ارزیابی فیتوشیمیایی و آنتی‌اکسیدانی اسانس گیاه دارویی Matricaria chamomilla L. همزمان با امواج فراصوت و تقطیر با آب

الموضوعات :

حسن رضادوست ¹ (دانشجوی دکتری، گروه فیتوشیمی، پژوهشکده گیاهان ومواداولیه دارویی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران)
صمد نژادابراهیمی ² (استادیار، گروه فیتوشیمی، پژوهشکده گیاهان ومواداولیه دارویی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران)
سید رضا رسولی ³ (دانشیار، گروه فیتوشیمی، پژوهشکده گیاهان ومواداولیه دارویی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران)

تاريخ الإرسال : 17 الأربعاء , محرم, 1443 تاريخ التأكيد : 23 الإثنين , جمادى الثانية, 1444 تاريخ الإصدار : 23 الأحد , محرم, 1444

الکلمات المفتاحية: اسانس, بابونه, آنتی‌اکسیدان, امواج فراصوت, کامازولن, تقطیر, بیزابولول,

ملخص المقالة :

متابولیت‌های ثانویه موجود در اسانس گل‌های بابونه به دلیل اثرات ضدالتهابی، آنتی اکسیدانی و ضد باکتریایی در صنایع داروسازی، آرایشی و بهداشتی استفاده فراوانی میشود. در این تحقیق به منظور ارزیابی فیتوشیمیایی و آنتی اکسیدانی اسانس گلهای گیاه بابونهMatricaria chamomilla L. ، گل‌های گیاه از مزرعه تحقیقاتی پژوهشکده گیاهان دارویی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران برداشت و پس از تطبیق گیاه با نمونه‌های هرباریومی در بخش هرباریوم پژوهشکده کاملاً خشک شدند. اسانس‌گیری به دو روش متفاوت تقظیر با آب و روش فرا صوت انجام گرفت. مهمترین ترکیبات موثره اسانس‌ها با استفاده از دستگاه‌هایGC و GC/MC ارزیابی گردید و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره‌ها نیز با استفاده از روش DPPH مورد ارزیابی و مقایسه قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد، با بکارگیری همزمان تکنولوژی امواج فراصوت (درصد 0.1) و تقطیر با آب (درصد 0.05) اسانس این گیاه را با بازده بالاتر میتوان بدست آورد. در روش تقطیر با آب مهمترین ترکیبات ثانوی اسانس شامل: الفا - بیزابولن 66.08 درصد و کامازولن 6.46 درصد بدست آمد. در حالی که در روش کوپل شده با امواج فراصوت میزان الفا- بیزابولن تا دو برابر و کامازولن تا 17.23 درصد افزایش عملکرد داشت. در هر دو روش ترکیبات اصلی کامازولن و بیزابولول بهینه شناسایی و با استفاده از روش پیشنهادی به‌عنوان یک روش کاربردی کارامد برای جداسازی مهمترین ترکیبات ثانوی دارویی اسانس از نمونه‌های بابونه تعیین گردید.

المصادر:

1. Aboukhalid, K., Al Faiz, C., Douaik, A., Bakha, M., Kursa, K., Agacka-Mołdoch, M., Machon, N., Tomi, F. and Lamiri, A. 2017. Influence of environmental factors on essential oil variability in Origanum compactum growing wild in Morocco. Chemistry & Biodiversity, 14(9): 158-164.


2. Alimohammadi, M., Yadegari, M. and Shirmardi, H.A. 2017. Effect of elevation and phonological stages on essential oil composition of Stachys. Turkish Journal of Biochemistry, 42: 647–656.


3. Amiri, N., Yadegari, M. and Hamedi, B. 2018. Essential oil composition of Cirsium arvense produced in different climate and soil properties. Records of Natural Products, 12: 251-262.


4. Askin H, Tepe B, Sokmen A, Daferera D, Polissiou M. Composition of the essential oils of Tanacetum argyrophyllum and Matricaria chamomile from Turkey. Biochem Syst Ecol 2005; 33: 511-6.


5. Arianfar, M., Akbari Nodehi, D., Khodayar, H. and Rostampour, M. 2018. Effect of height and aspect on essential oil yield and some phytochemical properties of medicinal plants. Artemisia aucheri , and Matricaria chamomile .Besser in South Khorasan rangelands. Journal of Rangeland, 11(3): 281-294.


6. Chemat, F., Rombaut, N., Sicaire, A.-G. , Meullemiestre, A., Fabiano-Tixier, A.-S. , 2017. Ultrasound assisted extraction of food and natural products. Mechanisms, techniques, combinations, protocols and applications. A review, Ultrasonics sonochemistry 34 ; 540-560.


7. Formisanoa, C., Sebastiano, F.O,  Gian Carlo ,. Daniela , R.,   Senatorea, F.   Correlation among environmental factors, chemical composition and antioxidative properties of essential oil and extracts of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) collected in Molise (South-central  Italy).  ,. Volume 63, January, Pages 256-263


8. Franze C, Hoelzel J, Voemel A. Preliminary morphological and chemical characterization of some population and varieties of Matricaria chamomila Acta Hortic 2011 2: 379-85.


