مستندسازی علمی و بررسی اتنوبوتانیکی گیاهان دارویی منطقه مانه و سملقان خراسان شمالی

الموضوعات :

پویا آروین ¹ , رعنا فیروزه ²

1 - استادیار، گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
2 - دکتری،گروه زیست شناسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

تاريخ الإرسال : 08 الأحد , جمادى الأولى, 1443 تاريخ التأكيد : 08 الإثنين , رجب, 1444 تاريخ الإصدار : 04 الجمعة , ذو القعدة, 1443

الکلمات المفتاحية: خراسان شمالی, اتنوبوتانی, گزارش استفاده (UR), شاخص فراوانی نسبی ثبت (RFC), شاخص اجماع مطلعین (ICF),

ملخص المقالة :

اتنوبوتانی یا قوم گیاه‌شناسی، دانشی مبنی بر مستندسازی اطلاعات غیرمکتوب سنتی به‌منظور بهره‌برداری بهینه از منابع و حفاظت مؤثر از تنوع زیستی و اطلاعات فرهنگی می‌باشد. با توجه به تنوع پوشش گیاهی و تجربیات کهن استفاده های دارویی آن در استان خراسان شمالی، در سال 1399 مطالعه‌ای جهت اتنوبوتانی گیاهان دارویی منطقه مانه و سملقان انجام گرفت. اطلاعات مربوط به جنبه های مختلف گیاهان از قبیل خواص دارویی و مصارف سنتی، نحوه استفاده و زمان جمع آوری نمونه‌های گیاهی از افراد بومی منطقه، با تهیه پرسشنامه و در قالب مصاحبه حضوری و مشاهده مشارکتی گردآوری شد. نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان داد، از تعداد 106 گونه گیاه دارویی، 18 گونه به تیره نعنائیان (Lamiaceae) تعلق داشته و پس ‌از آن تیره‌های آفتابگردان (Asteraceae) با 17 گونه و تیره چتریان (Apiaceae) با 12 گونه در رتبه‌های بعدی قرار گرفتند. گونه دارویی‌ شیرین‌بیان[1] با 385 گزارش جهت رفع مشکلات گوارشی و تنفسی، گیاه کاسنی[2] با 366 گزارش به منظور درمان بیماری های گوارشی و پوستی و گیاه پنیرک[3] با 358 گزارش با هدف درمان بیماری های عمومی و تنفسی به‌ترتیب بالاترین میزان شاخص گزارش استفاده (UR[4]) را نشان دادند. همچنین گیاه‌ شیرین‌بیان با 98/0، کاسنی با 95/0 و آویشن با 93/0 به‌ترتیب بیشترین میزان شاخص فراوانی نسبی ثبت (RFC[5]) را نیز به خود اختصاص دادند. ازنظر فرم زیستی 48 گونه همی کریپتوفیت، 21 گونه فانروفیت، 17 گونه تروفیت، 12 گونه کامفیت و 8 گونه ژئوفیت در منطقه شناسایی شد. یافته های این تحقیق نشان می دهد که اطلاعات اتنوبوتانیکی مردم این منطقه می تواند زمینه مناسبی برای شناسایی اثرات درمانی جدید گیاهان، استفاده بهتر از گیاهان دارویی و فرآورده های آن ها را فراهم آورد.

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