Explanation of Factors Affecting Informal Human Settlements in terms of Objective and Subjective Qualities
الموضوعات :
شیرین شاهیده
1
(دانشجوی دکتری، گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، واحد تهران غرب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران)
محمدهادی کابلی
2
(استادیار گروه معماری، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، واحد دماوند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، دماوند، ایران)
فریبرز دولت آبادی
3
(استادیار گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، واحدتهران غرب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران)
وحید شالی امینی
4
(استادیار گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، واحد تهران مرکز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران)
الکلمات المفتاحية: Subjective quality, Informal Human Settlements, Quality Factor Explanation, Objective Quality,
ملخص المقالة :
Development informal residential spaces in cities and especially metropolitan areas, provides a concept of quality of urban life which needs to be upgraded and reconsidered. In this regard, Present study focuses on informal communities and identify the quality components related to the built environment in terms of objective qualities and subjective qualities in relation to residents' satisfaction with the settlement in the form of physical–spatial characteristics with their irreplaceable roles in determining the residents' lifestyle. In this research, to achieve the goal, both qualitative research method and survey strategy are applied. Data collection is done through literature review, and also field impression of space users along with survey analytical method of Fuzzy Delphi and Entropy Shannon Technique. In the part of documentary study, 33 quality components are achieved and evaluated from the perspective of "improving the quality of informal settlements" via Delphi Method. Through initial screening, 9 components and in the following according to experts' consensus 3 more components are removed from the list. As a result, the study attains 21 qualitative components which are categorized into 2 main dimensions of objective and subjective qualities and 7 thematic categories in following. Finally, findings from analyzing the indicators using Shannon Technique show that the dimension of "Residential Satisfaction" and the category of " safety and security" are having the most impact on enhancing the quality of informal settlements. As well, among single indicators, "crime prevention", "accessibility and permeability" and "facilities and infrastructure" are the highest influencers in the list.
Abbot, J. (2002). A method-based planning framework for informal settlement upgrading. Habitat International, 26(3), 317-333.
Azar, A. (2001). Developing of Shannon entropy method in content analysis. Al-Zahra University, Journal of Humanities, 11(37, 38), 1-18.
Azar, A. (2002). Statistics and its application in management, 12th Edition. Tehran. SAMT publication.
Chen, H and Li, Z. (2014). Construction and evaluation of affordable housing in Guangzhou city. Trop. Geogr,34, 823–830.
Cohen, B. (2006). Urbanization in developing countries: Current trends, future projections, and key challenges for sustainability. Technology in Society, 28,63-80.
Devi, P.P., Lowry, J.H and Weber, E. (2017). Global environmental impact of informal settlements and perceptions of local environmental threats: An empirical case study in Suva, Fiji. Habitat International Journal, 69, 58-67.
Gholamalizadeh, H., Jafari, E and Modiri, M. (2019). Identification of factors affecting sociability in architecture training space and analyzing interaction between them, with the approach of fuzzy multi criteria decision makin,. Journal of Iranian Architecture and Urbanism., 18, 5-18.
Hosseini, S. H and Chinichian, M. (2011). Analyzing characteristics of informal settlement in Arak (BaghKhalaj settlement and Ali ibn Abi Taleb town). Journal of Urban Planning and Research, 2(5), 57-82.
Irandoost, K. (2009). Informal settlements and myth of marginalization. Tehran: Nashr press.
Jones, P. (2019). The Shaping of Form and Structure in Informal Settlements: A Case Study of Order and Rules in Lebak Siliwangi, Bandung, Indonesia. J. Reg. City Plan,30, 43–61.
Jorgenson, A., Rice, J., and Clark, B. (2010). Cities, slums, and energy consumption in less developed countries, 1990 to 2005, Organization & Environment, 23(2),189-204.
Kamalipour, H. (2020). Improving Places: The fluidity of space in informal settlements, Journal of Sustainability, 12 (2293), 1-14.
Khalil, A., El-Aal, A.A., Quintero, N., Aayesh, H., El-Wahab, M.A., Ibrahim, M and Marei, K. (2016). Improvingliving condition in informal settlements, the case of El-Arab Hurghada. Journal of Procedia Environmental Sciences,34, 13-24.
Linstone, H. A and Murray, T. (2002). The Delphi method: techniques and applications. Melbourne: Addison Wesley Publishing Company.
Liu, X and Zhang, L. (2018). Determinants of human settlement satisfaction and settlement intention of residents with public housing in china: An empirical study in Xi’an. Ecol. Environ,7, 114–123.
Lombard, M. (2014). Constructing ordinary places: Place-making in urban informal settlements in Mexico. Progress in Planning, 94,1-53.
McCrea, R., Shyy, T. K. and Stimson, R. (2006). What is the strength of the link between objective and subjective indicators of urban quality of life, Journal of Applied Research in Quality of Life, 1(1), 79–96
Naghdi, A. (2010). Iranian forth world – "marginal bio appearance" and "urban issues" in Hamedan and some solutions. Journal of Study of Social Issues in Iran, 3, 145-166.
Najafi, S., Ahad Nejad, M and Daviran, E. (2015). Assessing the quality of life of informal settlements in cities: Eslam Abad area in Zanjan city. Journal of Geography and Urban –Regional Planning, 16, 75-90.
Oktay, D. (2012). Livable Public Urban Spaces as Essentials of Human Sustainable Urbanism. 26th Annual Congress, Turkey.
Sarrafi, M. (2008). Organizing informal settlements in the light of good city governance in Iran. Journal of Haft Shahr, 23, 4-13.
Shamai, A and Pour Ahmad, A. (2005). Urban improvement and renovation from perspective of geography, Tehran: Tehran University Press.
Sung, H., Lee, S and Cheon, S. (2015). Operationalizing Jane Jacobs’s Urban Design Theory: Empirical Verification from the Great City of Seoul, Korea, Journal of Planning Education and research, 35(2), 117-130.
Tavallaei, R., Azami, M and Irandoost, K. (2014). Defining indicators of informal settlements in Iran. Journal of Urban - Regional Studies and Research, 6(21), 43-60.
UN-HABITAT. (2006). The State of the World’s Cities Report: The Millennium Development Goals and Urban Sustainability; Earth scan: London, UK. Available at: http://www.unhabitat.org. (last accessed in 02-07-2019)
UN-HABITAT. (2011). Key Findings and Messages. In The city reader; Le Gates, R.T., Stout, F., Eds.; Routledge: New York, NY, USA, 583–589.
Word bank group. (1999-2000). Cities alliance for cities without slums. Available at: http://www.worldbank.org. (last accessed in 05-10-2019)
Wu, F., Liu, Y., Zeng, Y., Yan, H., Zhang, Y and Li, L.H. (2020). Evaluation of the human settlements environments of public housing: A case study of Guanzhou, Journal of Sustainability, 12 (7361), 1-17.
Yu, J and Liu, Y. (2018). Evaluation on residential satisfaction of indemnificatory housing in different periods of Guangzhou: Based on the empirical research of two typical case areas. J. Guangzhou Univ. Nat. Sci. Ed,17, 67–73.
Zakerhaghighi, K., Khanian, M and Gheitarani, N. (2014). Subjective quality of life; assessment of residents of informal settelements in Iran (A case study of Hesar Imam Khomeini of Hamedan), Journal of Applied Research Quality of Life, 9(2), 1-16.
Ziyari, K., Abdali, Y and Allah gholipour, S. (2019). Analysis and evaluation of quality of life components in the crime center, case study: district 12 of Tehran. Journal of Urban Ecology Research.,10(19), 105-122.
_||_