تحلیل SWOT راهبردها به منظور توانمندسازی کارآفرینان کشاورزی
Subject Areas : Education and training
1 - دکتری توسعه کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران
2 - دانشیار گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران
Keywords: توانمندسازی, راهبردها, تحلیل SWOT, کارآفرینان کشاورزی,
Abstract :
هدف پژوهش حاضر، تحلیل راهبردها به منظور توانمندسازی کارآفرینان کشاورزی در شهرستانهای جوانرود، ثلاثباباجانی، روانسر و پاوه در استان کرمانشاه بود. سازههای تأثیرگذار بر اساس تکنیکهای گوناگون کیفی حاصل گردید و بر اساس مدل SWOT تحلیل شد. یافتههای پژوهش گویای آن است که اثرگذارترین نقاط قوت: افزایش مسئولیتهای اجتماعی با اعتبار وزنی 305/0 و افزایش دانش، نگرش و ارزشهای کارآفرینان کشاورزی با اعتبار وزنی 300/0؛ بیشترین نقاط ضعف: فقدان سرمایهی کافی با اعتبار وزنی 260/0 و فقدان فرهنگ کارآفرینی با اعتبار وزنی 208/0؛ مؤثرترین فرصتها: حمایت از ایدهها و پروژهها با اعتبار وزنی 330/0 و آموزش مهارتهای کارآفرینی با اعتبار وزنی 315/0 و بیشترین تهدیدها: فقدان امنیت اقتصادی با اعتبار وزنی 265/0 و فقدان بازار مناسب برای تولیدات با اعتبار وزنی 250/0 هستند. تحلیل نتایج نشان میدهد از طریق راهبردهای تهاجمی همچون آموزش و توسعه مهارتهای کارآفرینی و فنی، شناخت منابع کسب ایده، کاربرد فناوریهای نوین، افزایش دسترسی به منابع آموزشی و مالی، دسترسی به شبکههای تجاری، ایجاد نمایشگاهها و همایشهای کاربردی؛ راهبرد انطباقی ایجاد زمینه استفاده از تسهیلات بانکی؛ راهبردهای اقتضایی همچون کاهش تهدید عدم ایجاد فرصتهای شغلی متنوع، کاهش بروکراسی اداری، تسهیل دریافت مجوز و بسترسازی به منظور ایجاد بازار مناسب تولیدات و راهبرد دفاعی کاهش تهدید عدم امنیت اقتصادی، میتوان به منظور توانمندسازی کارآفرینان کشاورزی بهره برد.
Abdollahi, B. (2005). Employee psychological empowerment: Dimensions and validation on the structural equation model. Journal of Research and Planning in Higher Education, 11(35- 36), 37-64. (In Persian).
Agahi, H., & Karami, Sh. (2012). A study of factors effecting social capital management and its impact on success of production cooperatives. Annals of Biological Research, 3(8), 4179-4188.
Aghlmand, S., & Akbari, F. (2005). Empowering a management strategy for achieving sustainable development. Paper presented at 3th International Management Conference, 20-23 December, Tehran, Ariana Research Group. (In Persian)
Aqajani, A. A., Karimi, M., & Mohhmadi, M. (2008). Present an integrated model of factors affecting information technology in entrepreneurial activities. Paper presented at 1th National Conference on entrepreneurship, creativity and future organizations, 25-26 February, Tehran, Andeshehgaran Company Iran’s Entrepreneurship Science and Technology. (In Persian)
Abbot, P., & Wales, K. (2001). Sociology women. Translation: Manezheh Najmeh Iraqi. Tehran: Ne Publishing (In Persian).
Anand Singh, K., & Krishna, K. V. S. M. (1994). Agricultural entrepreneurship: the concept and evidence. Journal of Entrepreneurship, 3(1), 10-15.
Appelbaum, S. H., & Hongger, K. (1998). Empowerment: a contrasting overview of organizations in general and nursing in particular- an examination of organizational factors, managerial behaviours, job design and structural power. Journal of Empowerment in Organization, 6(2), 29-50.
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: the exercise of control. New York: W. H. Freeman.
Blanchard, K., Carlos, C., & Randolph, A. (2002). Enabling management personnel (2nd Ed.). Translated by Mehdi Irannejad Prize. Thran: Publications managers. (In Persian).
Breeding, R. (2008). Empowerment as a function of contextual self-understanding: The effect of work interest profiling on career decision, self-efficacy and work locus of control. Rehabilitation counselling Bulletin, 51(2), 96-106.
Bulut, C., & Alpkan, L. (2006). Behavioural consequences of an entrepreneurial climate within large organizations: An integrative proposed model, the South East European. Journal of Economics and Business, 1(2), 64-70.
Chang, L. Ch., Shih, Ch. H., & Lin, Sh. M. (2010). The mediating role of psychology empowerment on job satisfaction and organizational commitment for school health nurses: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 47, 427-433.
Cole, R. E., & Bachayan, P. (2007). Quality, participation and competiveness, California Management Review, 35(3), 68-81.
Crane, F.G., & Meyer, M. (2009). The entrepreneurial climate in Canada: The entrepreneur’s viewpoint. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 19(3), 223-232.
Conger, J. A., & Kanungo, R. N. (1988). The empowerment process: Integrating theory and practice. Academy of Management Review, 13(3), 471- 482.
Dickson, K. E., & Lorenz, A. (2009). Psychological empowerment and job satisfaction of temporary and part-time nonstandard workers: A Preliminary Investigation. Journal of Behavioural and Applied Management, 10(2), 166-191.
