اثر سطوح مختلف کود آلی ورمی‌کمپوست و آزومیت بر فاکتورهای رشدی، بیوشیمیایی و جذب عناصر غذایی مرزه تابستانه (Satureja hortensis L.)
الموضوعات :
رسول نریمانی
1
,
محمد مقدم
2
,
حسن ابراهیمی
3
,
دانیال شکوهی
4
1 - گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
2 - گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
3 - گروه خاکشناسی شرکت کشاورزی و دامپروری کاوندیش نیشابور، نیشابور، ایران
4 - گروه بیوتکنولوژی و به‌نژادی گیاهان زراعی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: عناصر غذایی, کود آلی, رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی, فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی, شاخص‌های رشدی,
ملخص المقالة :
ورمی‌کمپوست به‌عنوان کود زیستی، از طریق بهبود خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی خاک و افزایش جذب عناصر غذایی توسط گیاه و آزومیت با داشتن طیف کاملی از عناصر مفید، سبب افزایش عملکرد و بهبود صفات رشدی گیاهان می‌شوند. به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر سطوح مختلف ورمی‌کمپوست و آزومیت بر عملکرد و برخی ویژگی‌های کیفی و جذب عناصر معدنی در مرزه تابستانه آزمایشی در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در سال 1396 به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه کاملاً تصادفی با دو فاکتور شامل کود آلی ورمی‌کمپوست و آزومیت به‌ترتیب در چهار سطح (0، 5، 10 و 15 درصد) و (0، 3، 6 و 9 گرم در کیلوگرم خاک) و در سه تکرار انجام شد. صفات مورد بررسی شامل ارتفاع گیاه، وزن‌تر و خشک بوته، تعداد شاخه‌فرعی، محتوای رطوبت نسبی، رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی، فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی، میزان فنل کل و کربوهیدرات محلول و همچنین جذب عناصر غذایی بودند. نتایج نشان داد که استفاده توأم ورمی‌کمپوست و آزومیت به‌ویژه سطوح 10 و 15 درصد ورمی‌کمپوست به همراه کاربرد 3 گرم آزومیت در کیلوگرم خاک سبب افزایش معنی‌دار صفات رشدی گیاه از قبیل وزن‌تر و خشک برگ و ساقه، طول میانگره و قطر ساقه و صفات بیوشیمیایی نظیر محتوای رطوبت نسبی، میزان قند محلول و رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی نسبت به گیاهان شاهد (عدم کاربرد ورمی‌کمپوست و آزومیت) گردید. برهمکنش بین ورمی‌کمپوست و آزومیت بر غلظت نیتروژن، فسفر، سدیم، آهن، روی و منگنز برگ مرزه تأثیر معنی‌داری داشت؛ به‌طوری‌که استفاده از ورمی‌کمپوست (سطوح 10 و 15 درصد) همراه با آزومیت (در هر سه سطح) سبب افزایش قابل‌توجه غلظت این عناصر نسبت به شاهد گردید. همچنین مشاهده گردید که استفاده از ورمی‌کمپوست به‌تنهایی سبب افزایش معنی‌دار میزان پتاسیم و منیزیم در گیاه نسبت به تیمار بدون کود گشت. درمجموع نتایج حاصل از این آزمایش نشان داد که استفاده از کود ورمی‌کمپوست و خاک معدنی آزومیت می‌تواند باعث بهبود صفات کمی و کیفی و جذب عناصر غذایی در گیاه مرزه تابستانه شود.
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Aćimović, M.G., Dolijanović, Ž.K., Oljača, S.I., Kovačević, D.D. and Oljača, M.V. (2015). Effect of organic and mineral fertilizers on essential oil content in caraway, anise and coriander fruits. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus. 14(1): 95-103.
Ahmad, A.Z., Ghajar, S.M. and Bahmanyar, M.A. (2011). Effect of vermicompost application on amount of micro elements in soil and the content in the medicinal plant of Borage (Borago officinalis). Journal of Crops Improvement. 13(2):1-12. (In Persian).
