Predicting Teachers' Computer Anxiety Based on their Personality Traits and Emotional Intelligence Components
Subject Areas : Infomartion Technology
Saeed Latifi
1
(Ph.D. Student in Educational Technology, Tarbiat Modarres University)
Azad Allah Karami
2
(Ph.D. Student in Educational Technology, Allameh Tabatabaei University)
Afshin Baba Moradi
3
(M.A. Graduated in Educational Psychology, Allameh Tabatabaei University)
Keywords: computer anxiety, Emotional Intelligence, teachers, personality traits,
Abstract :
This study aimed to predict computer anxiety based on emotional intelligence and personality traits in teachers in 2012-13 academic year. The study was correlative and predictive. The statistical population consisted of all the teachers of public high schools in central region of the city of Karaj. The sample included 160 teachers (83 male and 77 female) who were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling. The data were collected using Shearing's Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire, Neo’s Personality Traits Questionnaire, Hansen et al. Computer Anxiety Questionnaire and demographic questionnaire. The data were analyzed with the Pearson Correlation Coefficient, stepwise regression, and independent t test. The results indicated that there were significant negative relationship between computer anxiety with emotional intelligence components and with extroversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness (P<0.01). There was a significant positive relationship between computer anxiety and neuroticism (P<0.01). Stepwise regression results showed that among the components of the emotional intelligence, the variables self-motivation, self-awareness, empathy, and self-regulation, respectively, entered into the analysis as the predictor variables (totally %36). Among the personality traits, neuroticism and openness to experience had the highest degree of predicting, respectively (totally %16). In addition, no significant relationship was observed in the score of computer anxiety in terms of sex and age.
1. Ahmadi, M. S. (2012). Between five-factor personality traits and emotional intelligence in male and female students of Miyane’s Islamic Azad University. Knowledge and Research in Applied Psychology, 2(48). (in Persian).
2.Akbari Borang, M., & Rezaiyan, H. (2008). Computer anxiety and its relationship to computer self-efficacy in students of Arak University. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 14(1), 90-92. (in Persian)
3. Annamaria, D., & Fabio, L. P. (2009). Emotional intelligence, personality traits and career decision difficulties. International Journals of Education, 9, 135-146.
4. Anthony, L. M., Clarke, M. C., & Anderson, S. J. (2000). Technophobia and personality subtypes in a sample of South African university students. Computers in Human Behaviour, 16, 31-44.
5. Atkinson R. L., Atkinson, R. C., Smith, E. E., Bem, D. J., & Hoeksema, S. N. (2006). Hilgard's Introduction To Psychology. (Translated by Baraheni et al.). Tehran: Roshd. (in Persian).
6. Bakker, A. B., Van der Zee, K.I., Ledwig, K. A., & Dollard, M. F. (2006). The relationship between the Big-Five personality factors and burnout: A study among volunteer counsellors. The Journal of Social Psychology, 146, 31-50.
7. Bar-On, R. (2000). Emotional and Social Intelligence: Insights from the Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i). In R. Bar-On & J. D. A. Parker (Eds.), Handbook of emotional intelligence. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
8. Bozionelos, N. (2001). Computer anxiety: Relationship with computer experience and prevalence. Computers in Human Behavior, 17, 213–224.
9. Bross, A. (2005). Gender and information and communication technologies (ICT) anxiety: Male self-assurance and female hesitation. CyberPsychology and Behavior, 8(1), 21–31.
10. Chou, Ch. (2003). Incidences and correlates of Internet anxiety among high school teachers in Taiwan. Computers in Human Behavior, 19, 731–749
11. Cooper, J. (2006). The digital divide: The special case of gender. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 22, 320–334.
12. Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992).Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) and the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
13. Crsini, R. (2001). The Dictionary of Psychology. Branner Mazel Taylor and Francis Company, USA.
14. Doronina, O. V. (2003). Fear of computers; its nature prevention and cure. Russian Social Review, 36(4), 79-89.
15. Femandez-Berrocal, P., Alcaide, R., Extremera, N., & Pizarro, D. (2006). The role of emotional intelligence in anxiety and depression among adolescents. Pers Individ Dif, 4, 16-7.
16. Gürcan-Namlu, A., & Ceyhan, E. (2003). Computer anxiety: Multidimensional analysis on teacher candidates. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 3(2), 401-432.
17. Heinssen, R. K., Glass, C. R., & Knight, L. A. (1987). Assessing computer anxiety: Development and validation of the computer anxiety rating scale. Computers in Human Behavior, 3, 49-59.
18. Henderson, R., Deane, F., & Ward, M. (1995). Occupational differences in computer related anxiety: Implications for the implementation of a computerized patient management information system. Behavior and Information Technology, 14(1), 23-31.
19. Joyce, E. B., & Meredith, A. V. (2007). Personality and emotional performance: Extra version, Neuroticism, and self– monitoring. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 2(2), 177-192.
20. Katz, Y. J., & Offir, B. (1991). The relationship between personality and computer related attitudes of Israeli teachers. Education and Computing, 7, 249-252.
21. Khanjani, Z., Hosaini Nasab, D., & Sadegh, F. (2010). Investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence with depression and anxiety in adolescent girls Meshkinshar 2010. Educational Sciences, 3(9), 69-51. (in Persian)
22. Khorsandi, F., Kamkar, M., & Malakpoor, M. (2010). The relationship between the five-factor personality traits and self-regulated learning strategies in male and female high school students of year 2007/2008. New Educational Approaches, 4(2), 41-64. (in Persian)
23. King, J., Bond, T., & Blanford, S. (2002). An investigation of computer anxiety by gender and grade. Computers in Human Behavior, 18, 69-84.
