Analysis of Social Capital Effects on Improvement of Villagers Resiliency in the Management of Earthquake Crisis, (Case Study: North Ozomdul, Varzeghan County)
Subject Areas : Urban and Regional Planning Studies
Vakil Heidari Sarban
1
(Professor, Dep. of Geography and Urban and Rural Planning, Faculty of Humanities, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran)
Keywords: Earthquake, resiliency, Social capital, Rural Development, crisis management, Earthquake Management, Varzeghan County,
Abstract :
The purpose of the present was to study and analysis of social capital effects on improvement of villager’s resiliency in the management of earthquake crisis in the rural areas of Varzeghan County. It can be said that studied population in this study consists of all damaged villages of north Ozomdul Dehstan and households residing in this villages (N=398) among which 196 persons were selected as statistical sample using Cochran formula. Sample size was determined based on the Cochran’s formula and the required data were collected through questionnaires. Content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by professors and experts and its reliability was determined based on Cronbach's alpha (0.80-0.86).Moreover, as shown by the results of Pearson test, there are significant relation between the variables of awareness, social confidence, social participation, social communication, knowledge and information exchange and horizontal relations and improvement of villager’s resiliency in the rural areas of Varzeghan County. Finally, according to the study results, a number of recommendations also presented
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Heidari Sarban, V., & and Majnoni, A. (2017), the role of livelihood diversity on villagers resiliency around lake Ormia against drought, Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental Hazards, 3 (4), 49-70.
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Wolf, J., W. N. Adger, I., Lorenzoni, V., Abrahamson, Y., and Raine, R. (2013). “Social capital, individual responses to heat waves and cimate change adaptation: An empirical study of two UK cities.” Global Environmental Change, 20 (1), 44–52.
_||_Ahern, N.R., Kiehl, E. M., Sole, M. L., & Byers, J. (2010). A review of instruments measuring resilience. Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing, 2(9), 103-125.
Arnesen, A. (2013). Resilience, social capital, and well-being: A cross-sectional study in a context of adversity, Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 6(1), 213-219.
Barrett, C. B., & Constas, M., (2015). Towards a theory of resilience for international development applications. Paper presented at IFPRI Policy Seminar, Washington, DC, and August 2.
Berman, R., C. Quinn, & Paavola. J. (2015). “The role of institutions in the transformation of coping capacity to sustainable adaptive capacity. Environmental Development, 2 (5), 86–100.
Boyd, E. H., Osbahr, P. J., Ericksen, E. L., & Tompkins, M. (2010), Resilience and ‘climatizing’ development: examples and policy implications. Environmental Development, 51 (3), 390–396.
Cutter, S. L., Barnes, L., Berry, M., Burton, C., Evans, E., Tate, E. (2010). A place-based model for understanding community resilience to natural disasters. Global Environmental Change, 18(4), 598-606.
Duit, A., V. Galaz, K., Eckerberg, P., Ebbesson, J. (2013). “Governance, complexity, and resilience.” Global Environmental Change, 20 (3), 363–368.
Einali, J., Farahani, H., & Jafari, N. (2014). Assessment of social capital role on decreasing effects earthquake adventure in Sejaroud Dehstan, Khodabandhe County. Applied Research on Geographic Sciences, 2(3), 93- 115. (In Persian):
Feigenberg, B., E. M., Field, F., and Pande, R., (2013), Building social capital through Microfinance. Working Paper 16018. Cambridge, MA, US: National Bureau of Economic Research.
Friborg, O., Hjemdal, O., Rosenvinge, J. H., Martinussen, M., & Flaten, M. A., (2011), Resiliencey as a moderator of pain and stress. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 6(1), 213-219.
Ghorbani, M., Salari, F., Hamidian, A & Nasri, M. (2016). Analysis of community beneficiaries networks for reinforcement resiliency and natural ecosystems sustainable management, (Case Study: Region of Gorgo, Boir Ahmad). Journal of Natural Environment, 6 (9), 469-486. (In Persian.
Heidari Sarban, V., & Majnoni, A. (2017), the role of livelihood diversity on villagers resiliency around lake Ormia against drought, Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental Hazards, 3 (4), 49-70. (In Persian).
Heidari Sarban. (2019), Study and analysis of factors improvement of villagers resiliency regarding earthquake crisis, Case Stusy: Varzeghan County, North Ozomdul Dehstan, Journal of Geography, 3 (9), 703-717. . (In Persian):
Jones, L., S. Jaspars, S., Panvanello, R., Slater, A., Arnall, N., (2013) “Responding to a changing climate: exploring how disaster risk reduction, social protection and livelihoods approaches promote features of adaptive capacity.” Working Paper 319. London: Overseas Development Institute.
Kazemi, D., & Andalib, A. (2017). Assessment of influencing components of rural settlements community resilience on crisis condition. Journal of Housing and Rural Environment, 1 (58), 131-145. (In Persian).
Keck, M., & Sakdapolrak, P. (2015). What is social resilience? Lessons learned and the way forward. Erdkunde, 67 (1), 5–19.
Luthans, F., & Avolio, BJ. (2007). Positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Personal Psychology, l (6):138-146.
Minani., B, Rurema, D.G., & Lebailly, P. (2015). Rural resilience and the role of social capital among farmers in Kirundo province, Northern Burundi, Agro inform Publishing House, Budapest.
Moore, M.L., & Westley, F. (2015). Surmountable chasms: networks and social innovation for resilient systems. ecology and society 16 (1): 5. www. ecologyandsociety. org/ vol16/ iss1/ art5/.
Motahari, Z., Rafieian, M. (2017). Explanation of a model in order to promoting crisis management with community-oriented approach, Case Study: Local communities of Tehran, Journal of Architecture & Urban Design &Urban Planning, 7(1), 389-401.
Nori, H. & Sepahvand, F. (2016). Analysis of rural settlement resiliency against natural hazards with emphasis on earthquake, (Case Study: Dehstane Shirvan, Bojnord County), the Journal of Rural Research, 7(2), 275- 285. . (In Persian).
Pinkerton, J., & Dolan, P., (2013). Family support, social capital, resilience and adolescent coping. Child and Family Social Work, 1(2), 219-228.
Piran, P., Asadi, S., & Dadegar, N. (2017). Survey the role of social resiliency on reconstruction process success, (Case Study: the villagers of Darbe Astanhe and Babapeshman after earthquake 2006 Silakhor, Lorestan Province). Journal of Housing and Rural Environment, 1(57), 87-99. (In Persian).
Schwarz, A. M., C. Béné, G. Bennett, D. Boso, Z. Hilly, C. Paul, R. Posala, S. Sibiti, & Andrew, N. (2011).Vulnerability and resilience of remote rural communities to shocks and global Changes: Empirical analysis from Solomon Islands. Global Environmental Change, 21 (3), 1128–1140.
Spielman, D. J., K. Davis, M., Negash,D., & Ayele, G. (2014). Rural innovation systems and networks: findings from a study of Ethiopian Smallholders. Agriculture and Human Values, 28 (2): 195–212. Doi:10.1007/s10460‐010‐9273‐Y.
The World Bank. (2013). Measuring the dimensions of social capital, accessed on the 08/Aug/2013. http://web.worldbank.org.
Virgone, K.,& Cairns, L. (2010). Social capital: A definition and its importance in disaster management, http://porto.polito. it/view/ full/ none/ 2007.authors_string.html.
Wolf, J., W. N. Adger, I., Lorenzoni, V., Abrahamson, Y., & Raine, R. (2013). Social capital, individual responses to heat waves and cimate change adaptation: An empirical study of two UK cities. Global Environmental Change, 20 (1), 44–52.
