بررسی ویژگی‌های کارآفرینی در بین دانشجویان دانشگاه‌های ایران
الموضوعات :
یونس بادآور نهندی
1
(عضو هیأت علمی(استادیار)گروه حسابداری،واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،تبریز،ایران)
مصطفی زارعی
2
(کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت بازرگانی مؤسسه غیرانتفایی الغدیر تبریز)
الکلمات المفتاحية: آموزش, نوآوری, کارآفرینی, خوداتکایی,
ملخص المقالة :
هدف اصلی این پژوهش بررسی و کشف ویژگی ها و مشخصات کارآفرینی در بین دانشجویان دانشگاه‌های ایران و ارزیابی گرایش کارآفرینی آنان از طریق مقایسه بین دانشجویان کارآفرین محور و دانشجویانی که میل کمتری به کارآفرینی دارند می باشد. نمونه این پژوهش به صورت تصادفی احتمالی ساده از بین دانشجویان کارشناسی سه دانشگاه ایران، انتخاب شده است. با تفکیک دانشجویان کارآفرین از غیرکارآفرین، ویژگی‌های کارآفرینی بین این دو گروه از دانشجویان بررسی و مقایسه شده است. نتایج حاکی از آن بود که به جز ویژگی های خوداتکایی و تحمل ابهام، در سایر ویژگی های ذکر شده، دانشجویان کارآفرین دارای سطوح بالاتری بودند. این پژوهش دیدگاه هایی در مورد آموزش و پرورش کارآفرینی ارائه می نماید، به عنوان نمونه، به منظور دستیابی به کارآفرینی بهتر، کدام ویژگی های کارآفرینی توسعه داده شود.
Ahmadpour Dariani, M. (2005). Entrepreneurship: Definitions, Theories, Patterns, Company. Tehran: Pardis Publication, (In Persian).
Antoncic, B. and Hisrich, R.D. (2004), “Corporate entrepreneurship contingencies and organizational wealth creation”, Journal of Management Development, Vol. 23 No. 6, pp. 518-50.
Budner, S. (1962), “Intolerance of ambiguity as a personality variable”, Journal of Personality, Vol. 30, pp. 29-50.
Bygrave, W.D., Carter, N.M, Davidsson, P., Gartner, W.B., Mason, C.M. and McDougall, P.P. (Eds), (2004), “Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research”, Babson College, Babson Park, MA.
Bygrave, W.D. and Hofer, C.W. (2007), “Theorizing about entrepreneurship”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Winter, pp. 13-22.
Colette Henry, Frances Hill &Claire Leitch (2005), “Entrepreneurship education and training: can entrepreneurship be taught?” Part II, Journal of Education + Training, Vol 47, NO.3.
Cromie, S. (2000), “Assessing entrepreneurial inclinations: some approaches empirical evidence”, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 9 No. 1, pp. 7-30.
Dilts, J.C. and Fowler, S.M. (2006), “Internships: preparing students for an entrepreneurial career”, Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship, Vol. 11 No. 1, pp. 51-63.
Drucker, P. (1985), “Innovation and Entrepreneurship”, Butterworth Heineman, Oxford.
Eagleton, T. (1991), Ideology, Verso, London.
Ebrahami, S., Karnameh, H., Nasoohi, M., & Mahmoudi, M. (2006). Entrepreneurship Universities and Entrepreneurship Training. The First National Conference on Entrepreneurship Management, (In Persian).
Engle, E.D., Mah, J. and Sadri, G. (1997), “An empirical comparison of entrepreneurs and employees: implications for innovation”, Creativity Research Journal, Vol. 10 No. 1, pp. 45-9.
Entrialgo, M., Fernandez, E. and Vazquez, C. (2008), “Characteristics of managers as determinants of entrepreneurial orientation: some Spanish evidence”, Enterprise and Innovation Management Studies, Vol. 1 No. 2, pp. 187-205
Hansemark, O.C. (2010), “The effects of an entrepreneurship programme on need for achievement and locus of control of reinforcement”, International Journal of Entrepreuneurial Behaviour & Research, Vol. 4 No. 1, pp. 28-50.
Hysterich, R., & Peters, V. (2004). Entrepreneurship. Translated by: G. Taghi Yari, Tehran: Sharif University of Technology, (In Persian).
Klofsten, M. (2009), “Training entrepreneurship at universities: a Swedish case”, Journal of European Industrial Training, Vol. 24 No. 6, pp. 337-44.
Kuratko, D.F. (2003), Entrepreneurship Education: Emerging Trends and Challenges for the 21st Century, Coleman Foundation White Paper Series, http://usasbe.org/pdf/CWP-2003- kuratko.pdf
Littunen, H. (2007), “Entrepreneurship and the characteristics of the entrepreneurial personality”, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, Vol. 6 No. 6, pp. 295-309.
Mueller, S.L. and Thomas, A.S. (2000), “Culture and entrepreneurial potential: a nine country study of locus of control and innovativeness”, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 16, pp. 51-75.
Robinson, P.B., Stimpson, D.V., Huefner, J.C. and Hunt, H.K. (2005), “An attitude approach to the prediction of entrepreneurship”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 15 No. 4, pp. 13-32.
Rotter, J.B. (1966), “Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement”, Psychological Monographs, Vol. 80.
Saeedi Mehrabad, M., & Mohtadi, M. (2008). The Effect of Entrepreneurship Education on the Development of Entrepreneurial Behaviors (Case Study: Entrepreneurship Training in the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs). Entrepreneurship Development, 7, 57-73, (In Persian).
Salehi, E. (2004); “Labor Market Changes, Higher Education Development and Social Capital”; Conference of Higher Education and Sustainable Development: institute for Research and Planning in Higher Education, Vol.1, Tehran (in Persian).