Alikhani, H.A. and Mohamadi, L. (2008). Comparison between physic-chemical characteristics of vermicompost and cold compost and their effects on growth indices in tomato. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science. 39(1): 201-207. (In Persian).
Amjazi, H. and Hamidpour, M. (2012). Effects of phosphorus, vermicompost and natural zeolite on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Zinnia elegans. Journal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse Culture. 3 (2):79-87. (In Persian).
Ansarifar, M., Noormohamadi, G., Seyed Hadi, M.R.H. and Riazi, G. (2012). Effect of organic nutrients on flower yield and oil content of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.). Journal of Medicinal Plants and By-products. 2: 177- 181.
Anwar, M., Patra, D.D., Chand, S., Alpesh, K., Naqvi, A.A. and Khanuja, S.P.S. (2005). Effects of organic manures and inorganic fertilizer on growth, herb and oil yield, nutrient accumulation and oil quality of French basil. Journal Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 36(13-14): 1737-1746.
Arancon, N.Q., Edwards, C.A., Atiyeh, R. and Metzger, J.D. (2004). Effect of vermicompost produced from food waste on the growth and yields of greenhouse peppers. Brioresource Technology. 93(2): 139-144.
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Arancon, N.Q., Galvis, P.A. and Edwards, C.A. (2005). Suppression of insect pest populations and damage to plants by vermicompost. Bioresource Technology. 96(10): 1137-1142.
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Azcón, R., Ambrosano, E. and Charest, C. (2003). Nutrient acquisition in mycorrhizal lettuce plants under different phosphorus and nitrogen concentration. Plant Science. 165(5): 1137-1145.
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Barrs, H.D. and Weatherley, P.E. (1962). A re-examination of the relative turgidity techniques for the estimating water deficit in leaves. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences. 15(3): 413-428.
Chatiopadhyay, N., Gupta, M.D. and Gupta, S.K. (1992). Effects of city waste compost and fertilizers on the growth, nutrient prate and yield of rice. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science. 40(3):464-468.
Darzi, M.T., Ghalavand, A., Sefidkon, F. and Rejali, F. (2009). The effects of mycorrhiza, vermicompost and phosphatic biofertilizer application on quantity and quality of essential oil in Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 24(4): 396-413. (In Persian).
Darzi, M. T., Haj, S.H.M. and Rejali, F. (2011). Effects of vermicompost and phosphate biofertilizer application on yield and yield components in Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 26(2): 452-465. (In Persian).
Darzi, M.T., Hadi, M.H.S. and Rejali, F. (2012). Effects of the application or vermicomposting and nitrogen fixing bacteria on quantity and quality of the essential oil in dill. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 6(21): 3793- 3799.
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Ghasemzadeh, A. and Jaafar, H. (2011). Effect of CO2 enrichment on synthesis of some primary and secondary metabolites in ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe). International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 12(2):1101-1114.
Godara, A.S., Gupta, U.S., Lal, G. and Singh, R. (2014). Influence of organic and inorganic source of fertilizers on growth, yield and economics of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). International Journal of Seed Spices. 4(2): 77-80.
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Gottardi, S., Iacuzzo, F., Tomasi, N., Cortella, G., Manzocco, L., Pinton, R., Romheld, V., Mimmo, T., Scampicchio, M., Dalla Costa, L. and Cesco, S. (2012). Beneficial effects of silicon on hydroponically grown corn salad (Valerianella locusta (L.) Laterr) plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 56: 14-23.
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Habashy, N.R., El-Khair, A.W.A., and Zaki, R.N. (2008). Effect of organic and biofertilizers on phosphorus and some micronutrients availability in a calcareous soil. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences. 4(5): 545-552.
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Joshi, R., Vig, A.P. and Singh, J. (2013). Vermicompost as soil supplement to enhance growth, yield and quality of Triticum aestivum L.: a field study. International Journal of Recycle in of Organic Waste in Agriculture. 2(1):16.
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