تأثیر پودر نعناع فلفلی بر پاسخ سیستم ایمنی جوجه‌های گوشتی تحت تنش گرمایی
Subject Areas : Camelس. عرب عامری 1 , ف. صمدی 2 , ب. دستار 3 , س. زره داران 4
1 - Department of Animal Science, University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources of Gorgan, Gorgan, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Science, University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources of Gorgan, Gorgan, Iran
3 - Department of Animal Science, University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources of Gorgan, Gorgan, Iran
4 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
Keywords: جوجه گوشتی, سیستم ایمنی, نعناع فلفلی, استرس گرمایی,
Abstract :
برای مطالعه تأثیر سطوح مختلف پودر گیاه نعناع فلفلی بر سیستم ایمنی جوجه‌های گوشتی در شرایط تنش گرمایی، تعداد 192 قطعه جوجه یکروزه (راس، 308) به طور تصادفی به 4 تیمار غذایی با 4 تکرار و 12 جوجه در هر تکرار در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی اختصاص داده شد. تیمارهای غذایی شامل جیره پایه (شاهد)، جیره پایه مکمل شده با 1 و 2 درصد پودر نعناع فلفلی و جیره پایه مکمل شده با 300 میلیگرم ویتامین E در هر کیلوگرم جیره بودند. جهت اعمال تنش گرمایی، دمای سالن از روز 35 تا 42 پرورش، روزانه به مدت 8 ساعت در دمای 34 درجه سانتیگراد تنظیم گردید. نتایج تفاوت معنیداری برای ضریب تبدیل خوراک در روز 21 و برای افزایش وزن بدن در روز 42 آزمایش نشان داد )05/0 .(P<پرندههای تیمار شده با 2 و 1 درصد پودر نعناع فلفلی به ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین افزایش وزن بدن را در روز 21 آزمایش در مقایسه با پرندههای تغذیه شده با جیره پایه و جیره پایه مکمل شده با ویتامین E نشان دادند. بیشترین سطح معنیداری ایمنوگلوبین کل، ایمنوگلوبین M و ایمنوگلوبین G برای پودر نعناع فلفلی در مقایسه با سایر تیمارها در روزهای 35 و 42 مشاهده شد. اثر متقابل معنیداری بین تیمار و جنس بر ایمنوگلوبین G در روزهای 35 آزمایش مشاهده شد (05/0P<). تفاوت معنیداری بین تیمارها برای کل گلبولهای سفید، لنفوسیت، هتروفیل و نسبت هتروفیل به لنفوسیت در روز 42 آزمایش مشاهد شد. در این زمینه، 2 درصد پودر نعناع فلفلی نسبت به جیره پایه و جیره پایه مکمل شده با ویتامین E منجر تعداد کل گلبول های سفید را افزایش داد (05/0P<). تیمار مکمل شده با پودر نعناع فلفلی منجر به تفاوت معنیداری برای پروتیئن کل، آلبومین، گلوبولین، تری گلیسرید، کلسترول کل، HDL، LDL و VLDL در روزهای 21 و 42 شد (05/0P<). پودر نعناع فلفلی غلظت HDL سرم خون را افزایش داد، در حالی که غلظت فوق در تیمار شاهد و جیره مکمل شده با ویتامین E در روزهای 42 کاهش یافت. به ترتیب، بیشترین و کمترین وزن کبد در گروههای تیمار شده با 1 درصد پودر نعناع فلفلی و جیره پایه مشاهد شد (05/0P<). بطور کلی این مطالعه نشان داد که مکمل شدن پودر نعناع فلفلی در جیره وزن بورس فابرسیوس و طحال جوجه‌های گوشتی را بهبود نداد اما با پتانسیل آنتیاکسیدانی، ثبات اکسیداتیو و پاسخ ایمنی را بهبود بخشید.
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