The First Decline in Kashf-Al-Asrar and Odat-Al-Abrar

Subject Areas : Mytho

Aliasgar Zarei ¹ , Alireza Mozafari ²

1 - Ph D. Candidate of Persian Language and Literature, Urmia University
2 - The Asociate Professor of Persian Language and Literature,Urmia University

Received: 2016-05-23 Accepted : 2016-05-23 Published : 2016-05-21

Keywords: animal, Man, The Golden Age, The Fall, The First Decline,

Abstract :

  According to Abulfazl Rashideddin Meybodi in Kashf-Al-Asrar and Odat-Al-Abrarin his interpretation of the story of Cain and Abel, Cain is afraid of a song and escapes from people and becomes familiar with wild animals. The story has a connection with an archetype named the first decline. According to the archetype, the man has fallen from a golden age and has lost his roots. The present article tries to study the first decline archetype in some cultures based on descriptive-comparative method. The archetype can be seen in most of the rituals which indicates the close relationship of man with the nature and animals, the relation that has forgotten by an evil thought. Although the affinity of man and nature that existed in the Golden age has been forgotten, but its trace can still be seen. This archetype is present in different cultures with various forms and some common themes can be found in them.

References:

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Mozaffari, ’Ali Rezā and ’Ali Asghar Zāre’i. (2013/1392SH). “Zahhāk o Beinonahreyn”. Azād University Quarterly Journal of Mytho-mystic Literature. Year 9. No. 33.

Rezāei, Mehdi. (2005/1384SH). Āfarinesh o marg dar asātir (Creation and death in myth). 2^nd ed. Tehran: Asatir.

Sa’di Shirāzi, Mosleh-oddin. (1993/1372SH). Boustān. Ed. by Gholām-hossein Yousefi. 4^th Ed. Tehrān: Khārazmi.

Shokouhi Zanjāni, Mohammad. (2001/1380SH). Sheikh Akhi Faraj Zanjāni. 1^st ed. Zanjān: Nashr-e Shahāb.

Sohravardi, Shahab-oddin ’Omar. (2007/1386SH). ’Awāref-ol-ma’āref. Tr. By Abu-Mansour ibn ’AbdolMo’men Esfahāni. With the Efforts of Ghāsem Ansāri. 4^th ed. Tehran: ’Elmi o farhangi.

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References

Ketāb-e Moghaddas.

Attār, Farid-oddin. (2004/1383SH). Tazkarat-ol-owliā. Ed. by Rynold Nicholson. 1^st ed. Tehrān: Nashr-e Milād.

Avestā. (2002/1381SH). Reported by Jalil-e Doustkhāh. 6^th ed. Tehrān: Morvārid.

Bal’ami, Abu-’Ali. (2007/1386SH). Tārikh-e Bal’ami. Ed. by Mohammad Taghi Bahār and Mohammad Parvin Gonābādi. 1^st ed. Tehran: Nashr-e Hermes.

Bierlein, J. F. (2010/1389SH). Ostoureh-hā-ye movāzi (Parallel Myths). Tr. by Abbās Mokhber. 2^nd ed. Tehrān: Markaz.

Birouni, Abu-Reiy'hān. (2010/1389SH). Āsār-ol-bāghiyah. Tr. by Akbar Dānāseresht. Tehran: Amirkabir.

Blanc, Yannick. (2005/1384SH). Pazhouhesh dar nāgoziri-ye marg-e Gilgamesh. (Enquete Sur La Mart De Gilgamesh). 2^nd ed. Tr. by Jalāl Sattāri. Tehrān: Markaz.

Bondaheshn. (2001/1380H).Translated and reported by Mehrdād Bahār. 2^nd ed. Tehran: Nashr-e Tous.

Christensen, Arthur. (2010/1389SH). Nemoune-hā-ye nakhostin ensān o nakhostin shahriyār dar tārikh-e afsāne-hā-ye Irāniyān (Les types du premier home et du premier roi dans l'histoire légendaire des Iraniens). Tr. by Zhāleh Āmouzegār and Ahmad Tafazzoli. 4^th ed. Tehran: Nashr-e Cheshmeh.