9. Ghasemi Arian, A., Fazeli Kakhki, S.F. and Rohani, H. 2019. Investigation of some ecological characteristics of Artemisia sieberi and estimation of its density by neural networks in Roodab section of Sabzevar. Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants, 7(4): 97-109.


10. Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Firoznezhad, M., Craker, L. and Akbarzadeh, M. 2013. Essential oil compositions, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of various populations of Artemisia chamaemelifolia at two phenological stages. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 23: 861-869.‏


11. Hiremath, C., Yadav, M. K., Swamy Gowda, M. R., Kumar, A. N. and Srinivas, K.V.N. 2020. Influence of growth stage on essential oil content and major chemical constituents of Artemisia pallens Trends in Phytochemical Research, 4: 85-92.‏

 

12. Hamdy, M. H . Robyab, A ;  Khaled, S.,  SelimaKhalel, A.H.,  Khalela , I. 2013. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil and extracts of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare L.) and chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) Industrial Crops and Products Volume 44, January, Pages 437-445


13. Hashemi, S.M.B., Khaneghah, A.M., Koubaa, M., F.J. Barba, E. Abedi, M. Niakousari, J. Tavakoli, 2018. Extraction of essential oil from Aloysia citriodora Palau leaves using continuous and pulsed ultrasound: Kinetics, antioxidant activity  and antimicrobial properties, Process Biochemistry 65 , 197-204.


14. Izadi Z, Modares sanavi AM, Sorooshzadeh A, Esna-Ashari M, Davoodi P. 2013. Antimicrobial activity of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) and feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L.). Armaghane Danesh.;18(1):31-43. [In Persian]


15. Kaufmann, B.., Christen, P. ,   Recent extraction techniques for natural products: microwave assisted extraction and pressurised solvent extraction, Phytochemical Analysis: An International Journal of Plant Chemical and Biochemical Techniques 13(2) ; 105-113.


16. Kowalski, R., M. Gagoś, G. Kowalska, U. Pankiewicz, M. Sujka, A. Mazurek, A. Nawrocka, 2019. Effects of ultrasound technique on the composition of different essential oils, Journal of analytical methods in chemistry .


17. Liu, X.-Y., Ou, Z.-B. Xiang, H. 2019. Gregersen, Optimization, chemical constituents and bioactivity of essential oil from Iberis amara seeds extracted by ultrasound-assisted hydrodistillation compared to conventional techniques, Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 13 ; 100204.


18. Liu, T., Linb, P., Bao, T., Ding, Y., Lha, O., Nan, P., Huang, Y., Gu, Zh. and Zhong, Y. 2018. Essential oil composition and antimicrobial activity of chammomile L. (Asteraceae) from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Industrial Crops and Products, 125: 1-4.


19. Mazandarani, M., Makari, S. and Bajian, G.R. 2011. Evaluation of phytochemical and antioxidant activity in different parts of Heracleum gorganicum in Golestan province, North of Iran. Journal of Plant Physiology, 2: 381-388.


20. Mazareei, A. and Fahmideh, L. 2019. Evaluation of phenolic compounds, anti-oxidant and anti bacteria function of metanolic extraction of Artemisia annua, Thymus vulgaris L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Salvia officinalis L. and Pistacia atlantica var mutica. Online Journal of Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants, January.


21. Marjanovic-Balaban . Zeljka R. , Vesna D. Kalaba ; , Jelena S. Stanojevic ;  & Dragan J. Cvetkovic Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Chamomile flowers essential oil (Matricaria chamomilla L.)
    Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, Volume 19- Issue 8


22. Moghtader, M., Salari, H., Mozafari, H. and Farahmand, A. 2019. Evaluation of phytochemical and antifungal effect of essential oil of Artemisia persica Boiss. in comparion with borneol against of Aspergillus niger. Online Journal of Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants, January.


23. Mozaffarian, V. 2008. A pictorial dictionary of botanical taxonomy latin-english - french - Germany - Persian. Germany: Koeltz Scientific Books.


24. Morsy, NF.A. 2015. short extraction time of high quality hydrodistilled cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton) essential oil using ultrasound as a pre-treatment, Industrial Crops and Products. 65. 287-292.


25. Nora, FMD. C.D. Borges, 2017. Ultrasound pre-treatment as an alternative to improve essential oils extraction, Ciência Rural 47(9).


26. Perera, C.O. M.A.J. 2021. Alzahrani, Ultrasound as a pre-treatment for extraction of bioactivecompounds and food safety: A review, LWT 142 ; 111114.


27. Smigielski, K.B.M. Majewska, A. Kunicka-Styczyñska, R. Gruska, 2014. The effect of ultrasound assisted maceration on the bioactivity, chemical composition and yield of essential oil from waste carrot seeds (Daucus carota), Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants 17(6) ; 1075-1086.


28. Santos, K.A. J. Klein, C. da Silva, E.A. da Silva, L. Cardozo-Filho, 2019. Extraction of vetiver(Chrysopogon zizanioides) root oil by supercritical CO2, pressurized-liquid, and ultrasound assisted methods and modeling of supercritical extraction kinetics, The Journal of Supercritical Fluids 150 ; 30-39.