Gagne, M., & Deci, E. L. (2005). Self-determination theory and work motivation. Journal of Organization Behaviour, 26, 331-362.
Gholipour, A., Rahimian, A., & Mirzamani, A. (2008). The role of education and occupation in Tehran empowerment of women. Women's Research Journal, 6(3), 113-132. (In Persian)
Gibbs, D. (2009). Empowering programs with evaluation technical assistance: Outcomes and lessons learned. Health Promotion Practice, 10(1), 38-44.
Gumus, F., Eskin, I., Veznikli, A. N., & Gumus, M. (2007). Availability of rural tourism for gallipoli villages: The potentials and attitudes. Paper presented at International Tourism Biennial Conference, 20 November, Turkey.
Haverkort, A.W., & Engel, P. (2006). Knowledge systems and agricultural development. manual for workshop (3), of the International Course in Rural Extension, Wageningen: International Agricultural Centre, pp1-4.
Javaheri kamel, M. (2009). The effect of organizational justice, the relationship between the leader - member, trust and empowerment and organizational citizenship behaviour’s. Police Human Development Journal, 24, 7-24 (In Persian).
Ketabi, M., Yazdkhasti, B., & Farokhrastabi, Z. (2003). Empowerment for participation in development. Women's Journal, 1(7), 30-5 (In Persian).
Kline, S. C. (2007). The Role of entrepreneurial climate in rural tourism development, raleigh, North Carolina. Unpublished dissertation, Faculty of North Carolina State University, US.
Kumar, S., & Ali, J. (2010). Indian agri-seed industry: Understanding the entrepreneurial process. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 17(3), 455-474.
Mafi, F. (2006). Microcredit (characteristics, experiences, concerns, strategies). Institute for Strategic Research Economics Research Group. Publications: Shadan (In Persian).
Malhotra, A., Schuler, S. R., & Boender, C. (2002). Measuring women empowerment as variable in international development. Backgrund paper prepared for the World Bank workshop on poverty and gender. Washington, D, C.: International Centre for Research on Women.
Mishra, A. K., & Spreitzer, G. M. (1999). Explaining how survivors respond to downsizing: The roles of trust, empowerment. The Academy of Management Review, 23, (3), 567- 88.
Mooghali, A., Hassanpour, A., & Hassanpour, M. (2009). Surveying of the relationship between employee empowerment and organizational commitment in the 19 Districts of Tehran Education Organization. Journal of Public Administration, 1(2), 119-132. (In Persian).
Moye, M. J., Henkin A. B., & Egley R. J. (2005). Teacher-principle relationships exploring linkages between empowerment and interpersonal trust. Journal of Educational Administration, 43(3), 260- 277.
Rezvani, M. R., & Najjarzadeh, M. (2009). Study and analysis of villagers, background knowledge on entrepreneurship in the process of rural development case study: South Baraan District (Isfahan County). Journal of Entrepreneurship, 1(2), 182-161 (In Persian).
Richardson, D. (2006). The internal and rural and agricultural development. FAO: Rome, Communication for Development, p. 80.
Roxas, H., Lindsay, V., Ashill, N., & Antong, V. (2007). An institutional view of local entrepreneurial climate. Asia Pacific Social Science Review, 7(1), 1-8.
Shaditalab, ZH. (2004). Development and challenges of Iranian women. Tehran: Qatreh Publication (In Persian).
Shakori, A. (2008). Supportive policies and women's empowerment. Faculty of Literatures & Humanities (Teacher Education), 16(61), 158-156 (In Persian).
Sivayojanathan, C. (1985). Training and visit system in Sri Lanka: The relative importance of contact farmers as a source of rice production information. Agricultural Administration, 18(3), 127-135.
Spreitzer, G. M. (2007). Taking stock: Are view of more than twenty years of research on empowerment at work. The Hand Book of Organizational Behaviour, sage Publication.
Stewart, J. G., McNulty. R., Quinn, G., Mary, T., & Fitzpatrick, J. (2010). Psychology empowerment and structural empowerment among nurse practitioners. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 22, 27-34.
Storey, D. (1999). Issues of integration, participation and empowerment in rural development: The case of LEADER in the republic of Ireland. Journal of Rural Studies, 15(3), 307-315.
Tansel, A. (2002). Economic development and female labour force participation in Turkey: Time – series evidence and cross-province Estimates. Economic Research Canter (ERC) Working Papers in Economics, 1(5), 1-37.
Thomas, K.W., & Velthhouse, B. A. (1990). Cognitive elements of empowerment: an interpretive model of intrinsic task motivation. Academy of Management Journal, 15(4), 666-681.
Tohidi, H., & Jabbari, M .M. (2012). The aspects empowerment of human resources. Social and Behavioural Sciences, 31, 829-833.
Ketchum, L., Trist E. (1992). All teams are created equal: how employee empowerment really works. Sage publications.
Yue Fook, Ch., Brinten, L., Kaur Sidha, G., & Say Fooi. F. (2011). Relationships between psychology empowerment with work motivation and with ward intention among secondary school principals in Malaysia. Social and Behavioural Sciences, 15, 2907- 2911.
Wang, Y., & Costello, P. (2009). An investigation into innovations in SMEs: Evidence from the West Midlands, UK. The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 18(1), 65-93.
Wetten. D. A., & Cameron, K. S. (1998). Developing management skills. New York: Addison- Wesley, Wheelan.
World Bank (2002). Empowerment and poverty reduction-A sourcebook. Retrieved from www.worldbank.org/ INTEMPOWERMENT/.../draft sum.
