The Use of Speaking Strategies by Iranian EFL University Students
الموضوعات :Nasrollah Kabirzadeh Najafabadi 1
1 - Islamic Azad University of Najafabad
الکلمات المفتاحية: gender, communication strategies, Iranian EFL Students, English proficiency level,
ملخص المقالة :
Speaking is one important skill in language learning. EFL students are sometimes faced with problems, while speaking to their interlocutors due to the lack of sufficient linguistic knowledge, and they have to quit the conversation. This study examines the use of speaking strategies by some Iranian male and female EFL university students .The use of these strategies was examined in relation to the EFL university students’ gender and their proficiency level based on which, they were classified as low, intermediate and high-proficient groups .A sample of 100 Iranian EFL students was randomly selected .The sample consisted of students with different gender and proficiency levels. The questionnaire of communication strategies use was administered. It included five main categories in 30 items for speaking. The results showed no differences related to the use of speaking strategies by EFL students and their gender. In relation to the use of speaking strategies by EFL students and their proficiency levels, no differences were observed, either. The implications of this study are discussed in this article.
Bialystok, E., (1990). Communication strategies: A psychological analysis of second language use. Oxford, England: Blackwell.
Brown, J. D. (2001). Using surveys in language programs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Canale, M., (1983). From communication competence to communicative language pedagogy .English for cross-cultural communication. New York: Longman.
Cohen, A. D. (1998). Strategies in learning and using a second language. London: Longman.
Dörnyei, Z. & Thurrell, S. (1992). Conversation and dialogues in action. London: Prince Hall International.
Dornyei, Z. (1995). On the teachability of communication strategies. TESOL Quarterly, 29, 55-85.
Faerch, C. &Kasper, G. (1983).Plans and strategies in foreign language communication .In Gilmore, (1985).Silence and sulking: Emotional displays in the classroom. In D.Tannen &M. Saville- Torike (Eds.) Perspectives on silence (pp.139-164).Norwood, NJ: Ablex Press.
kabirzadeh Najafabadi, Nasrollah & Omid Tabatabaei, 1392, THE IMPACT OF GENDER AND SELF-EVALUATION ON THE APPLICATION OF SPEAKING STRATEGIES BY IRANIAN EFL LEARNERS, اولین کنفرانس ملی آموزش زبان انگلیسی، ادبیات و مترجمی, شیراز, موسسه بین المللی آموزشی و پژوهشی خوارزمی, http://www.civilica.com/Paper-TELT01-TELT01_052.html
Karimnia, A., &Izadparast, R. (2007).On communicative and linguistic competence. International Journal of Communication, 17,101-112.
Kim, Y.M. (1995), The effect of gender and learning context on the use of language learning strategies, English Teaching, 50,331-345.
Maleki, A. (2007). Teaching ability of communication strategies: An Iranian experience.Available online at www.sciencedirect.com.System 35(2007)583-594.
Nakatani, Y. (2005).The effects of awareness raising training on oral communication strategy use. The Modern Language Journal, 89(1), 76-91.
Nyikos, M.1999.The effect of key backgrounds variables on high school learning strategies .In: Oxford, R.L. (Eds.), Language learning strategies in the context of autonomy: Strategy Research Compendium; Proceedings of the first annual strategy research symposium. Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, pp.51-53.
Oh, J.I. (1996), The effects of attitude and sex on the use of EFL learners’ strategies, English Teaching, 51, 35-53.
Oxford, R. L. (1990). Language learning strategies: What every teacher should know. New York: Newbury House/Harper & Row.
Oxford, R. L., & Nyikos, M. (1993). Variables affecting choice of language learning
strategies by university students. Modern Language Journal, 73(3), 291-300.
Rabab’ah, G.A., 2005.Communication problems facing Arab learners of English .Journal of language and learning3 (1), 194.
Rubin, J. (1975). What the “good language learner” can teach us. TESOL Quarterly, 9,
41-51.
Stern, H. H. (1975). Fundamental concepts of language teaching. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press
Tarone,E.(1981).Some thoughts of the notion of communication strategy. TESOL Quarterly, 15(3), 285-295.
Yule, G., Tarone, E. (1990). Eliciting the performance of strategic competence. Communicative competence in a Second Language. New York: Newbury House.