29. Yang, M.-C. Wei, S.-J. Hong, 2014. Ultrasound-assisted extraction and quantitation of oils from Syzygium aromaticum flower bud (clove) with supercritical carbon dioxide, Journal of Chromatography A 1323 ; 18-27.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1. Aboukhalid, K., Al Faiz, C., Douaik, A., Bakha, M., Kursa, K., Agacka-Mołdoch, M., Machon, N., Tomi, F. and Lamiri, A. 2017. Influence of environmental factors on essential oil variability in Origanum compactum growing wild in Morocco. Chemistry & Biodiversity, 14(9): 158-164.


2. Alimohammadi, M., Yadegari, M. and Shirmardi, H.A. 2017. Effect of elevation and phonological stages on essential oil composition of Stachys. Turkish Journal of Biochemistry, 42: 647–656.


3. Amiri, N., Yadegari, M. and Hamedi, B. 2018. Essential oil composition of Cirsium arvense produced in different climate and soil properties. Records of Natural Products, 12: 251-262.


4. Askin H, Tepe B, Sokmen A, Daferera D, Polissiou M. Composition of the essential oils of Tanacetum argyrophyllum and Matricaria chamomile from Turkey. Biochem Syst Ecol 2005; 33: 511-6.


5. Arianfar, M., Akbari Nodehi, D., Khodayar, H. and Rostampour, M. 2018. Effect of height and aspect on essential oil yield and some phytochemical properties of medicinal plants. Artemisia aucheri , and Matricaria chamomile .Besser in South Khorasan rangelands. Journal of Rangeland, 11(3): 281-294.


6. Chemat, F., Rombaut, N., Sicaire, A.-G. , Meullemiestre, A., Fabiano-Tixier, A.-S. , 2017. Ultrasound assisted extraction of food and natural products. Mechanisms, techniques, combinations, protocols and applications. A review, Ultrasonics sonochemistry 34 ; 540-560.


7. Formisanoa, C., Sebastiano, F.O,  Gian Carlo ,. Daniela , R.,   Senatorea, F.   Correlation among environmental factors, chemical composition and antioxidative properties of essential oil and extracts of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) collected in Molise (South-central  Italy).  ,. Volume 63, January, Pages 256-263


8. Franze C, Hoelzel J, Voemel A. Preliminary morphological and chemical characterization of some population and varieties of Matricaria chamomila Acta Hortic 2011 2: 379-85.


9. Ghasemi Arian, A., Fazeli Kakhki, S.F. and Rohani, H. 2019. Investigation of some ecological characteristics of Artemisia sieberi and estimation of its density by neural networks in Roodab section of Sabzevar. Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants, 7(4): 97-109.


10. Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Firoznezhad, M., Craker, L. and Akbarzadeh, M. 2013. Essential oil compositions, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of various populations of Artemisia chamaemelifolia at two phenological stages. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 23: 861-869.‏


11. Hiremath, C., Yadav, M. K., Swamy Gowda, M. R., Kumar, A. N. and Srinivas, K.V.N. 2020. Influence of growth stage on essential oil content and major chemical constituents of Artemisia pallens Trends in Phytochemical Research, 4: 85-92.‏

 

12. Hamdy, M. H . Robyab, A ;  Khaled, S.,  SelimaKhalel, A.H.,  Khalela , I. 2013. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil and extracts of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare L.) and chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) Industrial Crops and Products Volume 44, January, Pages 437-445


13. Hashemi, S.M.B., Khaneghah, A.M., Koubaa, M., F.J. Barba, E. Abedi, M. Niakousari, J. Tavakoli, 2018. Extraction of essential oil from Aloysia citriodora Palau leaves using continuous and pulsed ultrasound: Kinetics, antioxidant activity  and antimicrobial properties, Process Biochemistry 65 , 197-204.


14. Izadi Z, Modares sanavi AM, Sorooshzadeh A, Esna-Ashari M, Davoodi P. 2013. Antimicrobial activity of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) and feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L.). Armaghane Danesh.;18(1):31-43. [In Persian]


15. Kaufmann, B.., Christen, P. ,   Recent extraction techniques for natural products: microwave assisted extraction and pressurised solvent extraction, Phytochemical Analysis: An International Journal of Plant Chemical and Biochemical Techniques 13(2) ; 105-113.


16. Kowalski, R., M. Gagoś, G. Kowalska, U. Pankiewicz, M. Sujka, A. Mazurek, A. Nawrocka, 2019. Effects of ultrasound technique on the composition of different essential oils, Journal of analytical methods in chemistry .


17. Liu, X.-Y., Ou, Z.-B. Xiang, H. 2019. Gregersen, Optimization, chemical constituents and bioactivity of essential oil from Iberis amara seeds extracted by ultrasound-assisted hydrodistillation compared to conventional techniques, Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 13 ; 100204.


18. Liu, T., Linb, P., Bao, T., Ding, Y., Lha, O., Nan, P., Huang, Y., Gu, Zh. and Zhong, Y. 2018. Essential oil composition and antimicrobial activity of chammomile L. (Asteraceae) from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Industrial Crops and Products, 125: 1-4.


