بررسی انتخاب جنسیت هنگام آبستنی در پستانداران

Subject Areas : Camel

جی. کوآمو ¹ (Department of Genetics and Biostatistics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon)
اس.دی. خارچ ² (Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, PO-Farah, Mathura, UP 281122, India)

Received: 2013-10-25 Accepted : 2013-12-30 Published : 2014-09-01

Keywords: انتخاب, اسپرم, رویان, حیوانات مزرعه‌ای, نسبت جنسیت,

Abstract :

اگرچه مکانیسم­هایی که به واسطه آنها نسبت جنسیت در طبیعت کنترل می­شود ناشناخته باقی مانده است، محققان سعی می‌کنند تا به منظور از پیش تعیین نمودن جنسیت فرزند، اسپرم را مورد درمان قرار دهند. روش­های جداسازی اسپرم که به طور مکرر گزارش نموده­اند سبب جداسازی بخش­های غنی از اسپرم­های حامل کروموزوم X یا Y می­شوند مشتمل بر روش­های فلوسیتومتری و استفاده از شیب غلظت آلبومین سرم هستند. فناوری فلوسیتومتری که برای جداسازی اسپرم­های حامل کروموزوم X و Y به بخش­های زنده استفاده می­شود بهبود یافته و تحقیقات نشان می­دهند که با توجه به قابلیت این روش برای ظرفیت­سازی اسپرم­های مرتب شده ممکن است به طور موفق برای اسپرم تازه در برنامه­های باروری درون آزمایشگاهی (IVP) به کار گرفته شود. در خصوص رویان­های تعیین جنسیت شده استفاده از واکنش زنجیره­ پلیمراز (PCR) خدمتی است که به وسیله برخی از تکنسین­های انتقال رویان ارایه شده است، ولی این روش نیاز به نیروی کاری زیادی داشته و پرهزینه است. بعلاوه، زنده‌مانی رویان­های بیوپسی شده در طی مراحل انجماد خیلی مناسب نیست. در آینده نزدیک، ممکن است روش­های سنجش PCR برای استفاده در زمینه از پیش تعیین نمودن جنسیت فرزندان در دسترس قرار گیرد. به همراه روش بلوغ درون آزمایشگاهی (IVM) و تکنیک­های باروری درون آزمایشگاهی (IVP) و انتقال رویان، این احتمال وجود دارد که اسپرم یا رویان تعیین جنسیت شده به طور گسترده و کارآمدی در پستانداران مورد استفاده قرار گیرد که در این حالت معمولاً به تعداد بالاتری اسپرم یا رویان نیاز می­باشد. برای این‌که از نظر اقتصادی نیز مقرون به صرفه باشد، روش تعیین جنسیت رویان باید دارای کارآیی بالا بوده، ساده و ارزان باشد. اگرچه بسیاری از پرورش­ دهندگان حیوانات مزرعه­ای متقاضی استفاده از روش تعیین جنسیت رویان هستند، هنوز استفاده گسترده از این تکنیک به ویژه در کشورهای در حال توسعه صورت نگرفته است.

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