اثر دمای پلت، پروبیوتیک و دانه گندم بر عملکرد رشد، متغیرهای بیوشیمیایی خون، پاسخ سیستم ایمنی و بیان ژن موسین 2 در جوجه های گوشتی

Subject Areas : Camel

و. ایقانی ¹ , ع.ا. صادقی ² , س.ن. موسوی ³ , پ. جعفری ⁴ , م. چمنی ⁵

1 - Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3 - Department of Animal Science, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
4 - Department of Microbiology, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
5 - Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Received: 2018-11-30 Accepted : 2019-03-16 Published : 2020-09-01

Keywords: کلسترول, جوجه های گوشتی, پاسخ سیستم ایمنی, موسین 2,

Abstract :

کاندیشنینگ، یک مرحله اصلی در فرآیند پلت کردن خوراک محسوب می­گردد. پروبیوتیک­ها با داشتن توانایی بهبود عملکرد سیستم ایمنی و عملکرد رشد شناخته می­شوند. گندم می­تواند به عنوان یک جایگزین برای ذرت مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. از این رو، مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی دمای پلت، پروبیوتیک و دانه گندم بر عملکرد رشد، متغیرهای بیوشیمیایی خون، پاسخ سیستم ایمنی و بیان ژن موسین 2 در جوجه­های گوشتی انجام گرفت. تعداد 800 قطعه جوجه یکروزه گوشتی در قالب هشت تیمار و چهار تکرار برای هر تیمار تقسیم­بندی شدند (به ازای هر تکرار 25 قطعه). طرح آزمایشی کاملا تصادفی به صورت فاکتوریل 2 × 2 × 2 براساس دو سطح مصرف گندم (0 و 500 گرم بر کیلوگرم)، دو سطح مصرف پروبیوتیک (0 و 200 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم) و دو دمای کاندیشنینگ (70 و 85 درجه سلسیوس) مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. عملکرد رشد، پاسخ سیستم ایمنی، متغیرهای بیوشیمیایی خون و بیان ژن موسین 2 مورد اندازه­گیری قرار گرفت. در رابطه با عملکرد رشد، پاسخ سیستم ایمنی و متغیرهای بیوشیمیایی خون، اثرات اصلی و متقابل معنی­دار نبودند (P<0.05). جیره­های محتوی پروبیوتیک هم بر پایه ذرت و هم بر پایه گندم، باعث افزایش بیان ژن موسین 2 شدند (P<0.05). گندم می­تواند به عنوان یک جایگزین برای ذرت مورد استفاده قرار بگیرد.

References:

Abdollahi M.R., Ravindran V., Wester T.J., Ravindran G. and Thomas D.V. (2010a). Influence of conditioning temperature on the performance, nutrient utilization and digestive tract development of broilers fed on maize- and wheat-based diets. British Poult. Sci. 51, 648-657.

Abdollahi M.R. Ravindran V., Wester T.J., Ravindran G. and Thomas D.V. (2010b). Influence of conditioning temperature on performance, apparent metabolisable energy, ileal digestibility of starch and nitrogen and the quality of pellets, in broiler starters fed maize- and sorghum-based diets. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 162, 106-115.

Agboola A.F., Odu O., Omidiwura B.R.O. and Iyayi E.A. (2015). Effect of probiotic, carbohydrase enzyme and their combination on the performance, histomorphology and gut microbiota in broilers fed wheat-based diets. Am. J. Exp. Agric. 8(5), 307-319.

Akbari M. and Torki M. (2014). Effects of dietary chromium picolinate and peppermint essential oil on growth performance and blood biochemical parameters of broiler chicks reared under heat stress conditions. Int. J. Biometeorol. 58, 1383-1391.

Amerah A.M. and Gracia M.I. (2011). Influence of three Bacillus subtilis strains combination on the performance, intestinal morphology and blood parameters of broilers fed wheat-based diet. Pp. 38-46 in Proc. Int. Poult. Sci. Forum.,Atlanta, Georgia.

Amerah A.M., Jansen van Rensburg C. and Plumstead P.W. (2011). Effect of feeding diets containing a probiotic or antibiotic on broiler performance and litter water-soluble phosphorus. Poult. Sci. 90(1), 15-23.

Ameraha A.M., Quilesb A., Medelc P., Snchezc J., Lehtinend M.J. and Gracia M.I. (2013). Effect of pelleting temperature and probiotic supplementation on growth performance and immune function of broilers fed maize/soy-based diets. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 180, 55-63.

Behnke K.C. and Beyer R.S. (2002). Effect of feed processing on broiler performance. Pp. 56-62 in Proc. 8^th Int. Sem. Poult. Prod. Pathol., Santiago, Chile.

Corzo A., Mejia L. and Loar R.E. (2011). Effect of pellet quality on various broiler production parameters. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 20, 68-74.

Craven S.E. and Williams D.D. (1998). In vitro attachment of Salmonella typhimurium to chicken cecal mucus: Eeffect of cations and pretreatment with Lactobacillus spp. isolated from the intestinal tracts of chickens. J. Food Prot. 61, 265-271.

Cutting S.M. (2010). Bacillus probiotics. Food Microbiol. 28, 214-220.

Fletcher D.L. (2002). Poultry meat quality. World's Poult. Sci. J. 58, 131-146.