19. Mazandarani, M., Makari, S. and Bajian, G.R. 2011. Evaluation of phytochemical and antioxidant activity in different parts of Heracleum gorganicum in Golestan province, North of Iran. Journal of Plant Physiology, 2: 381-388.


20. Mazareei, A. and Fahmideh, L. 2019. Evaluation of phenolic compounds, anti-oxidant and anti bacteria function of metanolic extraction of Artemisia annua, Thymus vulgaris L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Salvia officinalis L. and Pistacia atlantica var mutica. Online Journal of Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants, January.


21. Marjanovic-Balaban . Zeljka R. , Vesna D. Kalaba ; , Jelena S. Stanojevic ;  & Dragan J. Cvetkovic Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Chamomile flowers essential oil (Matricaria chamomilla L.)
    Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, Volume 19- Issue 8


22. Moghtader, M., Salari, H., Mozafari, H. and Farahmand, A. 2019. Evaluation of phytochemical and antifungal effect of essential oil of Artemisia persica Boiss. in comparion with borneol against of Aspergillus niger. Online Journal of Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants, January.


23. Mozaffarian, V. 2008. A pictorial dictionary of botanical taxonomy latin-english - french - Germany - Persian. Germany: Koeltz Scientific Books.


24. Morsy, NF.A. 2015. short extraction time of high quality hydrodistilled cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton) essential oil using ultrasound as a pre-treatment, Industrial Crops and Products. 65. 287-292.


25. Nora, FMD. C.D. Borges, 2017. Ultrasound pre-treatment as an alternative to improve essential oils extraction, Ciência Rural 47(9).


26. Perera, C.O. M.A.J. 2021. Alzahrani, Ultrasound as a pre-treatment for extraction of bioactivecompounds and food safety: A review, LWT 142 ; 111114.


27. Smigielski, K.B.M. Majewska, A. Kunicka-Styczyñska, R. Gruska, 2014. The effect of ultrasound assisted maceration on the bioactivity, chemical composition and yield of essential oil from waste carrot seeds (Daucus carota), Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants 17(6) ; 1075-1086.


28. Santos, K.A. J. Klein, C. da Silva, E.A. da Silva, L. Cardozo-Filho, 2019. Extraction of vetiver(Chrysopogon zizanioides) root oil by supercritical CO2, pressurized-liquid, and ultrasound assisted methods and modeling of supercritical extraction kinetics, The Journal of Supercritical Fluids 150 ; 30-39.


29. Yang, M.-C. Wei, S.-J. Hong, 2014. Ultrasound-assisted extraction and quantitation of oils from Syzygium aromaticum flower bud (clove) with supercritical carbon dioxide, Journal of Chromatography A 1323 ; 18-27.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1. Aboukhalid, K., Al Faiz, C., Douaik, A., Bakha, M., Kursa, K., Agacka-Mołdoch, M., Machon, N., Tomi, F. and Lamiri, A. 2017. Influence of environmental factors on essential oil variability in Origanum compactum growing wild in Morocco. Chemistry & Biodiversity, 14(9): 158-164.


2. Alimohammadi, M., Yadegari, M. and Shirmardi, H.A. 2017. Effect of elevation and phonological stages on essential oil composition of Stachys. Turkish Journal of Biochemistry, 42: 647–656.


3. Amiri, N., Yadegari, M. and Hamedi, B. 2018. Essential oil composition of Cirsium arvense produced in different climate and soil properties. Records of Natural Products, 12: 251-262.


4. Askin H, Tepe B, Sokmen A, Daferera D, Polissiou M. Composition of the essential oils of Tanacetum argyrophyllum and Matricaria chamomile from Turkey. Biochem Syst Ecol 2005; 33: 511-6.


5. Arianfar, M., Akbari Nodehi, D., Khodayar, H. and Rostampour, M. 2018. Effect of height and aspect on essential oil yield and some phytochemical properties of medicinal plants. Artemisia aucheri , and Matricaria chamomile .Besser in South Khorasan rangelands. Journal of Rangeland, 11(3): 281-294.


6. Chemat, F., Rombaut, N., Sicaire, A.-G. , Meullemiestre, A., Fabiano-Tixier, A.-S. , 2017. Ultrasound assisted extraction of food and natural products. Mechanisms, techniques, combinations, protocols and applications. A review, Ultrasonics sonochemistry 34 ; 540-560.


7. Formisanoa, C., Sebastiano, F.O,  Gian Carlo ,. Daniela , R.,   Senatorea, F.   Correlation among environmental factors, chemical composition and antioxidative properties of essential oil and extracts of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) collected in Molise (South-central  Italy).  ,. Volume 63, January, Pages 256-263


8. Franze C, Hoelzel J, Voemel A. Preliminary morphological and chemical characterization of some population and varieties of Matricaria chamomila Acta Hortic 2011 2: 379-85.


