ارائه الگویی برای توسعه و عملیاتی شدن کارآفرینی در دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی
الموضوعات : Education Managementسعید مظفری 1 , محمود ابوالقاسمی 2 , غلامرضا شریفی راد 3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری گروه مدیریت آموزشی، واحد قم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قم، ایران.
2 - دانشیارگروه رهبری و توسعه آموزشی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
3 - استادگروه مدیریت آموزشی، واحد قم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قم، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی, ذهنیت کارآفرینانه, دانشگاه خود مولد, سرخوردگی اتکا بر مطلق دانش, مأموریتهای اقتصادی و اجتماعی,
ملخص المقالة :
نقش دانشگاهها در توسعه اقتصادی و اجتماعی در سالهای اخیر، موضوع بحث محققان و سیاستگذاران آموزش عالی بوده؛ بهطوریکه در نظر آنان، دانشگاههای کارآفرین بهعنوان بازیگر کلیدی رقابت، رشد اقتصادی و ثروت شناخته میشوند. در این راستا پژوهش آمیختۀ (کیفی - کمی) حاضر، به ارائۀ الگویی برای توسعه و عملیاتی شدن کارآفرینی در دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی پرداخته است. در بخش آمار کیفی، نمونه آماری شامل 20 نفرازمسئولان دانشگاه، مدیران کارآفرین، استادان، مدیران پارک علم و فناوری، متخصصان در حوزه کارآفرینی، مدیران شرکتهای دانشبنیان، شرکتهای خصوصی، مسئولان آموزش بازرگانی، ریاست پارک علم و فناوری، مدیرعامل شرکت رباتیک و دانشجویان بودند که بهصورت هدفمند انتخاب شدند و مورد مصاحبه قرار گرفتند. نمونه بخش کمی نیز 365 نفر بود که به سؤالات پرسشنامه پاسخ دادند. برای تجزیهوتحلیل دادههای بخش کیفی از فرایند کدگذاری (باز، محوری و انتخابی) و برای دادههای بخش کمی از نرمافزار Amosاستفاده شد. یافتههای پژوهش در بخش کیفی، حاکی از آن بود که الگو، شامل ابعاد زیرساختی، مدیریتی، منابع انسانی محیطی و عملیاتی است. در بخش کمی هم شاخصهای مدل، برازش مناسبی را نشان میدهند. سطح پوشش p value برابر با 0.313 بوده که بیانگر مناسب بودن برازش مدل است؛ از طرف دیگر، ریشۀ میانگین مربعات خطای برآورد- بهعنوان شاخصی مهم- دارای مقدار 0.07 بوده که کمتر از 0.1 است؛ دیگرشاخصهای برازش الگو مانند TLI0/92؛NFI 0/951؛ CFI 0.94؛ IFI 0.94؛ RFI 0.911 و شاخص کای اسکور بهنجارشده به درجه آزادی 1.45، نشاندهندۀ برازش مطلوب و تأیید الگو هستند.
Adejimola S, Olufunmilayo T.O. (2009). Spinning off an entrepreneurship culture among Nigerian university students: prospects and challenges. Afr. J. Bus. Manage,3(1), 80-88.
Amir Pour, F, Kavousy, E, Moazemi, M. (2021). affected factors on entrepreneurial University in Islamic Azad University, Journal of Business Management, 13(1), 490-507, [in Persian]. dor:20.1001.1.22520104.1400.13.49.23.3.
Astebro, T., Bazzazian, N., &Braguinsky, S. (2012). Startups by recent university graduates and their faculty: Implications for university entrepreneurship policy, Journal of Research Policy, 41(4), 663-677.10,4995HEAd21.2021.13008.
Bikse, V., Lusena-Ezera, I., Rivza, B., & Volkova, T. (2016). The Transformation of Traditional Universities into Entrepreneurial Universities to Ensure Sustainable Higher Education, Journal of Teacher Education for Sustainability, 18(3), 75-88. doi:10.1515/jtes-2016-0016.
