ارزیابی تأثیر استفاده از یک دوز کراک بر فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی سرم در موش‌صحرایی
الموضوعات :
ندا جلیلی تبریزی
1
(دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد بیوشیمی، واحد اهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهر، ایران.)
بهرام عمواوغلی تبریزی
2
(دانشیار گروه علوم درمانگاهی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران.)
تاريخ الإرسال : 03 الثلاثاء , جمادى الثانية, 1441
تاريخ التأكيد : 29 الثلاثاء , رجب, 1441
تاريخ الإصدار : 26 الثلاثاء , جمادى الأولى, 1441
الکلمات المفتاحية:
آنتی‌اکسیدان,
کراک,
سرم خون,
موش‌صحرایی,
ملخص المقالة :
امروزه یکی از مشکلات کشورهای جهان، استفاده از مواد مخدر از‌جمله کراک می باشد. کراک که گاهی راک هم نامیده می شود، ماده‌ای محرک است که از تصفیه کوکایین به دست می آید اما در ایران ناشی از مشتقات هرویین است. مصرف کنندگان نسبت به مردم عادی دارای اختلالات روانی بالایی هستند. هدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسی تأثیر مصرف یک دوز کراک بر سیستم آنتی‌اکسیدانی سرم خون در موش صحرایی بود. 30 سر موش صحرایی نر نژاد ویستار با میانگین وزنی 25 ±250 گرم انتخاب و در 5 گروه 6 تایی در آکواریوم شیشه‌ای با 12 ساعت روشنایی و 12 ساعت تاریکی و شرایط یکسان تغذیه‌ای و دسترسی آزاد به آب نگه داری شدند. بعد از عادت کردن موش های مذکور به محیط، کراک با دوز mg/kg 8/7 به 4 گروه تیمار به‌روش داخل صفاقی تزریق شد. در گروه شاهد فقط سرم فیزیولوژی استفاده گردید. از گروه اول 3 ساعت، گروه دوم 6 ساعت، گروه سوم 24 ساعت و گروه چهارم 1 هفته بعد از تزریق، خون‌گیری از ورید دم بعد از بیهوشی انجام گردید. در گروه شاهد نیز در روز اول خون‌گیری به‌عمل آمد. همزمان یک نمونه خونی اخذشده از هر حیوان با ماده ضد انعقاد آماده شد. در ادامه فعالیت آنزیم‌های سوپراکسید دیسموتاز، کاتالاز و گلوتاتیون پراکسیداز سنجیده شد. میزان آنتی‌اکسیدان‌ها در زمان های 6 و 24 ساعت بعد از تزریق، کاهش آماری معنی‌داری نسبت به گروه شاهد داشت (05/0 p <). نتایج مطالعه نشان داد کراک می‌تواند با افزایش تولید اکسیدان‌ها در بدن سیستم آنتی‌اکسیدانی را با مشکل مواجه کرده و فعالیت آن را کاهش دهد.
المصادر:
Aebi, H. (1984). Catalase in vitro. Methods in Enzymology, Academic Press, pp: 121-126.
Amiri, M., Khosravi, A. and Chaman, R. (2010). Drug abuse pattern and high risk behaviors among addicts in Shahroud county of Semnan province, Northeast Iran in 2009. Journal of Research in Health Sciences, 10(2): 104-109.
Almasi ghidari, A. (2014). Effects of Crack-Cocaine and vitamin C on spatial memory and oxidative stress in male rats for receiving master of animal physiology and biology. A dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in animal biology. Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences. [In Persian]
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Amouoghli Tabrizi, B. and Mohajeri, D. (2015). Protective effects of Crocin on experimental hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in the Rat. Journal of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 9(34): 103-116. [In Persian]
Dowling, G.P., McDonough, E.T. and Bost, R.O. (1987). Eve and ecstasy: A report of five deaths associated with the use of MDEA and MDMA. JAMA Clinical Challenge, 257(12): 1615-1617.
Eskandarieh, S., Nikfarjam, A., Tarjoman, T., Nasehi, A., Jafari, F. and Saberi-Zafarghandi, M.B. (2013). Descriptive aspects of injection drug users in Iran’s national harm reduction program by methadone maintenance treatment. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 42(6): 588-593.