9. Ghasemi Arian, A., Fazeli Kakhki, S.F. and Rohani, H. 2019. Investigation of some ecological characteristics of Artemisia sieberi and estimation of its density by neural networks in Roodab section of Sabzevar. Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants, 7(4): 97-109.


10. Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Firoznezhad, M., Craker, L. and Akbarzadeh, M. 2013. Essential oil compositions, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of various populations of Artemisia chamaemelifolia at two phenological stages. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 23: 861-869.‏


11. Hiremath, C., Yadav, M. K., Swamy Gowda, M. R., Kumar, A. N. and Srinivas, K.V.N. 2020. Influence of growth stage on essential oil content and major chemical constituents of Artemisia pallens Trends in Phytochemical Research, 4: 85-92.‏

 

12. Hamdy, M. H . Robyab, A ;  Khaled, S.,  SelimaKhalel, A.H.,  Khalela , I. 2013. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil and extracts of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare L.) and chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) Industrial Crops and Products Volume 44, January, Pages 437-445


13. Hashemi, S.M.B., Khaneghah, A.M., Koubaa, M., F.J. Barba, E. Abedi, M. Niakousari, J. Tavakoli, 2018. Extraction of essential oil from Aloysia citriodora Palau leaves using continuous and pulsed ultrasound: Kinetics, antioxidant activity  and antimicrobial properties, Process Biochemistry 65 , 197-204.


14. Izadi Z, Modares sanavi AM, Sorooshzadeh A, Esna-Ashari M, Davoodi P. 2013. Antimicrobial activity of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) and feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L.). Armaghane Danesh.;18(1):31-43. [In Persian]


15. Kaufmann, B.., Christen, P. ,   Recent extraction techniques for natural products: microwave assisted extraction and pressurised solvent extraction, Phytochemical Analysis: An International Journal of Plant Chemical and Biochemical Techniques 13(2) ; 105-113.


16. Kowalski, R., M. Gagoś, G. Kowalska, U. Pankiewicz, M. Sujka, A. Mazurek, A. Nawrocka, 2019. Effects of ultrasound technique on the composition of different essential oils, Journal of analytical methods in chemistry .


17. Liu, X.-Y., Ou, Z.-B. Xiang, H. 2019. Gregersen, Optimization, chemical constituents and bioactivity of essential oil from Iberis amara seeds extracted by ultrasound-assisted hydrodistillation compared to conventional techniques, Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 13 ; 100204.


18. Liu, T., Linb, P., Bao, T., Ding, Y., Lha, O., Nan, P., Huang, Y., Gu, Zh. and Zhong, Y. 2018. Essential oil composition and antimicrobial activity of chammomile L. (Asteraceae) from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Industrial Crops and Products, 125: 1-4.


19. Mazandarani, M., Makari, S. and Bajian, G.R. 2011. Evaluation of phytochemical and antioxidant activity in different parts of Heracleum gorganicum in Golestan province, North of Iran. Journal of Plant Physiology, 2: 381-388.


20. Mazareei, A. and Fahmideh, L. 2019. Evaluation of phenolic compounds, anti-oxidant and anti bacteria function of metanolic extraction of Artemisia annua, Thymus vulgaris L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Salvia officinalis L. and Pistacia atlantica var mutica. Online Journal of Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants, January.


21. Marjanovic-Balaban . Zeljka R. , Vesna D. Kalaba ; , Jelena S. Stanojevic ;  & Dragan J. Cvetkovic Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Chamomile flowers essential oil (Matricaria chamomilla L.)
    Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, Volume 19- Issue 8


22. Moghtader, M., Salari, H., Mozafari, H. and Farahmand, A. 2019. Evaluation of phytochemical and antifungal effect of essential oil of Artemisia persica Boiss. in comparion with borneol against of Aspergillus niger. Online Journal of Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants, January.


23. Mozaffarian, V. 2008. A pictorial dictionary of botanical taxonomy latin-english - french - Germany - Persian. Germany: Koeltz Scientific Books.


24. Morsy, NF.A. 2015. short extraction time of high quality hydrodistilled cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton) essential oil using ultrasound as a pre-treatment, Industrial Crops and Products. 65. 287-292.


25. Nora, FMD. C.D. Borges, 2017. Ultrasound pre-treatment as an alternative to improve essential oils extraction, Ciência Rural 47(9).


26. Perera, C.O. M.A.J. 2021. Alzahrani, Ultrasound as a pre-treatment for extraction of bioactivecompounds and food safety: A review, LWT 142 ; 111114.


27. Smigielski, K.B.M. Majewska, A. Kunicka-Styczyñska, R. Gruska, 2014. The effect of ultrasound assisted maceration on the bioactivity, chemical composition and yield of essential oil from waste carrot seeds (Daucus carota), Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants 17(6) ; 1075-1086.


28. Santos, K.A. J. Klein, C. da Silva, E.A. da Silva, L. Cardozo-Filho, 2019. Extraction of vetiver(Chrysopogon zizanioides) root oil by supercritical CO2, pressurized-liquid, and ultrasound assisted methods and modeling of supercritical extraction kinetics, The Journal of Supercritical Fluids 150 ; 30-39.


