مطالعه پاسخ دفاعی و بیوشیمیایی گوجه‎فرنگی در شرایط آلودگی به گیاه انگلی سس زراعی (Cuscuta campestris Yunck.)

الموضوعات :

آسیه سیاهمرگویی ¹ (گروه زراعت، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.)
فاختک طلیعی ² (گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گنبد کاووس، گنبد کاووس، ایران.)
مهتاب یزدان دوست ³ (گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران.)

تاريخ الإرسال : 12 الإثنين , شوال, 1442 تاريخ التأكيد : 05 الجمعة , محرم, 1443 تاريخ الإصدار : 18 الإثنين , شعبان, 1443

الکلمات المفتاحية: مقاومت, رقم, آنزیم, گوجه فرنگی, آنتی اکسیدان, سس,

ملخص المقالة :

سس (Cuscuta campestris Yunck.) یکی از علفهای هرز مهم انگلی در جهان است. آلودگی به سس باعث کاهش عملکرد محصول و افزایش هزینه های برداشت می شود. ﺑﺮای ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻋﻠﻒ‎ﻫﺎی ﻫﺮز اﻧﮕلی روش‌های ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ پیشنهاد ﺷﺪه اﺳـﺖ؛ اما هیچکدام قادر به کنترل موثر این گیاه نیستند. به نظر می‎رسد استفاده از ارقام مقاوم بهترین گزینه برای دستیابی به این هدف است. در این تحقیق مقاومت 15 رقم گوجه‎فرنگی به آلودگی سس در شرایط گلخانه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. از بین این ارقام، دو رقم حساس و مقاوم (به ترتیب سوپراوربانا111 و سوپر چف) انتخاب و میزان فعالیت آنزیم های کاتالاز، گایاکول پراکسیداز، آسکوربات پراکسیداز و همچنین مقدار فنل کل، پرولین، فلاوونویید و قندهای محلول در زمان‎های مختلف پس از آلودگی (صفر، 24، 48، 72، 96، 120 و 240 ساعت) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که آلودگی به سس زراعی باعث افزایش غلظت آنزیم ها (کاتالاز، گایاکول پراکسیداز، آسکوربات پراکسیداز) در مقایسه با تیمار بدون آلودگی می شود. همچنین مقدار این آنزیمها در رقم مقاوم بیشتر از رقم حساس بود. رقم و زمان نمونه برداری، میزان فنل کل، پرولین، فلاوونوییدها و قندهای محلول را تحت تاثیر قرار داد. میزان فنل کل و فلاوونویید پس از اتصال سس به گوجه‎فرنگی افزایش یافت و در 240 ساعت پس از اتصال به بیشترین مقدار خود رسید. نتایج این تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که آلودگی گوجه فرنگی به سس زراعی سبب القای سیستم دفاعی در این گیاه می‎شود. با توجه اینکه امکان کنترل کامل گیاهان انگلی بدون آسیب به گیاه زراعی وجود ندارد، شناخت مکانیسمهایی دفاعی که با استفاده از آن، ارقام مقاوم در مقابل گیاهان انگلی ایستادگی می کنند، می تواند بسیار کاربردی و مفید باشد.

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