Farhoudian, A., Sadeghi, M., Vishteh, H.R.K., Moazen, B., Fekri, M. and Movaghar, A.R. (2014). Component analysis of Iranian crack; a newly abused narcotic substance in Iran. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 13(1): 337-344.
Fatollahzadeh, M. and Amouoghli Tabrizi, B. (2018). The effect of a single dose of crack used by Iranian drug addicts on phagocytosis response of neutrophils in Rats. Journal of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 12(48): 369-377. [In Persian]
Harvey-Lewis, C., Brisebois, A.D., Yong, H. and Franklin, K.B. (2015). Naloxone-precipitated withdrawal causes an increase in impulsivity in morphine-dependent Rats. Behavioral Pharmacology, 26(3): 326-329.
Huang, D., Ou, B. and Prior, R.L. (2005). The chemistry behind antioxidant capacity assays. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53(6): 1841-1856.
Jansen, K.L. (1999). Ecstasy (MDMA) dependence. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 53(2): 121-124.
Kraus, R.J. and Ganther, H.E. (1980). Reaction of cyanide with glutathione peroxidase. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 96(3): 1116-1122.
Karampour Gebchag, Z., Meysam Abtahi Froushani, M. and Farokhi F. (2019). The effect of mucilage extracted from the fruit of Abelmoschus Esculentus on serum glucose and lipid levels and reorganization of beta cells in diabetic rats. Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism, 18(1): 9-18.
Lipaus, I.F.S., Gomes, E.F., Martins, C.W., e Silva, C.M., Pires, R.G.W., et al. (2019). Impairment of spatial working memory and oxidative stress induced by repeated crack cocaine inhalation in rats. Behavioral Brain Research, 359: 910-917.
Nazeri S., Hedayati, M. and Ahmadvand, H. (2013). The comparison of serum antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase and catalase activity of cigarette smokers to nonsmokers. Yafte, 15(3): 70-75. [In Persian]
Pleban, P.A., Munyani, A. and Beachum, J. (1982). Determination of selenium concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity in plasma and erythrocytes. Clinical Chemistry, 28(2): 311-316.
Prohaska, J.R. and Ganther, H.E. (1977). Glutathione peroxidase activity of glutathione-S-transferases purified from rat liver. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 76(2): 437-445.
Saugstad, O.D. (2000). Therapy in free radical disease in the newborn. Current Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 10(2): 103-108.
Scheibmeir, H.D., Christensen, K., Whitaker, S.H., Jegaethesan, J., Clancy, R. and Pierce, J.D. (2005). A review of free radicals and antioxidants for critical care nurses. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, 21(1): 24-28.
Vahabzadeh Baroque, F. (2013). Investigation of oxidative stress indices in opium addicts. Ph.D. Thesis, Islamic Azad University, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Faculty of Pharmacy. [In Persian]
Valko, M., Leibfritz, D., Moncol, J., Cronin, M.T., Mazur, M. and Telser, J. (2007). Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human diseases. The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, 39(1): 44-84.
Woolliams, J.A., Wiener G., Anderson, P.H. and McMurray, C.H. (1983). Variation in the activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase and in the concentration of copper in the blood in various breed crosses of sheep. Research in Veterinary Science, 34(3): 253-256.
Zaparte, A., Viola, T.W., Grassi-Oliveira, R., da Silva Morrone, M., Moreira, J.C. and Bauer, M.E. (2015). Early abstinence of Crack-Cocaine is effective to attenuate oxidative stress and to improve antioxidant defenses. Psychopharmacology, 232(8): 1405-1413.
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Aebi, H. (1984). Catalase in vitro. Methods in Enzymology, Academic Press, pp: 121-126.
Amiri, M., Khosravi, A. and Chaman, R. (2010). Drug abuse pattern and high risk behaviors among addicts in Shahroud county of Semnan province, Northeast Iran in 2009. Journal of Research in Health Sciences, 10(2): 104-109.
Almasi ghidari, A. (2014). Effects of Crack-Cocaine and vitamin C on spatial memory and oxidative stress in male rats for receiving master of animal physiology and biology. A dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in animal biology. Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences. [In Persian]
Amouoghli-Tabrizi, B., Khayat-Nori, H., Asadzade, K., Zargarzade, A., Mousavi, Gh., Rezapour kargari, A., et al. (2008). 'Study of the effect of 3, 4 methylenedioxymeth amphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy) on the serumic levels of urea, creatinine, total protein and albumin in the dog'. Journal of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 2(5): 43-48. [In Persian]
Amouoghli Tabrizi, B. and Mohajeri, D. (2015). Protective effects of Crocin on experimental hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in the Rat. Journal of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 9(34): 103-116. [In Persian]
Dowling, G.P., McDonough, E.T. and Bost, R.O. (1987). Eve and ecstasy: A report of five deaths associated with the use of MDEA and MDMA. JAMA Clinical Challenge, 257(12): 1615-1617.