29. Yang, M.-C. Wei, S.-J. Hong, 2014. Ultrasound-assisted extraction and quantitation of oils from Syzygium aromaticum flower bud (clove) with supercritical carbon dioxide, Journal of Chromatography A 1323 ; 18-27.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1. Aboukhalid, K., Al Faiz, C., Douaik, A., Bakha, M., Kursa, K., Agacka-Mołdoch, M., Machon, N., Tomi, F. and Lamiri, A. 2017. Influence of environmental factors on essential oil variability in Origanum compactum growing wild in Morocco. Chemistry & Biodiversity, 14(9): 158-164.


2. Alimohammadi, M., Yadegari, M. and Shirmardi, H.A. 2017. Effect of elevation and phonological stages on essential oil composition of Stachys. Turkish Journal of Biochemistry, 42: 647–656.


3. Amiri, N., Yadegari, M. and Hamedi, B. 2018. Essential oil composition of Cirsium arvense produced in different climate and soil properties. Records of Natural Products, 12: 251-262.


4. Askin H, Tepe B, Sokmen A, Daferera D, Polissiou M. Composition of the essential oils of Tanacetum argyrophyllum and Matricaria chamomile from Turkey. Biochem Syst Ecol 2005; 33: 511-6.


5. Arianfar, M., Akbari Nodehi, D., Khodayar, H. and Rostampour, M. 2018. Effect of height and aspect on essential oil yield and some phytochemical properties of medicinal plants. Artemisia aucheri , and Matricaria chamomile .Besser in South Khorasan rangelands. Journal of Rangeland, 11(3): 281-294.


6. Chemat, F., Rombaut, N., Sicaire, A.-G. , Meullemiestre, A., Fabiano-Tixier, A.-S. , 2017. Ultrasound assisted extraction of food and natural products. Mechanisms, techniques, combinations, protocols and applications. A review, Ultrasonics sonochemistry 34 ; 540-560.


7. Formisanoa, C., Sebastiano, F.O,  Gian Carlo ,. Daniela , R.,   Senatorea, F.   Correlation among environmental factors, chemical composition and antioxidative properties of essential oil and extracts of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) collected in Molise (South-central  Italy).  ,. Volume 63, January, Pages 256-263


8. Franze C, Hoelzel J, Voemel A. Preliminary morphological and chemical characterization of some population and varieties of Matricaria chamomila Acta Hortic 2011 2: 379-85.


9. Ghasemi Arian, A., Fazeli Kakhki, S.F. and Rohani, H. 2019. Investigation of some ecological characteristics of Artemisia sieberi and estimation of its density by neural networks in Roodab section of Sabzevar. Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants, 7(4): 97-109.


10. Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Firoznezhad, M., Craker, L. and Akbarzadeh, M. 2013. Essential oil compositions, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of various populations of Artemisia chamaemelifolia at two phenological stages. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 23: 861-869.‏


11. Hiremath, C., Yadav, M. K., Swamy Gowda, M. R., Kumar, A. N. and Srinivas, K.V.N. 2020. Influence of growth stage on essential oil content and major chemical constituents of Artemisia pallens Trends in Phytochemical Research, 4: 85-92.‏

 

12. Hamdy, M. H . Robyab, A ;  Khaled, S.,  SelimaKhalel, A.H.,  Khalela , I. 2013. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil and extracts of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare L.) and chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) Industrial Crops and Products Volume 44, January, Pages 437-445


13. Hashemi, S.M.B., Khaneghah, A.M., Koubaa, M., F.J. Barba, E. Abedi, M. Niakousari, J. Tavakoli, 2018. Extraction of essential oil from Aloysia citriodora Palau leaves using continuous and pulsed ultrasound: Kinetics, antioxidant activity  and antimicrobial properties, Process Biochemistry 65 , 197-204.


14. Izadi Z, Modares sanavi AM, Sorooshzadeh A, Esna-Ashari M, Davoodi P. 2013. Antimicrobial activity of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) and feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L.). Armaghane Danesh.;18(1):31-43. [In Persian]


15. Kaufmann, B.., Christen, P. ,   Recent extraction techniques for natural products: microwave assisted extraction and pressurised solvent extraction, Phytochemical Analysis: An International Journal of Plant Chemical and Biochemical Techniques 13(2) ; 105-113.


16. Kowalski, R., M. Gagoś, G. Kowalska, U. Pankiewicz, M. Sujka, A. Mazurek, A. Nawrocka, 2019. Effects of ultrasound technique on the composition of different essential oils, Journal of analytical methods in chemistry .


17. Liu, X.-Y., Ou, Z.-B. Xiang, H. 2019. Gregersen, Optimization, chemical constituents and bioactivity of essential oil from Iberis amara seeds extracted by ultrasound-assisted hydrodistillation compared to conventional techniques, Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 13 ; 100204.


18. Liu, T., Linb, P., Bao, T., Ding, Y., Lha, O., Nan, P., Huang, Y., Gu, Zh. and Zhong, Y. 2018. Essential oil composition and antimicrobial activity of chammomile L. (Asteraceae) from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Industrial Crops and Products, 125: 1-4.