Blenker P.; P. Dreisler, Kjeldsen, J. (2006). Entrepreneurship Education–the New Challenge Facing the Universities, A Framework or Understanding and Development of Entrepreneurial University Communities, Working Paper, Department of Management, Aarhus School of Business and University of Aarhus, Denmark, 1-162.
Bronstein, J., &Reihlen, M. (2012). Entrepreneurial university Archetypes: A meta synthesis of case study literature, Journal of Indutry and Higher Education, 18(2), 192-121. doi:10.5367/ihe.2014.0210.
Davey T, Hannon P, Penaluna A. (2017). Entrepreneurship education and the role of universities in entrepreneurship, Journal of Industry and Higher Education, 30(3), 171-182.doi:10.1177/0950422216656699.
Feola, R, Parente, R, Cucino, V. (2020). The Entrepreneurial University: How to Develop the Entrepreneurial Orientation of Academia, Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 12(4), 1-22.
Foss, L, Gibson, D, V. (2015). The Entrepreneurial University Context and Institutional Change.Routledge, 1-312.
Guzmán, J, N. (2021), Development of Entrepreneurship in Universities, International Journal of E-Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 11(2), 32-48. doi:10.4018/IJEEI.2021070103.
Hossinger, S. M., Chen, X., & Werner, A. (2020). Drivers, barriers and success factors of academic spin-offs: a systematic literature review, Journal of Management Review Quarterly, 70(1), 97-134.
Huezo-Ponce, L, Fernández-Pérez, V, Rodríguez-Ariza, L. (2021). Emotional competencies and entrepreneurship: modeling universities. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal,17(2),1497-1519.
Igbo, L, Zubairu, U. (2021). Effectiveness of Entrepreneurship Education in Universities, Journal of Business and Behavioural Entrepreneurship, 5(1),42-59. doi:10.21009/JOBBE.005.1.03.
Jabbari F, Azizi M, Salehi J, Navazeni B. (2020). International Academic Entrepreneurship: Measuring Indicators, Ihej, 12 (2),144-170, [in persian]
Klein, S, B, Pereira, F, C, M. (2020). Entrepreneurial university: conceptions and evolution of theoretical models, Revista Pensamento Contemporâneoem Administração,14(4),20-35.doi:10.12712/rpca.v14i4. 43186.
Lahikainen, K. (2021). The emergence of a university-based entrepreneurship ecosystem, Thesis for: Doctor of Science (Economics and Business Administration,https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352822947
Lacetera, N. (2006). Multiple missions and academic entrepreneurship, Allied Social Science Associations, AEA Conference Papers. Boston, 52 pp.
Malerba, F., & McKelvey, M. (2019). Knowledge-intensive innovative entrepreneurship, Journal of Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, 14(6), 555-681 doi:10.1561/0300000075.
Marjani, H. (2019). University of Entrepreneurship and University Entrepreneurship; Investigate infrastructure issues and requirements, Tehran: Higher Education Research and Planning Institute,1-158.[in persian].
Moradi Pardanjani, H, Jafari, P. (2013). Evaluating the effectiveness of the entrepreneurship curriculum of Islamic Azad University, Journal of Higher education curriculum studies, 4 (7), 161-139, [in persian].
Nabi, G., &Linan, F. (2011). Graduate entrepreneurship in the developing world: intentions, education and development, Journal of Education and Training,53(5), 325 – 334.doi:10.1108/00400911111147668.
Nowiński, W., Haddoud, M. Y., Lančarič, D., Egerová, D., &Czeglédi, C. (2019). The impact of entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and gender on entrepreneurial intentions of university students in the Visegrad countries, Journal of Studies in Higher Education, 44(2), 361-379. doi:10.1080/03075079.2017.1365359.
Pugh, R., Lamineb, W., Jackd, S &Hamiltond, E. (2018). The entrepreneurial university and the region: what role for entrepreneurship departments? Journal of European Planning Studies, 26(9), 1835-1855.
SafariyanNavikhi, M. (2019). Design and evaluation of model fit for entrepreneurial university (Case study: Payame Noor University). Ph.D. Thesis. Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, [in persian].
