication: techniques, trends & emerging approaches. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 85: 123- 132.
Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran (2009). Anhydrous milk fat– Determination of sterol composition by gas liquid chromatography (Reference method). 1st edition, ISIRI No. 11880. [In Persian]
Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran. (2016). Pasteurized butter-Specifications and test methods. 6th revision, ISIRI No. 162. [In Persian]
Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran. (2016). Pasteurized & UHT cream-Specifications & test method. Amendment No.1, ISIRI No. 191. [In Persian]
Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran. (2008). Yogurt – Specifications and test methods. 4th revision, ISIRI No. 695. [In Persian]
Kamal-Eldin, A. and Appelqvist, L.A. (1994). Variations in the composition of sterols, tocopherols and lignans in seed oils from 4 sesamum species. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society, 71(2): 149–156.
Lagarda, M.J., Garcıa-Llatas, G. and Farre, R. (2006). Analysis of phytosterols in foods (Review). Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 41: 1486–1496.
Moreau, R.A., Whitaker, B.D. and Hicks, K.B. (2002). Phytosterols, phytostanols and their conjugates in foods: structural diversity, quantitative analysis and health promoting uses. Progress in Lipid Research, 41: 457–500.
Piironen, V., Lindsay, D.G., Miettinen, T.A., Toivo, J. and Lampi, A.M. (2000). Plant sterols: biosynthesis , biological function and their importance to human nutrition. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 80(7): 939-966.
Piironen, V., Toivo, J. and Lampi, A.M. (2002). Plant sterols in cereals and cereal products. Cereal Chemistry, 79: 148–154.
Santos, R., Limas, E., Sousa, M., Castilho, M.C., Ramos, F. and Silveira, M.I.N. (2007). Optimization of analytical procedures for GC–MS determination of phytosterols and phytostanols in enriched milk and yoghurt. Food Chemistry, 102: 113–117.
Saraiva, D., da Conceição Castilho, M., do Rosário Martins, M., da Silveira M.I.N. and Ramos F. (2011). Evaluation of phytosterols in milk and yogurts used as functional foods in Portugal. Food Analitical Methods, 4: 28–34.
Tamime, A.Y. and Deeth, H. (1980). Yogurt: Technology and biochemistry. Journal of Food Protection, 43: 939-977.
Tsape, K., Sinanoglou, V.J., Miniadis-Meimaroglou, S. (2010). Comparative analysis of the fatty acid and sterol profiles of widely consumed Mediterranean crustacean species. Food Chemistry, 122: 292–299.