19. Mazandarani, M., Makari, S. and Bajian, G.R. 2011. Evaluation of phytochemical and antioxidant activity in different parts of Heracleum gorganicum in Golestan province, North of Iran. Journal of Plant Physiology, 2: 381-388.


20. Mazareei, A. and Fahmideh, L. 2019. Evaluation of phenolic compounds, anti-oxidant and anti bacteria function of metanolic extraction of Artemisia annua, Thymus vulgaris L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Salvia officinalis L. and Pistacia atlantica var mutica. Online Journal of Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants, January.


21. Marjanovic-Balaban . Zeljka R. , Vesna D. Kalaba ; , Jelena S. Stanojevic ;  & Dragan J. Cvetkovic Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Chamomile flowers essential oil (Matricaria chamomilla L.)
    Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, Volume 19- Issue 8


22. Moghtader, M., Salari, H., Mozafari, H. and Farahmand, A. 2019. Evaluation of phytochemical and antifungal effect of essential oil of Artemisia persica Boiss. in comparion with borneol against of Aspergillus niger. Online Journal of Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants, January.


23. Mozaffarian, V. 2008. A pictorial dictionary of botanical taxonomy latin-english - french - Germany - Persian. Germany: Koeltz Scientific Books.


24. Morsy, NF.A. 2015. short extraction time of high quality hydrodistilled cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton) essential oil using ultrasound as a pre-treatment, Industrial Crops and Products. 65. 287-292.


25. Nora, FMD. C.D. Borges, 2017. Ultrasound pre-treatment as an alternative to improve essential oils extraction, Ciência Rural 47(9).


26. Perera, C.O. M.A.J. 2021. Alzahrani, Ultrasound as a pre-treatment for extraction of bioactivecompounds and food safety: A review, LWT 142 ; 111114.


27. Smigielski, K.B.M. Majewska, A. Kunicka-Styczyñska, R. Gruska, 2014. The effect of ultrasound assisted maceration on the bioactivity, chemical composition and yield of essential oil from waste carrot seeds (Daucus carota), Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants 17(6) ; 1075-1086.


28. Santos, K.A. J. Klein, C. da Silva, E.A. da Silva, L. Cardozo-Filho, 2019. Extraction of vetiver(Chrysopogon zizanioides) root oil by supercritical CO2, pressurized-liquid, and ultrasound assisted methods and modeling of supercritical extraction kinetics, The Journal of Supercritical Fluids 150 ; 30-39.


29. Yang, M.-C. Wei, S.-J. Hong, 2014. Ultrasound-assisted extraction and quantitation of oils from Syzygium aromaticum flower bud (clove) with supercritical carbon dioxide, Journal of Chromatography A 1323 ; 18-27.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1. Aboukhalid, K., Al Faiz, C., Douaik, A., Bakha, M., Kursa, K., Agacka-Mołdoch, M., Machon, N., Tomi, F. and Lamiri, A. 2017. Influence of environmental factors on essential oil variability in Origanum compactum growing wild in Morocco. Chemistry & Biodiversity, 14(9): 158-164.


2. Alimohammadi, M., Yadegari, M. and Shirmardi, H.A. 2017. Effect of elevation and phonological stages on essential oil composition of Stachys. Turkish Journal of Biochemistry, 42: 647–656.


3. Amiri, N., Yadegari, M. and Hamedi, B. 2018. Essential oil composition of Cirsium arvense produced in different climate and soil properties. Records of Natural Products, 12: 251-262.


4. Askin H, Tepe B, Sokmen A, Daferera D, Polissiou M. Composition of the essential oils of Tanacetum argyrophyllum and Matricaria chamomile from Turkey. Biochem Syst Ecol 2005; 33: 511-6.


5. Arianfar, M., Akbari Nodehi, D., Khodayar, H. and Rostampour, M. 2018. Effect of height and aspect on essential oil yield and some phytochemical properties of medicinal plants. Artemisia aucheri , and Matricaria chamomile .Besser in South Khorasan rangelands. Journal of Rangeland, 11(3): 281-294.


6. Chemat, F., Rombaut, N., Sicaire, A.-G. , Meullemiestre, A., Fabiano-Tixier, A.-S. , 2017. Ultrasound assisted extraction of food and natural products. Mechanisms, techniques, combinations, protocols and applications. A review, Ultrasonics sonochemistry 34 ; 540-560.


7. Formisanoa, C., Sebastiano, F.O,  Gian Carlo ,. Daniela , R.,   Senatorea, F.   Correlation among environmental factors, chemical composition and antioxidative properties of essential oil and extracts of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) collected in Molise (South-central  Italy).  ,. Volume 63, January, Pages 256-263


8. Franze C, Hoelzel J, Voemel A. Preliminary morphological and chemical characterization of some population and varieties of Matricaria chamomila Acta Hortic 2011 2: 379-85.


9. Ghasemi Arian, A., Fazeli Kakhki, S.F. and Rohani, H. 2019. Investigation of some ecological characteristics of Artemisia sieberi and estimation of its density by neural networks in Roodab section of Sabzevar. Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants, 7(4): 97-109.


10. Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Firoznezhad, M., Craker, L. and Akbarzadeh, M. 2013. Essential oil compositions, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of various populations of Artemisia chamaemelifolia at two phenological stages. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 23: 861-869.‏


11. Hiremath, C., Yadav, M. K., Swamy Gowda, M. R., Kumar, A. N. and Srinivas, K.V.N. 2020. Influence of growth stage on essential oil content and major chemical constituents of Artemisia pallens Trends in Phytochemical Research, 4: 85-92.‏

 

12. Hamdy, M. H . Robyab, A ;  Khaled, S.,  SelimaKhalel, A.H.,  Khalela , I. 2013. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil and extracts of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare L.) and chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) Industrial Crops and Products Volume 44, January, Pages 437-445


13. Hashemi, S.M.B., Khaneghah, A.M., Koubaa, M., F.J. Barba, E. Abedi, M. Niakousari, J. Tavakoli, 2018. Extraction of essential oil from Aloysia citriodora Palau leaves using continuous and pulsed ultrasound: Kinetics, antioxidant activity  and antimicrobial properties, Process Biochemistry 65 , 197-204.


14. Izadi Z, Modares sanavi AM, Sorooshzadeh A, Esna-Ashari M, Davoodi P. 2013. Antimicrobial activity of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) and feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L.). Armaghane Danesh.;18(1):31-43. [In Persian]


15. Kaufmann, B.., Christen, P. ,   Recent extraction techniques for natural products: microwave assisted extraction and pressurised solvent extraction, Phytochemical Analysis: An International Journal of Plant Chemical and Biochemical Techniques 13(2) ; 105-113.


16. Kowalski, R., M. Gagoś, G. Kowalska, U. Pankiewicz, M. Sujka, A. Mazurek, A. Nawrocka, 2019. Effects of ultrasound technique on the composition of different essential oils, Journal of analytical methods in chemistry .


17. Liu, X.-Y., Ou, Z.-B. Xiang, H. 2019. Gregersen, Optimization, chemical constituents and bioactivity of essential oil from Iberis amara seeds extracted by ultrasound-assisted hydrodistillation compared to conventional techniques, Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 13 ; 100204.


18. Liu, T., Linb, P., Bao, T., Ding, Y., Lha, O., Nan, P., Huang, Y., Gu, Zh. and Zhong, Y. 2018. Essential oil composition and antimicrobial activity of chammomile L. (Asteraceae) from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Industrial Crops and Products, 125: 1-4.


19. Mazandarani, M., Makari, S. and Bajian, G.R. 2011. Evaluation of phytochemical and antioxidant activity in different parts of Heracleum gorganicum in Golestan province, North of Iran. Journal of Plant Physiology, 2: 381-388.


20. Mazareei, A. and Fahmideh, L. 2019. Evaluation of phenolic compounds, anti-oxidant and anti bacteria function of metanolic extraction of Artemisia annua, Thymus vulgaris L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Salvia officinalis L. and Pistacia atlantica var mutica. Online Journal of Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants, January.


21. Marjanovic-Balaban . Zeljka R. , Vesna D. Kalaba ; , Jelena S. Stanojevic ;  & Dragan J. Cvetkovic Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Chamomile flowers essential oil (Matricaria chamomilla L.)
    Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, Volume 19- Issue 8


22. Moghtader, M., Salari, H., Mozafari, H. and Farahmand, A. 2019. Evaluation of phytochemical and antifungal effect of essential oil of Artemisia persica Boiss. in comparion with borneol against of Aspergillus niger. Online Journal of Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants, January.


23. Mozaffarian, V. 2008. A pictorial dictionary of botanical taxonomy latin-english - french - Germany - Persian. Germany: Koeltz Scientific Books.


24. Morsy, NF.A. 2015. short extraction time of high quality hydrodistilled cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton) essential oil using ultrasound as a pre-treatment, Industrial Crops and Products. 65. 287-292.


25. Nora, FMD. C.D. Borges, 2017. Ultrasound pre-treatment as an alternative to improve essential oils extraction, Ciência Rural 47(9).


26. Perera, C.O. M.A.J. 2021. Alzahrani, Ultrasound as a pre-treatment for extraction of bioactivecompounds and food safety: A review, LWT 142 ; 111114.


27. Smigielski, K.B.M. Majewska, A. Kunicka-Styczyñska, R. Gruska, 2014. The effect of ultrasound assisted maceration on the bioactivity, chemical composition and yield of essential oil from waste carrot seeds (Daucus carota), Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants 17(6) ; 1075-1086.


28. Santos, K.A. J. Klein, C. da Silva, E.A. da Silva, L. Cardozo-Filho, 2019. Extraction of vetiver(Chrysopogon zizanioides) root oil by supercritical CO2, pressurized-liquid, and ultrasound assisted methods and modeling of supercritical extraction kinetics, The Journal of Supercritical Fluids 150 ; 30-39.


29. Yang, M.-C. Wei, S.-J. Hong, 2014. Ultrasound-assisted extraction and quantitation of oils from Syzygium aromaticum flower bud (clove) with supercritical carbon dioxide, Journal of Chromatography A 1323 ; 18-27.