Eliade, Mircea. (2003/1382SH). Ostoureh, ro’yā, rāz (myths, dreams mysteries). Tr. by Ro’ya Monajjem. 3^rded. Tehran: Nashr-e ’Elm.

Eliade, Mircea. (2006/1390SH). Ostoureh-ye bāzgasht-e jāvdāneh (Le mythe de l'éternel retour). Tr. by Bahman Sarkārāti. Tehran: Tahouri.

Emāmi, Sāber. (2001/1380SH). Asātiri dar motoun-e tafsiri. 1^st ed. Tehrān: Nashr-e Ganjineh-ye Farhang.

Ferdowsi, Abolghāsem. (1999/1378SH). Shāhnāmeh. Moscow edition. 2^nd ed. Tehran: Nashr-e Soureh Mehr.

Gilgamesh. (2008.1387SH). Tr. by Ahmad Shāmlou. 6^th ed. Tehrān: Nashr-e Cheshmeh.

Gray, John. (2011/1390SH). Asātir-e khāvar-e nazdik (‎Near Eastern mythology). Tr. by Bājelān Farrokhi. 2^nd ed. Tehrān: Asātir.

Grimal, Pierre. (2002/1381SH). (2008/1387SH). Ostoureh-hā-ye Bābel va Irān-e Bāstān (Alain ‎Contes et legendes De Babylone et De Perse). Tr. by Iraj ’Ali Ābādi.3^rd ed. Thehrān: Sherkat-e Enteshārāt-e Elmi va Farhangi.

Guerin, Wilfred L. and et.al. (2001/1380SH). Mabāni-e naghd-e adabi (A Handbook of critical Approaches to literature). Tr. by Farzāneh Tāheri. 2^nd ed. Tehran: Niloufar.

Hinnells, John Russell. (2010/1389SH). Shenākht-e asātir-e Iran (Persian mythology). Tr. by Bājelān Farrokhi. 3^rd ed. Tehran: Asātir.

Hinnells, John Russell. (2010/1389SH). Shenākht-e asātir-e Iran (Persian mythology). Tr. by Zhāleh Āmouzegār and Ahmad Tafazzoli. 8^th ed. Tehran: Nashr-e Cheshmeh.

Jāmi, Nour-oddin ’Abd-orrahmān. (1991/1370SH). Nafahāt-ol-ons. Dr. Mahmoud ’Ābedi. Tehran: Ettelā’āt.

Jung, Carl Gustav. (2005/1384SH). Ensān va sambol-hā-yash. Tr. by Mahmoud Soltāniyeh. 5^thed. Tehrān: Nashr-e Jāmi.

Kramer, Samuel Noah. (2011/1391SH). Alvāh-e Soumeri (‎From the tablets of Sumer). Tr. by Dāvoud Rasā'ei. 4^th ed. Thehrān: Nashr-e ’Elmi o Farhangi.

McCall, Henrietta. (2006/1385SH). Jahān-e Ostoure-hā (World of myths). Tr. by ’Abbās Mokhber. 2^nd ed. Tehran: Markaz.

Meibodi, Abolfazl Rashid-oddin. (1982/1361SH). Kashfol-asrār va Oddatol-abrār. With the efforts of ’Ali Asghar Hekmat. 1^st ed. Tehrān: Amirkabir.

Mihani, Mohammad Ebn-e Monavvar. (1997/1376SH). Asrār-ottowhid. Ed. by. Mohammad Rezā Shafi’ei Kadkani. 2^nd ed. Tehran: Nashr-e Ᾱgāh.

Mowlavi, Jalāl-oddin Mohammad. (1996/1375SH). Masnavi-e Ma’navi. Ed. by R.N. Nicholson. 8^th ed. Tehran: Nashr-e Behzād.

Mozaffari, ’Ali Rezā and ’Ali Asghar Zāre’i. (2013/1392SH). “Zahhāk o Beinonahreyn”. Azād University Quarterly Journal of Mytho-mystic Literature. Year 9. No. 33.

Rezāei, Mehdi. (2005/1384SH). Āfarinesh o marg dar asātir (Creation and death in myth). 2^nd ed. Tehran: Asatir.

