تأثیر تغذیه درون تخم مرغی و تغذیه جیره‌ای عصاره خارمریم بر ایمنی و تعادل کاتیون-آنیون خون جوجه‌های گوشتی تحت درجه حرارت‌های بالا

Subject Areas : Camel

ا. زارعی ¹ , م. مروت ² , م. چمنی ³ , ع.ا. صادقی ⁴ , پ. دادور ⁵

1 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
2 - Young Researchers and Elite Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
4 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
5 - Department of Animal Science, Ramin Agricultural and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran

Received: 2016-03-01 Accepted : 2016-05-25 Published : 2016-09-01

Keywords: انکوباسیون, عیار پادتن, تعادل کاتیون-آنیون, درجه حرارت بالا,

Abstract :

این آزمایش جهت بررسی تأثیر تغذیه درون تخمی و تغذیه جیره­ای عصاره خارمریم بر ایمنی و تعادل کاتیون-آنیون خون جوجه­های گوشتی تحت درجه حرارت­های بالا انجام شد. تعداد 360 عدد تخم مرغ نطفه­دار از نژاد مادر گوشتی برای تغذیه درون تخم مرغی در سطوح 0، 100 و 200 پی پی ام از عصاره آبی خارمریم در روز 5/17 جوجه کشی استفاده شدند. پس از هچ، 240 جوجه به قفس­های آزمایشی انتقال داده شدند. جیره آزمایشی شامل دو نوع; یک جیره بدون عصاره و دیگری حاوی 100 پی پی ام عصاره خارمریم بود. سپس جوجه­ها طی روزهای 7-28 پرورش برای 4 ساعت از روز تحت شرایط تنش گرمایی (4 درجه بالاتر از دمای بهینه) قرار گرفتند و پس از 28 روزگی در دمای بهینه نگهداری شدند. جوجه­ها به 6 تیمار با 4 تکرار و در قالب یک آزمایش فاکتوریل 2 × 3 در یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی تقسیم شدند. نتایج نشان دادند که جوجه­های تغذیه شده با جیره حاوی عصاره، مصرف خوراک، افزایش وزن و وزن نهایی بیشتر و ضریب تبدیل خوراک کمتری داشتند (01/0P≤). در سن 28 و 42 روزگی تغذیه­ جیره­ای عصاره وزن نسبی بورس (05/0P≤)، تیموس و طحال (01/0P≤) را افزایش داد. این نتایج، افزایش عیار پادتن بر علیه گامبرو را به وسیله تغذیه جیره­ای عصاره اثبات کردند (05/0P≤). همچنین در تیمارهای تغذیه شده با عصاره خارمریم تعداد گلبول­های سفید خون بالاتر (01/0P≤) و نسبت هتروفیل به لنفوسیت پایین­تر بود (01/0P≤). تغذیه جیره­ای عصاره منجر به افزایش بار کاتیونی خون (Na و K) جوجه­های تغذیه شده با عصاره خارمریم در سن 28 روزگی شد و تعادل کاتیون-آنیون خون در این تیمارها افزایش یافت (01/0P≤). در 28 روزگی درصد خاکستر استخوان درشت نی جوجه­های تغذیه شده با عصاره بالاتر از سایر گروه­ها بود (01/0P≤). به نظر می­رسد که تغذیه جیره­ای عصاره در جوجه­های گوشتی به طور قابل توجهی سبب افزایش پاسخ ایمنی تحت درجه حرارت­های بالا شد اما تغذیه درون تخم مرغی عصاره اثر زیادی بر این فراسنجه­ها نداشت.

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