ارزیابی اثرات زیست محیطی پرورش بوقلمون در ایران

Subject Areas : Camel

ک. خیرعلی‌پور ¹ (Department of Mechanical Engineering Biosystems, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran)
ز. پاینده ² (Department of Mechanical Engineering Biosystems, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran)
ب. خوشنویسان ³ (Department of Agricultural Machinery, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran)

Received: 2016-12-08 Accepted : 2017-04-15 Published : 2017-09-01

Keywords: محیط زیست, آلایندگی, ارزیابی چرخه حیات, پرورش بوقلمون,

Abstract :

صنعت طیور به خاطر تأمین سهم قابل توجهی از نیاز غذایی و پروتئینی بشر یکی از بخش­های مهم تولیدی می­باشد. با توجه به ضرورت حفظ محیط زیست، میزان انتشار آلاینده­ها در یک واحد تولیدی بوقلمون در ایران با استفاده از روش ارزیابی چرخه حیات مورد بررسی قرار ­گرفت. اطلاعات مورد نیاز از طریق پرسشنامه و مصاحبه حضوری با مرغدار جمع­آوری شد. در این روش مرز سامانه دروازه واحد پرورش و واحد عملکردی یک تن گوشت بوقلمون در نظرگرفته شد. انتشار آلاینده­ها مربوط به نهاده­­ها و ستاده­های واحد پرورش تعیین گردید. مقادیر شاخص­های زیست­محیطی شامل: تخلیه منابع زمینی، تخلیه منابع فسیلی، گرمایش جهانی، تخلیه لایه اوزن، سمیت انسانی، سمیت آب­های سطحی، سمیت آب­های آزاد، سمیت زمینی، اکسیداسیون فوتوشیمیایی، پتانسیل اسیدی شدن و یوتریفیکاسیون به ترتیب برابر kg Sb eq 61/1، MJ 19/20، kg CO2 eq 63/3، kg CFC -11 eq 90/1، kg 1.4 DB eq 60/67، kg 1.4 DB eq 55/4، kg 1.4 DB eq 04/1، kg 1.4 DB eq 17/1،kg C2H4 eq  0005/0،  kg SO2 eq 024/0 و kg PO4 eq 0094/0 بدست آمد. نتایج نشان داد که نهاده خوراک بیشترین آلایندگی را در بین نهاده­های مصرفی داشت.

References:

Anonymous. (2008). Energy balance sheet. Iranian Energy Productivity Organization. Available at: http://www.saba.org.ir.

Anonymous. (2012). Agricultural statistics. Center of Statistics and Information Technology, Ministry of Agriculture.

Anonymous. (2014). Agricultural statistics. Poultry Information Institute. Available at: http://www.infopoultry.net.

Asheri E. and Karimzadeh Y. (2010). Calculation of production factors productivity in broiler units of West Azerbaijan. Anim. Sci. J. (Pajouhesh and Sazandegi). 86, 2-7.

Basset-Mens C. and Vanderwrf H.M.G. (2005). Scenario-based environmental assessment of farming systems: the case of pig production in France. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 105, 127-144.

Bengtsson J. and Seddon J. (2013). Cradle to retailer or quick service restaurant gate life cycle assessment of chicken products in Australia. J. Clean. Prod. 41, 291-300.

Benis K. and Ferrão P. (2017). Potential mitigation of the environmental impacts of food systems through urban andperi-urban agriculture (UPA)-a life cycle assessment approach. J. Clean. Prod. 140, 784-795.

Bojacá C.R., Wyckhuys K.A.G. and Schrevens E. (2014). Life cycle assessment of Colombian greenhouse tomato production based on farmer-level survey data. J. Clean. Prod. 69, 26-33.

Brentrup F., Küsters J., Kuhlmann H. andLammel J. (2004). Environmental impact assessment of agricultural production systems using the life cycle assessment methodology: I. Theoretical concept of a LCA method tailored to crop production. European J. Agron. 20(3), 247-264.

Cederberg C. and Mattsson B. (2000). Life cycle assessment of milk production-a comparison of conventional and organic farming. J. Clean. Prod. 8, 49-60.

Da Silva V., Wander Werf H., Soareso S. and Corson M. (2013). Environmental impacts of French and Brazilian broiler chicken production scenarios: a LCA approach. J. Environ. Manage. 133, 222-231.