Freitas E.R., Sakomura N.K., Dahlke F., Santos F.R. and Barbosa N.A.A. (2008). Performance, efficiency of nutrient utilization and gastrointestinal structures of broiler chick fed in prestarter phase with ratios with different physical form. Brazilian J. Anim. Sci. 37(1), 73-38.

Gutierrez A., Verstegen M.W., Den Hartog L.A., Perez P. and Villamide M.J. (2008). Effect of wheat cultivar and enzyme addition to broiler chicken diets on nutrient digestibility, performance and apparent metabolizable energy content. Poult. Sci. 87, 759-767.

Horn N.L., Donkin S.S., Applegate T.J. and Adeola O. (2009). Intestinal mucin dynamics: Response of broiler chicks and white Pekin ducklings to dietary threonine. Poult. Sci. 88, 1906-1914.

Hosseini S.M., Chamani M., Mousavi S.N., Hosseini S.A. and Sadeghi A.A. (2018). Growth performance, mucin 2 gene expression, morphology of small intestine and intestinal lactobacillus population of broiler chicks fed with triticale based diets. Kafkas Univ. Vet. Fak. Dreg. 24(2), 203-210.

Ighani V., Sadeghi A.A., Mousavi S.N., Jafari P. and Chamani M. (2017). Effect of pelleting temperature, probiotic and wheat grain on intestinal pH, cecal microbial population and intestinal morphometry in broiler chickens. J. Livest. Sci. 8, 210-215.

Jin L.Z., Ho Y.W., Abdualah N. and Jalaludin S. (2000). Digestive and bacterial enzyme activities in broilers fed diets supplemented with Lactobacillus cultures. Poult. Sci. 79, 886-891.

Kabir S.L., Rahman M.M., Rahman M.B., Rahman M.M. and Ahmed S.U. (2004). The dynamics of probiotics on growth performance and immune response in broilers. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 3(5), 361-364.

Kalavathy R., Abdullah N., Jalaludin S. and Ho Y.W. (2003). Effect of Lactobacillus cultures on growth performance, abdominal fat deposition, serum lipid and weight of organs of broiler chickens. British Poult. Sci. 44, 139-144.

Lee K.W., Lee S.H., Lillehoj H.S., Li G.X., Jang S.I., Babu U.S., Park M.S., Kim D.K., Lillehoj E.P., Neumann A.P., Rehberger T.G. and Siragusa G.R. (2010a). Effects of direct-fed microbials on growth performance, gut morphometry, and immune characteristics in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 89, 203-216.

Lee K.W., Lillehoj H.S. and Siragusa G.R. (2010b). Direct-fed microbials and their impact on the intestinal microflora and immune system of chickens. J. Poult. Sci. 47, 106-114.

Lee K.W., Lillehoj H.S., Lee S.H., Jang S.I., Babu U.S., Lillehoj E.P., Neumann A.P. and Siragusa G.R. (2011). Bacillus subtilis-based direct-fed microbials augment macrophage function in broiler chickens. Res. Vet. Sci. 91, 87-91.

Mc Cracken K.J. (2002). Effects of physical processing on the nutritive value of poultry diets Pp. 301-316 in Poultry Feeds, Supply, Composition and Nutritive Value. J.M. McNab and K.N. Boorman, Eds., CAB International, New York, United State.

Mohan B., Kadirvel R., Bhaskaran M. and Natarajan A. (1995). Effect of probiotic supplementation on serum / yolk cholesterol and on egg shell thickness in layers. British Poult. Sci. 36, 779-803.

Mohan B., Kadirvel R., Natarajan A. and Bhaskaran M. (1996). Effect of probiotic supplementation on growth, nitrogen utilization and serum cholesrol in broilers. British Poult. Sci. 37, 395-401.

Muramatsu K., Massuquetto A., Dahlke F. and Maiorka A. (2015). Factors that affect pellet quality: A review. J. Agric. Sci. Technol. 10, 717-722.

Ooi L.G. and Liong M.T. (2010). Cholesterol-lowering effects of probiotics and prebiotics: A review of in vivo and in vitro findings. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 11, 2499-2522.

SAS Institute. (2004). SAS^®/STAT Software, Release 9.4. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.

Shekari M., Shahir M.H. and Abdi A. (2013). Effects of different levels of canola meal on growth performance of broiler chicks fed with corn or wheat based diets. Anim. Sci Res. J. 2, 131-145.

Skoch E.R., Behnke K.C., Deyoe C.W. and Binder S.F. (1981). The effect of steam-conditioning rate on the pelleting process. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 6, 83-90.

Smirnov A., Perez E., Amit Romach E., Sklan D. and Uni Z. (2005). Mucin dynamics and microbial populations in chicken small intestine are changed by dietary probiotic and antibiotic growth promoter supplementation. J. Nutr. 135, 187-192.

Uni Z., Smirnov A. and Sklan D. (2003). Pre- and posthatch development of goblet cells in the broiler small intestine: Effect of delayed access to feed. Poult. Sci. 82, 320-333.

Zhang L., Zhang L., Zhan X., Zeng X., Zhou L., Cao G., Chen A. and Yang C. (2016). Effects of dietary supplementation of probiotic, Clostridium butyricum, on growth performance, immune response, intestinal barrier function, and digestive enzyme activity in broiler chickens challenged with Escherichia coli K88. J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol. 7, 3-10.