Eskandarieh, S., Nikfarjam, A., Tarjoman, T., Nasehi, A., Jafari, F. and Saberi-Zafarghandi, M.B. (2013). Descriptive aspects of injection drug users in Iran’s national harm reduction program by methadone maintenance treatment. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 42(6): 588-593.
Farhoudian, A., Sadeghi, M., Vishteh, H.R.K., Moazen, B., Fekri, M. and Movaghar, A.R. (2014). Component analysis of Iranian crack; a newly abused narcotic substance in Iran. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 13(1): 337-344.
Fatollahzadeh, M. and Amouoghli Tabrizi, B. (2018). The effect of a single dose of crack used by Iranian drug addicts on phagocytosis response of neutrophils in Rats. Journal of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 12(48): 369-377. [In Persian]
Harvey-Lewis, C., Brisebois, A.D., Yong, H. and Franklin, K.B. (2015). Naloxone-precipitated withdrawal causes an increase in impulsivity in morphine-dependent Rats. Behavioral Pharmacology, 26(3): 326-329.
Huang, D., Ou, B. and Prior, R.L. (2005). The chemistry behind antioxidant capacity assays. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53(6): 1841-1856.
Jansen, K.L. (1999). Ecstasy (MDMA) dependence. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 53(2): 121-124.
Kraus, R.J. and Ganther, H.E. (1980). Reaction of cyanide with glutathione peroxidase. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 96(3): 1116-1122.
Karampour Gebchag, Z., Meysam Abtahi Froushani, M. and Farokhi F. (2019). The effect of mucilage extracted from the fruit of Abelmoschus Esculentus on serum glucose and lipid levels and reorganization of beta cells in diabetic rats. Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism, 18(1): 9-18.
Lipaus, I.F.S., Gomes, E.F., Martins, C.W., e Silva, C.M., Pires, R.G.W., et al. (2019). Impairment of spatial working memory and oxidative stress induced by repeated crack cocaine inhalation in rats. Behavioral Brain Research, 359: 910-917.
Nazeri S., Hedayati, M. and Ahmadvand, H. (2013). The comparison of serum antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase and catalase activity of cigarette smokers to nonsmokers. Yafte, 15(3): 70-75. [In Persian]
Pleban, P.A., Munyani, A. and Beachum, J. (1982). Determination of selenium concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity in plasma and erythrocytes. Clinical Chemistry, 28(2): 311-316.
Prohaska, J.R. and Ganther, H.E. (1977). Glutathione peroxidase activity of glutathione-S-transferases purified from rat liver. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 76(2): 437-445.
Saugstad, O.D. (2000). Therapy in free radical disease in the newborn. Current Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 10(2): 103-108.
Scheibmeir, H.D., Christensen, K., Whitaker, S.H., Jegaethesan, J., Clancy, R. and Pierce, J.D. (2005). A review of free radicals and antioxidants for critical care nurses. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, 21(1): 24-28.
Vahabzadeh Baroque, F. (2013). Investigation of oxidative stress indices in opium addicts. Ph.D. Thesis, Islamic Azad University, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Faculty of Pharmacy. [In Persian]
Valko, M., Leibfritz, D., Moncol, J., Cronin, M.T., Mazur, M. and Telser, J. (2007). Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human diseases. The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, 39(1): 44-84.
Woolliams, J.A., Wiener G., Anderson, P.H. and McMurray, C.H. (1983). Variation in the activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase and in the concentration of copper in the blood in various breed crosses of sheep. Research in Veterinary Science, 34(3): 253-256.
Zaparte, A., Viola, T.W., Grassi-Oliveira, R., da Silva Morrone, M., Moreira, J.C. and Bauer, M.E. (2015). Early abstinence of Crack-Cocaine is effective to attenuate oxidative stress and to improve antioxidant defenses. Psychopharmacology, 232(8): 1405-1413.
