اثر تراکم بوته بر برخی پاسخ‌های رشدی، فیزیولوژیکی و فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی گیاه نخود (Cicer arietinum L.) تحت سطوح مختلف آبیاری
الموضوعات :محمد برزعلی 1 , محمد نصری 2 , مازیار کریمی فر 3
1 - مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش
و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران
2 - گروه زراعت، واحد ورامین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ورامین، ایران
3 - گروه زراعت، واحد ورامین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ورامین، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: آنزیم, عملکرد دانه, شاخص کلروفیل, آبیاری تکمیلی, جمعیت گیاهی,
ملخص المقالة :
به‌منظور بررسی اثر سطوح مختلف آبیاری و تراکم بوته بر برخی پاسخ‌های مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی اکسیدانی رقم نخود‌هاشم، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده با طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در منطقه گنبدکاووس در سال زراعی92-1391 اجراء شد. عامل اصلی شامل سطوح مختلف آبیاری (شرایط دیم بدون آبیاری، آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی و آبیاری در زمان پر شدن نیام‌ها) و عامل فرعی شامل تراکم‌های مختلف 20، 30، 50 و 70 بوته در متر مربع بود. نتایج نشان داد که اثر سطوح مختلف آبیاری بر تمامی صفات به‌جز تعداد روز تا 50 درصد گلدهی و ارتفاع بوته معنی‌دار بود اما تراکم تنها بر خصوصیات تعداد روز تا 50 درصد گلدهی، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد روز تا رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک و شاخص کلروفیل برگ اثر معنی‌دار داشت. در این آزمایش آبیاری موجب افزایش معنی‌دار محتوی رطوبت نسبی و شاخص کلروفیل برگ نسبت به شرایط دیم گشت اما باعث کاهش معنی‌دار در میزان پروتئین دانه، فعالیت آنزیم‌های سوپر اکسید دیسموتاز و کاتالاز شد. بالاترین درصد پروتئین دانه در کشت بدون آبیاری مشاهده شد. همچنین بیشترین و کمترین عملکرد دانه به‌ترتیب در سطوح آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی و شرایط دیم به‌ترتیب با مقادیر 1602 و 1014 کیلوگرم در هکتار بدست آمد. در سطوح فاکتور تراکم نیز بالاترین عملکرد دانه توسط تراکم 70 بوته در متر مربع و کمترین عملکرد دانه در تراکم 20 بوته در متر مربع مشاهده گردید.
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