نقش منابع خارجی محافظ‌های گیاهی در تعدیل اثرات مخرب تنش‌های غیر زیستی
الموضوعات :
علی نامور
1
(گروه فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران)
هاشم هادی
2
(گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران)
رئوف سیدشریفی
3
(گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران)
الکلمات المفتاحية: محافظ‌های گیاهی, تنش‌های غیر زیستی, تحمل تنش, افزایش عملکرد,
ملخص المقالة :
گیاهان همواره در معرض عوامل نامساعد محیطی مختلف نظیر؛ شوری، خشکی، دماهای بالا/پایین، سمیت فلزات سنگین، غرقابی، تابش ماوراء بنفش و ازن قرار می گیرند. تنش های غیر زیستی سبب ایجاد اختلال در رشد، فیزیولوژی و عملکرد گیاهان شده و یک چالش بسیار مهم در تولید محصولات زراعی و امنیت غذایی به شمار می روند. راهکارهای مختلفی برای بهبود عملکرد گیاهان زراعی در شرایط تنش پیشنهاد شده است ولی بیشتر تلاش های صورت گرفته در زمینه افزایش تولید گیاهان زراعی در حضور عوامل تنش زا ناموفق بوده است. با این وجود در سال های اخیر استفاده از منابع خارجی محافظ های گیاهی مانند؛ محافظ های اسمزی (مانند؛ پرولین و گلیسین بتایین)، هورمون های گیاهی (نظیر؛ آبسیزیک اسید، سالسیلیک اسید، جیبرلیک اسید، جاسمونیک اسید، براسینو استروییدها و پلی آمین ها)، آنتی اکسیدان ها (از جمله؛ گلوتاتیون، آسکوربیک اسید و توکوفرول)، عناصر ریز مغذی (مانند؛ آهن و روی) و عناصر کمیاب (نظیر؛ سیلیکون و سلنیوم) در تعدیل خسارات ایجاد شده توسط تنش های غیر زیستی در گیاهان بسیار موثر شناخته شده اند. این استراتژی به دلیل کارآیی بالا، سهولت استفاده، کم هزینه بودن و عدم نیاز به تجهیزات پیشرفته توجهات زیادی را به خود جلب نموده است. از سوی دیگر استفاده از منابع خارجی محافظ های گیاهی ظرفیت قابل قبولی را برای افزایش رشد، عملکرد و ارتقای توانایی تحمل گیاه در شرایط نامساعد محیطی نشان داده است. با توجه به اهمیت کاربرد منابع خارجی محافظ های گیاهی در شرایط تنش زا، در این مقاله به بررسی عکس العمل های گیاه در برابر این ترکیبات در حضور عوامل محدود کننده ی رشد پرداخته خواهد شد.
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Ahmad, P., Azooz, M.M. and Prasad, M.N.V. (2013). Ecophysiology and Responses of Plants under Salt Stress. Published by Springer.
Ahmed, M., Hassen, F., Qadeer, U. and Aslam, M.A. (2011). Silicon application and drought tolerance mechanism of sorghum. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 6:594-607.
Alam, M.M., Nahar, K., Hasanuzzaman, M. and Fujita, M. (2014). Exogenous jasmonic acid modulates the physiology, antioxidant defense and glyoxalase system in imparting drought stress tolerance in different Brassica species. Plant Biotechnology Report.8:279-293.
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Ali, Q., Ashraf, M. and Athar, H.R. (2007). Exogenously applied proline at different growth stages enhances growth of two maize cultivars grown under water deficit conditions. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 39:1133-1144.
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Broadley, M., Brown, P., Cakmak, I., Ma, J.F., Rengel, Z. and Zhao, F. (2012). Beneficial Elements. In: Marschner, P. (Ed.), Marschner’s Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants, 3rd edition Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 249-269.
Bybordi, A. (2012). Effect of ascorbic acid and silicium on photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activity, and fatty acid contents in canola exposure to salt stress. Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 11:1610-1620.
Chai, Y.Y., Jiang, C.D., Shi, L., Shi, T.S. and Gu, W.B.(2010). Effects of exogenous spermine on sweet sorghum during germination under salinity. Biologia Plantarum. 54:145-148.
Chu, I., Yao, X. and Zhang, Z.(2010). Responses of wheat seedlings to exogenous selenium supply under cold stress. Biological Trace Element Research. 136:355-363.
Davies, P.J.(2004). Plant Hormones, Biosynthesis, Signal Transduction, Action. Kluwer, Dordrecht.
Deivanai, S., Xavier, R., Vinod, V., Timalata, K. and Lim. O.F. (2011). Role of exogenous proline in ameliorating salt stress at early stage in two rice cultivars. Journal of Stress Physiology and Biochemistry. 7:157-174.
Djanaguiraman, M., Prasad, P.V.V. and Seppanen, M. (2010). Selenium protects sorghum leaves from oxidative damage under high temperature stress by enhancing antioxidant defense system. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 48:999-1007.
Dolatabadian, A. and Jouneghani, R.S. (2009). Impact of exogenous ascorbic acid on antioxidant activity and some physiological traits of common bean subjected to salinity stress. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca.37:165-172.
El-Bassiony, A.M., Ghoname, A.A., El-Awadi, M.E., Fawzy, Z.F. and Gruda, N. (2012). Ameliorative effects of brassinosteroids on growth and productivity of snap beans grown under high temperature. Gesunde Pflanzen.64:175-182.
Farooq, M., Wahid, A. and Lee, D.J. (2009). Exogenously applied polyamines increase drought tolerance of rice by improving leaf water status, photosynthesis and membrane properties. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 31, 937-945.
Farouk, S. (2011). Ascorbic acid and Tocopherol minimize salt-induced wheat leaf senescence. Journal of Stress Physiology and Biochemistry. 7:58-79.
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