واکاوی عوامل مؤثر بر پذیرش و کاربرد آبیاری بارانی توسط کشاورزان در شهرستان فامنین، ایران

Subject Areas : Environmental policy and management

Hassan Afrakhteh ¹ (Professor in the Department of Rural Planning, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran)
Maryam Armand ² (PhD Student of Rural Planning, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran)
Fatemeh Askari Bozayeh ³ (PhD Student of Rural Planning, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran)

Received: 2015-08-05 Accepted : 2015-08-05 Published : 2015-06-01

Keywords: پذیرش, آبیاری بارانی, بهره برداران, شهرستان فامنین,

Abstract :

سرزمین پهناور ایران به دلیل قرار گرفتن در کمربند خشکی جهان، همواره با مشکل با کم آبی مواجه بوده است. در چنین شرایطی در بخش کشاورزی به عنوان بزرگترین و مهمترین مصرف کننده آب، باید اقداماتی در جهت افزایش بهره وری و بهبود بازده آبیاری از طریق گسترش فناوری های آب اندوز صورت گیرد. از این رو هدف از مطالعه حاضر، بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر توسعه و پذیرش آبیاری بارانی از سوی کشاورزان شهرستان فامنین می باشد. رویکرد غالب تحقیق پیمایشی است. جامعه آماری مورد مطالعه شامل کشاورزان شهرستان فامنین است که با استفاده از فرمول کوکران، تعداد 280 نفر از آنها از طریق نمونه گیری طبقه ای-تصادفی چند مرحله ای و به تعداد مساوی از میان کشاورزان پذیرنده و نپذیرنده سیستم آبیاری بارانی انتخاب شدند. به منظور سنجش روایی پرسشنامه از نظر کارشناسان مربوطه استفاده شده و برای سنجش پایایی پرسشنامه، آماره آلفای کرونباخ به کار رفته که مقدار آن 82 درصد به دست آمده است. نتایج به دست آمده نشان می دهد که عوامل محیطی از قبیل سطح زیر کشت، وضعیت دسترسی به آب، کیفیت آب و عوامل غیر محیطی از قبیل تعداد نیروی کار خانوادگی، تنوع شغلی، شرکت در دوره های آموزشی و دانش فنی کشاورزان در زمینه مدیریت آب زراعی در پذیرش سیستم آبیاری بارانی تأثیر داشته اند و در نهایت مدل لاجیت تخمین زده شده است. همچنین کشاورزان پذیرنده طرح، عدم توجه به آموزش زارعان در مورد طریقۀ نگهداری بعد از اجرا و توجیه علمی و عملی آنها، در دسترس نبودن تعمیرکاران کارآمد، طراحی و اجرای نامناسب سیستم توسط شرکت ها، کیفیت پایین قطعات و اتصالات، گرفتگی آب پاش ها به دلیل شوری آب، عدم تناسب با شرایط محیطی، دشواری استفاده از ماشین آلات و اشغال مساحت زیاد توسط این سیستم ها، حمل و نقل سیستم، کمبود قطعات، نبود امنیت و سرقت قطعات و اتصالات و مالکیت اشتراکی منابع آب را به عنوان عوامل نارضایتی از تکنولوژی آبیاری بارانی مطرح کرده اند.

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