Salamzadeh, A., Tajpour, M., & Hosseini, E (2019). Corporate entrepreneurship in University of Tehran: does human resources management matter? International Journal of Knowledge-Based Development. 10(3), 276-292. doi:10.1504/IJKBD.2019.103218.
Shaemibarzoki, A, Mohamadi, M. (2015). Investigating the role of transformational leadership on manpower productivity by emphasizing on the role of Corporate Entrepreneurship. Journal of transformational Management, 6 (12),1-28, [in persian] doi:10.22067/pmt.v6i12.33623.
Simeone, L., Secundo, G., &Schiuma, G (2018). Arts and design as translational mechanisms for academic entrepreneurship: The metaLAB at Harvard case study. Journal of Business Research. 85, 434-443.
doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.10.021
Staniulyte, J. (2021). Towards the entrepreneurial university: the principal-agent problem. Journal of Quality & Quantity, 56, 2971–2988. doi:10.1007/ s11135-021-01246-z
UNESCO. (2004). Report on Trends and Developments in Higher Education in Europe. Paris, UNESCO, 1-43.doi:10.1080/13538322.2013.772464
Walsh, J. P., Huang, H. (2012). Local Context AcademivEntreneurship and open Science Publication Secrecy and Commercial Activity among Japanese and US Scirntists. Journal of Reserche Policy. 43(2), 245-260. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2013.10.003
Wang, X, Sun, X, Liu, S, Mu, C. (2021). A Preliminary Exploration of Factors Affecting a University Entrepreneurship Ecosystem. Journal of Frontiers in Psychology. 12(1), 1-12. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.732388
_||_Adejimola S, Olufunmilayo T.O. (2009). Spinning off an entrepreneurship culture among Nigerian university students: prospects and challenges. Afr. J. Bus. Manage,3(1), 80-88.
Amir Pour, F, Kavousy, E, Moazemi, M. (2021). affected factors on entrepreneurial University in Islamic Azad University, Journal of Business Management, 13(1), 490-507, [in Persian]. dor:20.1001.1.22520104.1400.13.49.23.3.
Astebro, T., Bazzazian, N., &Braguinsky, S. (2012). Startups by recent university graduates and their faculty: Implications for university entrepreneurship policy, Journal of Research Policy, 41(4), 663-677.10,4995HEAd21.2021.13008.
Bikse, V., Lusena-Ezera, I., Rivza, B., & Volkova, T. (2016). The Transformation of Traditional Universities into Entrepreneurial Universities to Ensure Sustainable Higher Education, Journal of Teacher Education for Sustainability, 18(3), 75-88. doi:10.1515/jtes-2016-0016.
Blenker P.; P. Dreisler, Kjeldsen, J. (2006). Entrepreneurship Education–the New Challenge Facing the Universities, A Framework or Understanding and Development of Entrepreneurial University Communities, Working Paper, Department of Management, Aarhus School of Business and University of Aarhus, Denmark, 1-162.
Bronstein, J., &Reihlen, M. (2012). Entrepreneurial university Archetypes: A meta synthesis of case study literature, Journal of Indutry and Higher Education, 18(2), 192-121. doi:10.5367/ihe.2014.0210.
Davey T, Hannon P, Penaluna A. (2017). Entrepreneurship education and the role of universities in entrepreneurship, Journal of Industry and Higher Education, 30(3), 171-182.doi:10.1177/0950422216656699.
Feola, R, Parente, R, Cucino, V. (2020). The Entrepreneurial University: How to Develop the Entrepreneurial Orientation of Academia, Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 12(4), 1-22.
Foss, L, Gibson, D, V. (2015). The Entrepreneurial University Context and Institutional Change.Routledge, 1-312.
Guzmán, J, N. (2021), Development of Entrepreneurship in Universities, International Journal of E-Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 11(2), 32-48. doi:10.4018/IJEEI.2021070103.
Hossinger, S. M., Chen, X., & Werner, A. (2020). Drivers, barriers and success factors of academic spin-offs: a systematic literature review, Journal of Management Review Quarterly, 70(1), 97-134.
Huezo-Ponce, L, Fernández-Pérez, V, Rodríguez-Ariza, L. (2021). Emotional competencies and entrepreneurship: modeling universities. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal,17(2),1497-1519.