24. Korukonda, A. R. (2005). Personality, individual characteristics, and predisposition to technophobia: Some answers, questions and points to ponder about. Information Sciences, 170, 309-328.
25. Lavasani, M. Gh. (2002). Investigating of relationship Individual variables of anxiety level undergraduate students of Tehran University. Journal of Psychology and Education Sciences, 32(2), 109-133. (in Persian)
26. Mansouri, B. (2001). Translation and Standardization Sybrya Shrink Test in State University. Master's thesis, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran. (in Persian).
27. Mashhadi, A., Soltani Shorbakhlo, A., & Hashemi Zarini, S. (2010). Components of emotional intelligence and its relationship with anxiety. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health, 12(4), 654-66. (in Persian)
28. Mayer J. D., Salovey P., & Caruso, D. (2004). Emotional intelligence: Theory, findings, and implications. Psychol Inq, 15, 197-215.
29. Mayer J., Salovey P., & Caruso D. (2008). Emotional intelligence: New ability of eclectic traits. American Psychologist, 63, 503-517.
30. McCrae, R. R. (2000). Emotional intelligence from the perspective of the five-factor model of personality. In R. Bar-on & J. D. A. Parker. Handbook of Emotional Intelligence. San Francisco: Jessey - Bass.
31. Mcilroy, D., Bunting, B., Tierney, K., & Gordon, M. (2001). The relation of gender and background experience to self-reported computing anxieties and cognitions. Computers in Human Behavior, 17, 21-33.
32. Mcilroy, D., Sadler, C., & Boojawon, N. (2007). Computer phobia and computer self-efficacy: Their association with undergraduates’ use of university computer facilities. Computers in Human Behavior, 6, 1285-1299.
33. Mennin, D. S., Turk, C. L., Heimberg, R. G., & Carmin, C. N. (2004). Focusing on the regulation of emotion: A new direction for conceptualizing and treating generalized anxiety disorder. In: Reinecke MA, Clark DA. (editors). Cognitive therapy over the lifespan: Theory, research and practice. New York: Wiley: 60-89.
34. Namlu, A., & Ceyhan, E. (2002). Computer anxiety: A study on university students. Eskisehir: Anadolu University Publishing.
35. Petrides, K. V., & Furnham, A. (2003). Trait emotional intelligence: Behavioral validation in two studies of emotion recognition and reactivity to mood induction. European Journal of Personality, 17, 39-57.
36. Rahimi, M. (2006). Field of study users and sex balance in the use of Internet. Articles Collections of Conference on Internet and women of the third millennium. Tehran: Office of Women's Affairs Sepah. (in Persian)
37. Rahimi, M., & Yadolahi, S. (2011). The relationship between computer anxiety among high school students by field of study, gender and academic achievement in English. Journal of Educational Innovations, 10(39), 51-73. (in Persian).
38. Rosen, L. D., & Weil, M. M. (1995). Computer availability, computer experience and technophobia among public school teachers. Computers in Human Behavior, 11(1), 9-31.
39. Salovey P., & Grewal, D. (2005). The science of emotional intelligence. Curr Dir Psychol Sci, 14, 281-5.
40. Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. (1990). Emotional Intelligence. Imagination, Cognition, and Personality, 9(3), 185-211.
41. Simonson, M. R., Maurer, M., Montag Torardi, M., & Whitaker, M. (1987). Development of a standardized test of computer literacy and a computer anxiety index. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 3(2), 231–247.
42. Soltanifar, A. (2007). Emotional Intelligence. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health, 9(35-36), 83-84. (in Persian).
43. Summerfeldt L. J., Kloosterman, P. H., Antony, M. M., McCabe, R. E., & Parker, J. D. (2010). Emotional intelligence in social phobia and other anxiety disorders. Journal ofPsychopathology and Behavioural Assessment, 33, 69-78.
44. Sunil, K., & Rooprai, K. Y. (2009). Role of emotional intelligence in managing stress and anxiety at workplace. Proceeding of the ASBBS Annual Conference, Las Vegas, USA.
45. Thatcher, J. B., & Perrewe, P. L. (2002). Traits and antecedents to computer anxiety and computer self-efficacy. MIS Quarterly, 26(4), 381–396.
46. Todman, J. (2000). Gender difference in computer anxiety among university entrants since 1992. Computers & Education, 34(1), 27-35.
47. Ursava’s, Ö. F., & Karal, H. (2009). Assessing pre-service teachers’ computer phobia levels in terms of gender and experience, Turkish sample. International Journal of Behavioural, Cognitive, Educational and Psychological Sciences, 1, 71-75.
48. Van der Linden, D., Tsaousis, I., & Petrides, K. V. (2012). Overlap between general factors of personality in the big five, giant three, and trait emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 53, 175-179.
49. Warren, D. B. (2011). The Relationship between Computer Anxiety, Personality and Organisational Effectiveness. A dissertation submitted to the Department of Psychology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Industrial/Organisational Psychology.
50. Weil, M. M., Rosen, L. D., & Wugalter, S. E. (1990). The etiology of computerphobia. Computers in Human Behavior, 6, 361–379.
51. Yaghi, H. M., & Abu-Saba, M. B. (1998). Teachers' computer anxiety: An international perspective. Computers in HumanBehavior, 14(2), 321 – 336.
52. Zhang, Y. (2005). Age, gender, and Internet attitudes among employees in the business world. Computers in Human Behavior, 21, 1–10.
