Phytochemical determination and LCMS analysis of the aqueous ethanol leaf extract of Pavonia senegalensis (cav.) Liestner (Malvaceae)

Subject Areas : Journal of Medicinal Herbs, "J. Med Herb" (Formerly known as Journal of Herbal Drugs or J. Herb Drug)

Umar Faruk Shehu ¹ (Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria)
Abdulmumin Zayd Abubakar ² (Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria)
Salisu Shehu ³ (Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria)
Salisu Awwalu ⁴ (Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria)

Received: 2023-04-16 Accepted : 2023-07-28 Published : 2023-06-22

Keywords: Screening, Flavonoids, Chromatography, saponins, Glycosides,

Abstract :

Background & Aim: The leaves of Pavonia senegalensis are used in African traditional medicine in the treatment of wounds and bone infection. The aim of this study is to quantify the phytochemical constituents and establish the LCMS profile of the hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of P. senegalensis which can be used in the authentication, standardization and quality control of herbal products labelled as the leaves of P. senegalensisExperimental: Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of the aqueous ethanol leaf extract were carried out using standard methods. LCMS analysis was carried out for identification of phytochemical compounds in the aqueous ethanol leaf extract of the plant.Results: The phytochemical screening of the aqueous ethanol leaf extract of P. senegalensis showed the presence of phenolic compounds (flavonoids and tannins) and steroids/triterpenes (saponins). The quantitative phtytochemical determination per gram of the plant extract revealed total phenolics 152.5 mg/g, flavonoids 133.4 mg/g, tannins 24.50 mg/g and saponins 81.9 mg/g. Eight compounds were tentatively identified from the LCMS analysis of the plant extract which included the flavonoid glycosides: kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-glucose-6''-acetate, luteolin-8-C-glucoside, daidzein O-di-hexosidemalonylated, kaempferol hexose glucuronide, malvidin 3-O-glucoside and Dihexosyl luteolin sulfate; and the saponin Oleanolic acid 3-O-glucose acid.Recommended applications/industries: The results of this study can be used in the identification process and help in quality control for authentication and detection of adulteration of herbal medicines labelled as P. senegalensis.

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