Ewemoje T.A., Omotosho O. and Abimbola O.P. (2013).Cradle-to-gate LCA of poultry production system in a developing country-the case of Nigeria. Int. J. Agric. Sci. 3, 323-332.

GonzalezـGarcia S., GomezـFernandez Z., Dias A., Feijoo G., Moreira T. and Arroja l. (2014). Life cycle assessment of broiler chicken production: a Portouguese case study. J. Clean. Prod. 71, 125-134.

Guinée J.B. (2002). Handbook on Life Cycle Assessment Operational Guide to the ISO Standards. Kluwer Academic, New York.

IPCC. (2006). Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Prepared by the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme. Published by the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES), Hayama, Japan.

ISO 14040. (2006a). Environmental Management – Life Cycle Assessment – Principles and Framework.International Standards Organization (ISO), Geneva, Switzerland.

ISO 14044. (2006b). Environmental Management – Life Cycle Assessment – Requirements and Guidelines. International Standards Organization (ISO), Geneva, Switzerland.

Khoshnevisan B., Bolandnazar E., Barak S., Shamshirband S., Maghsoudlou H., Altameem T.A. and Gani A. (2014). A clustering model based on an evolutionary algorithm for better energy use in crop production. Stoch. Environ. Res. Risk. Assess. 29, 1921-1935.

Khoshnevisan B., Bolandnazar E., Shamshirband S., Motamed H., Badrul N., Mat L. and Kiah M.L.M. (2015). Decreasing environmental impacts of cropping systems using life cycle assessment (LCA) and multi-objective genetic algorithm. J. Clean. Prod. 86, 67-77.

LEAP. (2014). Greenhouse gas emissions and fossil energy use from poultry supply chains: guidelines for quantification, Livestock Environmental Assessment and Performance Partnership. FAO, Rome, Italy. Available from: http://www.fao.org/3/a-mj752e.pdf.

Leinonen I., Williams A., Wiseman J., Guy J. and Kyriazakis I. (2014). Predicting the environmental impacts of chicken systems in the United Kingdom through a life cycle assessment: egg production systems. Poult. Sci. 91(1), 26-40.

Llorach-Massana P., Muñoz P., Riera M.R., Gabarrell X., Rieradevall J., Ignacio Montero J. and Villalba G. (2017). N₂O emissions from protected soilless crops for more precise food and urban agriculture life cycle assessments. J. Clean. Prod. 149, 1118-1126.

Nielsen N.I., Jqrgensen M. and Bahrndorff S. (2011). Greenhouse gas Emission from the Danish Broiler Production Estimated via LCA Methodology. Knowledge Center for Agriculture, Denmark.

OECD. (1999). Environmental Indicators for Agriculture. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Publications Service, Paris, France.

Payandeh Z. (2016). Life cycle assessment of poultry production in Isfahan Provience. MS Thesis. Ilam Univ., Ilam, Iran.

Pelletier N. (2008). Enviromental performance in the US broiler poultry sector: life cycle energy use and greenhouse gas, ozone depleting, acidifying and eutrophying emission. Agric. Syst. 98, 67-73.

Rebolledo-Leiva R., Angulo-Meza L., Iriarte A. and González-Araya M.C. (2017). Joint carbon footprint assessment and data envelopment analysis for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in agriculture production. Sci. Total Environ. 593(1), 36-46.

Sefeedpari P., Rafiee S.H. and Akram A. (2012). Comparison of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in dairycows and egg laying hen farms in Tehran province. Pp. 65-67 in 1^st Nat. Conf. Polic. Toward Sustain. Dev. Tehran, Iran.

Sonesson U., Berlin J. and Ziegler F. (2010). Environmental Assessment and Management in the Food Industry. Woodhead Publishing Ltd., Cambridge, United Kingdom.

Thomassen M.A., Van Calker K.J., Smits M.C.J., Iepema G.L. and de Boer I.J.M. (2008).Life cycle assessment of conventional and organic milk production in the Netherlands. Agric. Syst. 96, 95-107.

Weiler V. (2013). Carbon footprint (LCA) of milk production considering multifunctionality in dairy systems: a study on smallholder dairy production in Kaptumo, Kenya. MS Thesis. Wageningen Univ., Wageningen, The Netherlands.