Samli, A.C. (2002), “Entrepreneurship and small business development: the necessary ingredient for economic progress”, 11th World Business Congress, July 10-14, 2002, Antalya.
Shaditalab, J. (2003); “Women Social Participating”; Tehran University Women Research Journal, Vol. 1, No. 7 (in Persian).
Schumpeter, J.A. (1934), “The Theory of Economic Development”, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
Stewart, W.H., Watson, W.E., Carland, J.C. and Carland, J.W. (2010), “A proclivity for entrepreneurship: a comparison of entrepreneurs, small business owners, and corporate managers”, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 14, pp. 189-214.
Urbano, David, Marinés Aponte & Nuria Toledano (2008), “Doctoral education in entrepreneurship: a European case study”, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol 15, NO.2.
_||_
Ahmadpour Dariani, M. (2005). Entrepreneurship: Definitions, Theories, Patterns, Company. Tehran: Pardis Publication, (In Persian).
Antoncic, B. and Hisrich, R.D. (2004), “Corporate entrepreneurship contingencies and organizational wealth creation”, Journal of Management Development, Vol. 23 No. 6, pp. 518-50.
Budner, S. (1962), “Intolerance of ambiguity as a personality variable”, Journal of Personality, Vol. 30, pp. 29-50.
Bygrave, W.D., Carter, N.M, Davidsson, P., Gartner, W.B., Mason, C.M. and McDougall, P.P. (Eds), (2004), “Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research”, Babson College, Babson Park, MA.
Bygrave, W.D. and Hofer, C.W. (2007), “Theorizing about entrepreneurship”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Winter, pp. 13-22.
Colette Henry, Frances Hill &Claire Leitch (2005), “Entrepreneurship education and training: can entrepreneurship be taught?” Part II, Journal of Education + Training, Vol 47, NO.3.
Cromie, S. (2000), “Assessing entrepreneurial inclinations: some approaches empirical evidence”, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 9 No. 1, pp. 7-30.
Dilts, J.C. and Fowler, S.M. (2006), “Internships: preparing students for an entrepreneurial career”, Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship, Vol. 11 No. 1, pp. 51-63.
Drucker, P. (1985), “Innovation and Entrepreneurship”, Butterworth Heineman, Oxford.
Eagleton, T. (1991), Ideology, Verso, London.
Ebrahami, S., Karnameh, H., Nasoohi, M., & Mahmoudi, M. (2006). Entrepreneurship Universities and Entrepreneurship Training. The First National Conference on Entrepreneurship Management, (In Persian).
Engle, E.D., Mah, J. and Sadri, G. (1997), “An empirical comparison of entrepreneurs and employees: implications for innovation”, Creativity Research Journal, Vol. 10 No. 1, pp. 45-9.
Entrialgo, M., Fernandez, E. and Vazquez, C. (2008), “Characteristics of managers as determinants of entrepreneurial orientation: some Spanish evidence”, Enterprise and Innovation Management Studies, Vol. 1 No. 2, pp. 187-205
Hansemark, O.C. (2010), “The effects of an entrepreneurship programme on need for achievement and locus of control of reinforcement”, International Journal of Entrepreuneurial Behaviour & Research, Vol. 4 No. 1, pp. 28-50.
Hysterich, R., & Peters, V. (2004). Entrepreneurship. Translated by: G. Taghi Yari, Tehran: Sharif University of Technology, (In Persian).
Klofsten, M. (2009), “Training entrepreneurship at universities: a Swedish case”, Journal of European Industrial Training, Vol. 24 No. 6, pp. 337-44.
Kuratko, D.F. (2003), Entrepreneurship Education: Emerging Trends and Challenges for the 21st Century, Coleman Foundation White Paper Series, http://usasbe.org/pdf/CWP-2003- kuratko.pdf
Littunen, H. (2007), “Entrepreneurship and the characteristics of the entrepreneurial personality”, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, Vol. 6 No. 6, pp. 295-309.
Mueller, S.L. and Thomas, A.S. (2000), “Culture and entrepreneurial potential: a nine country study of locus of control and innovativeness”, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 16, pp. 51-75.
Robinson, P.B., Stimpson, D.V., Huefner, J.C. and Hunt, H.K. (2005), “An attitude approach to the prediction of entrepreneurship”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 15 No. 4, pp. 13-32.
Rotter, J.B. (1966), “Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement”, Psychological Monographs, Vol. 80.
Saeedi Mehrabad, M., & Mohtadi, M. (2008). The Effect of Entrepreneurship Education on the Development of Entrepreneurial Behaviors (Case Study: Entrepreneurship Training in the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs). Entrepreneurship Development, 7, 57-73, (In Persian).
Salehi, E. (2004); “Labor Market Changes, Higher Education Development and Social Capital”; Conference of Higher Education and Sustainable Development: institute for Research and Planning in Higher Education, Vol.1, Tehran (in Persian).
Samli, A.C. (2002), “Entrepreneurship and small business development: the necessary ingredient for economic progress”, 11th World Business Congress, July 10-14, 2002, Antalya.
Shaditalab, J. (2003); “Women Social Participating”; Tehran University Women Research Journal, Vol. 1, No. 7 (in Persian).
Schumpeter, J.A. (1934), “The Theory of Economic Development”, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
Stewart, W.H., Watson, W.E., Carland, J.C. and Carland, J.W. (2010), “A proclivity for entrepreneurship: a comparison of entrepreneurs, small business owners, and corporate managers”, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 14, pp. 189-214.
Urbano, David, Marinés Aponte & Nuria Toledano (2008), “Doctoral education in entrepreneurship: a European case study”, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol 15, NO.2.
