Effect of Feeding Quickly Degradable Nitrogen on the Development of Ovarian Follicles in Lactating Dairy Cows

Subject Areas : Camel

پ.م. داوودا ¹ (Reproduction and Development Group, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, United Kingdom)
ر. اسکاراموزی ² (Reproduction and Development Group, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, United Kingdom)
د.سی واتس ³ (Reproduction and Development Group, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, United Kingdom)

Received: 2015-05-26 Accepted : 2015-07-31 Published : 2016-06-01

Keywords: اوره, گاوهای شیری شیرده, فولیکول‌های تخمدان,

References:

AFRC. (1993). Energy and Protein requirement of Ruminants. An Advisory Manual Prepared by the AFRC Technical Committee on Responses to Nutrients. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.

Al-Katanani Y.M., Paula-Lopes F.F. and Hansen P.J. (2002). Effect of season and exposure to heat stress on oocyte competence in Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85, 390-396.

BulmanD.C. and Lamming G.E. (1978). Milk progesterone levels in relation to conception, repeat breeding and factors influencing acyclicity in dairy cows. J. Reprod. Fertil. 54, 447-458.

Butler W.R. (2000). Nutritional interactions with reproductive performance in dairy cows. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 61, 449-457.

Butler W.R. (1998). Review: effect of protein nutrition on ovarian and uterine physiology in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 81, 2533-2539.

Butler W.R., Calaman J.J. and Beam S.W. (1996). Plasma and milk nitrogen in relation to pregnancy rate in lactating dairy cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 74, 858-865.

Canfield R.W., Sniffen C.J. and Butler W.R. (1990). Effects of excess degradable protein on postpartum reproduction and energy balance in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 73, 2342-2349.

Caroll D.J., Barton B.A., Anderson G.W. and Smith R.D. (1988). Influence of protein intake and feeding strategy on reproductive performance of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 71, 3470-3481.

Dawuda P.M., Scaramuzzi R.J., Leese H.J., Hall C.J, Peters A.R., Drew S.B. and WathesD.C. (2002). Effect of timing of urea feeding on the yield and quality of embryos in lactating dairy cows. Theriogenology. 58, 1443-1455.

Dawuda P.M., Scaramuzzi R.J., Leese H.J., Hall C.J., Peters A.R., Drew S.B. and Wathes D.C. (2004a). The effect of a diet containing excess quickly degradable nitrogen (QDN) on reproductive and metabolic hormonal profiles in lactating dairy cows. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 81, 195-208.

Dawuda P.M., Scaife J.R., Hutchinson J.S.M. and Sinclair K.D. (2004b). Mechanisms linking under-nutrition and ovarian function in beef heifers. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 74, 11-26.

Dawuda P.M., WathesD.C. and Scaramuzzi R. (2014). Effect of feeding quickly degradable nitrogen (QDN) on development of pre-ovulatory follicles in lactating dairy cows. Pp. 36 in Proc. Soc. Reprod. Fertil. Ann. Conf. Oxford, UK.

Diskin M.G., Austin E.J. and Roche J.F. (2002). Exogenous hormonal manipulation of ovarian activity in cattle. Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. 23, 211-228.

Edwards J.L., Robinson R.S., Mongan N.P., Copping K.J. and Perry V.E.A. (2014). The effect of dietary protein on ovarian development in beef heifers. Pp. 9 in Proc. Soc. Reprod. Fertil. Ann. Conf. Oxford, UK.

Elrod C.C. and Butler W.R. (1993). Reduction of fertility and alteration of uterine pH in heifers fed excess ruminally degradable protein. J. Anim. Sci. 71, 694-701.

Fahey J., Boland M.P. and O’Callaghan D. (1998). Effect of dietary urea on embryo development in superovulated donor ewes and on embryo survival following transfer in recipient ewes. Pp.182 in Proc. British Soc. Anim. Sci. London, UK.

Ferguson J.D. and Chalupa W. (1989). Impact of protein nutrition in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 72, 746-766.

Hammon D.S., Wang S. and Holyoak G.R. (2000). Ammonia concentration in bovine follicular fluid and its effect during in vitro maturation and subsequent embryo development. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 58, 1-8.

Howard H.J., Aalseth E.P., Adams G.D. and Bush L.J. (1987). Influence of dietary protein on reproductive performance of dairy cow. J. Dairy Sci. 70, 1563-1571.

Jordan E.R., Chapman T.E., Holtan D.W. and Swanson L.V. (1983). Relationship of dietary crude protein to composition of uterine secretions and blood in high producing postpartum dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 66, 1854-1862.

Lamming G.E. and Darwash A.O. (1998). The use of milk progesterone profile to characterize components of subfertility in milk dairy cows. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 52, 175-190

Laven R.A. and Drew S.B. (1999). Dietary protein and the reproductive parameters of cows. Vet. Record. 145, 687-695.

Laven R.A., Biggadike H.J. and Allison R.D. (2002). The effect of pasture nitrate concentration and concentration intake after turnout on embryo growth and viability in the lactating dairy cow. Reprod. Domest. Anim. 37, 111-115.

Laven R.A., Dawuda P.M., Scaramuzzi R.J., Wathes D.C., Biggadike H.J. and Peters A.R. (2004). The effect of feeding diets high in quickly degradable nitrogen on follicular development and embryo growth in lactating Holstein dairy cows. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 84, 41-52.

Laven R.A., Scaramuzzi R.J., Wathes D.C., Peters A.R. and Parkinson T.J. (2007). Recent research on the effect of excess dietary nitrogen on the fertility of dairy cows. Vet. Record. 160, 359-362.

MAFF. (1986). Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry. Condition Scoring of Dairy Cows. Advisory Pamphlet. London, UK.

McEvoy T.G., Robinson J.J., Aitken R.P., Findlay P.A. and Robertson I.S. (1997). Dietary excesses of urea influence the viability and metabolism of preimplantation sheep embryos and may affect foetal growth among survivors. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 47, 71-90.

Mondzac A., Ehrlich G.E. and Seegmiller J.E. (1965). An enzymatic determination of ammonia in biological fluids. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 66, 526-531.

O’Callaghan D., Wade M.G. and Boland M.P. (1997). Effect of urea and an ammonia binding-agent in-vitro on subsequent development of bovine oocytes cultured in-vitro. Irish J. Agric. Food Res. 36, 123-124.

O’Callaghan D.O. and Boland M.O. (1999). Nutritional effects on ovulation, embryo development and the establishment of pregnancy in ruminants. Anim. Sci. 68, 299-314.

Talke H. and Schubert G.E. (1965). Enzyme determination of urea in blood serum by the Warburg optical test. Klin. Wochenscher. 43, 174-175.

Whittaker G.R. (1999). Care of dairy cows during turnout to grass. UK Vet. 4, 24-28.