الگوی پیوستگی نامتعادل در ژنوم حیوانات اهلی

Subject Areas : Camel

م. نصرتی ¹ (Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran)

Received: 2016-05-08 Accepted : 2016-10-01 Published : 2017-03-01

Keywords: SNP, انتخاب ژنومی, Dˊ, r2, پیوستگی متعادل,

Abstract :

پیوستگی متعادل پایه انتخاب ژنومی، ایمپوتیشن نشانگر­های ژنتیکی، انتخاب بر مبنای نشانگر، مکان­یابی جایگاه صفات کمی، آزمون تشخیص والدین و مطالعات ارتباطی کل ژنوم می­باشد. آلل­ها در جایگاه­های نزدیک بهم تمایل به با هم بودن دارند. در جایگاه­های پیوسته این الگو منجر به ارتباط بین آلل­ها در جمعیت می­شود که پیوستگی نامتعادل خوانده می­شود. دو پارامتر Dˊ و r2 برای اندازه­گیری وسعت پیوستگی نامتعادل در جمعیت پیشنهاد شده است. Dˊ بیشتر از r2 تحت تأثیر تغییرات فراوانی آللی قرار دارد. در‌ طی سال‌های گذشته کلیه مطالعات بر روی پیوستگی نامتعادل با استفاده از نشانگر ریزماهواره انجام می­شد. با پیشرفت در توالی­یابی کل ژنوم حجم بالای از SNP در ژنوم شناسایی شد و ریزماهواره‌ها با SNP­ها جایگزین شدند. با استفاده از SNP سطح بالای از پیوستگی نامتعادل در فواصل کوتاه گزارش شد. فاکتور­های زیادی مانند انتخاب، مهاجرت، رانش ژنتیکی، جهش، اندازه جمعیت کوچک و نوترکیبی پیوستگی نامتعادل را تحت تأثیر قرار می­دهند. بنابراین به نظر می­رسد، پیوستگی ژنتیکی ابزار مناسبی برای بررسی ژنتیکی صفات کمی حیوانات اهلی می‌باشد. بعلاوه نقشه­های مقایسه­ای پیوستگی نامتعادل، ما را قادر به بررسی میزان تنوع بین نژاد­ها و شناسایی نواحی ژنومی تحت فشار انتخاب می­سازد. در این مقاله مروری بر مفهوم و روش­های موجود برای برآورد مقدار و وسعت پیوستگی نامتعادل در جمعیت حیوانات اهلی خواهیم داشت.

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