Igbo, L, Zubairu, U. (2021). Effectiveness of Entrepreneurship Education in Universities, Journal of Business and Behavioural Entrepreneurship, 5(1),42-59. doi:10.21009/JOBBE.005.1.03.
Jabbari F, Azizi M, Salehi J, Navazeni B. (2020). International Academic Entrepreneurship: Measuring Indicators, Ihej, 12 (2),144-170, [in persian]
Klein, S, B, Pereira, F, C, M. (2020). Entrepreneurial university: conceptions and evolution of theoretical models, Revista Pensamento Contemporâneoem Administração,14(4),20-35.doi:10.12712/rpca.v14i4. 43186.
Lahikainen, K. (2021). The emergence of a university-based entrepreneurship ecosystem, Thesis for: Doctor of Science (Economics and Business Administration,https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352822947
Lacetera, N. (2006). Multiple missions and academic entrepreneurship, Allied Social Science Associations, AEA Conference Papers. Boston, 52 pp.
Malerba, F., & McKelvey, M. (2019). Knowledge-intensive innovative entrepreneurship, Journal of Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, 14(6), 555-681 doi:10.1561/0300000075.
Marjani, H. (2019). University of Entrepreneurship and University Entrepreneurship; Investigate infrastructure issues and requirements, Tehran: Higher Education Research and Planning Institute,1-158.[in persian].
Moradi Pardanjani, H, Jafari, P. (2013). Evaluating the effectiveness of the entrepreneurship curriculum of Islamic Azad University, Journal of Higher education curriculum studies, 4 (7), 161-139, [in persian].
Nabi, G., &Linan, F. (2011). Graduate entrepreneurship in the developing world: intentions, education and development, Journal of Education and Training,53(5), 325 – 334.doi:10.1108/00400911111147668.
Nowiński, W., Haddoud, M. Y., Lančarič, D., Egerová, D., &Czeglédi, C. (2019). The impact of entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and gender on entrepreneurial intentions of university students in the Visegrad countries, Journal of Studies in Higher Education, 44(2), 361-379. doi:10.1080/03075079.2017.1365359.
Pugh, R., Lamineb, W., Jackd, S &Hamiltond, E. (2018). The entrepreneurial university and the region: what role for entrepreneurship departments? Journal of European Planning Studies, 26(9), 1835-1855.
SafariyanNavikhi, M. (2019). Design and evaluation of model fit for entrepreneurial university (Case study: Payame Noor University). Ph.D. Thesis. Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, [in persian].
Salamzadeh, A., Tajpour, M., & Hosseini, E (2019). Corporate entrepreneurship in University of Tehran: does human resources management matter? International Journal of Knowledge-Based Development. 10(3), 276-292. doi:10.1504/IJKBD.2019.103218.
Shaemibarzoki, A, Mohamadi, M. (2015). Investigating the role of transformational leadership on manpower productivity by emphasizing on the role of Corporate Entrepreneurship. Journal of transformational Management, 6 (12),1-28, [in persian] doi:10.22067/pmt.v6i12.33623.
Simeone, L., Secundo, G., &Schiuma, G (2018). Arts and design as translational mechanisms for academic entrepreneurship: The metaLAB at Harvard case study. Journal of Business Research. 85, 434-443.
doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.10.021
Staniulyte, J. (2021). Towards the entrepreneurial university: the principal-agent problem. Journal of Quality & Quantity, 56, 2971–2988. doi:10.1007/ s11135-021-01246-z
UNESCO. (2004). Report on Trends and Developments in Higher Education in Europe. Paris, UNESCO, 1-43.doi:10.1080/13538322.2013.772464
Walsh, J. P., Huang, H. (2012). Local Context AcademivEntreneurship and open Science Publication Secrecy and Commercial Activity among Japanese and US Scirntists. Journal of Reserche Policy. 43(2), 245-260. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2013.10.003
Wang, X, Sun, X, Liu, S, Mu, C. (2021). A Preliminary Exploration of Factors Affecting a University Entrepreneurship Ecosystem. Journal of Frontiers in Psychology. 12(1), 1-12. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.732388