Sa’di Shirāzi, Mosleh-oddin. (1993/1372SH). Boustān. Ed. by Gholām-hossein Yousefi. 4^th Ed. Tehrān: Khārazmi.

Shokouhi Zanjāni, Mohammad. (2001/1380SH). Sheikh Akhi Faraj Zanjāni. 1^st ed. Zanjān: Nashr-e Shahāb.

Sohravardi, Shahab-oddin ’Omar. (2007/1386SH). ’Awāref-ol-ma’āref. Tr. By Abu-Mansour ibn ’AbdolMo’men Esfahāni. With the Efforts of Ghāsem Ansāri. 4^th ed. Tehran: ’Elmi o farhangi.

Tagore, Rabindranath. (1955/1334SH). Chitrā va gozideh-ye as’ār. Fathollāh Mojtabāei. 1^sted. Tehrān : Nashr-e Nil.

 

 

 

References

Ketāb-e Moghaddas.

Attār, Farid-oddin. (2004/1383SH). Tazkarat-ol-owliā. Ed. by Rynold Nicholson. 1^st ed. Tehrān: Nashr-e Milād.

Avestā. (2002/1381SH). Reported by Jalil-e Doustkhāh. 6^th ed. Tehrān: Morvārid.

Bal’ami, Abu-’Ali. (2007/1386SH). Tārikh-e Bal’ami. Ed. by Mohammad Taghi Bahār and Mohammad Parvin Gonābādi. 1^st ed. Tehran: Nashr-e Hermes.

Bierlein, J. F. (2010/1389SH). Ostoureh-hā-ye movāzi (Parallel Myths). Tr. by Abbās Mokhber. 2^nd ed. Tehrān: Markaz.

Birouni, Abu-Reiy'hān. (2010/1389SH). Āsār-ol-bāghiyah. Tr. by Akbar Dānāseresht. Tehran: Amirkabir.

Blanc, Yannick. (2005/1384SH). Pazhouhesh dar nāgoziri-ye marg-e Gilgamesh. (Enquete Sur La Mart De Gilgamesh). 2^nd ed. Tr. by Jalāl Sattāri. Tehrān: Markaz.

Bondaheshn. (2001/1380H).Translated and reported by Mehrdād Bahār. 2^nd ed. Tehran: Nashr-e Tous.

Christensen, Arthur. (2010/1389SH). Nemoune-hā-ye nakhostin ensān o nakhostin shahriyār dar tārikh-e afsāne-hā-ye Irāniyān (Les types du premier home et du premier roi dans l'histoire légendaire des Iraniens). Tr. by Zhāleh Āmouzegār and Ahmad Tafazzoli. 4^th ed. Tehran: Nashr-e Cheshmeh.

Eliade, Mircea. (2003/1382SH). Ostoureh, ro’yā, rāz (myths, dreams mysteries). Tr. by Ro’ya Monajjem. 3^rded. Tehran: Nashr-e ’Elm.

Eliade, Mircea. (2006/1390SH). Ostoureh-ye bāzgasht-e jāvdāneh (Le mythe de l'éternel retour). Tr. by Bahman Sarkārāti. Tehran: Tahouri.

Emāmi, Sāber. (2001/1380SH). Asātiri dar motoun-e tafsiri. 1^st ed. Tehrān: Nashr-e Ganjineh-ye Farhang.

Ferdowsi, Abolghāsem. (1999/1378SH). Shāhnāmeh. Moscow edition. 2^nd ed. Tehran: Nashr-e Soureh Mehr.

Gilgamesh. (2008.1387SH). Tr. by Ahmad Shāmlou. 6^th ed. Tehrān: Nashr-e Cheshmeh.

Gray, John. (2011/1390SH). Asātir-e khāvar-e nazdik (‎Near Eastern mythology). Tr. by Bājelān Farrokhi. 2^nd ed. Tehrān: Asātir.

Grimal, Pierre. (2002/1381SH). (2008/1387SH). Ostoureh-hā-ye Bābel va Irān-e Bāstān (Alain ‎Contes et legendes De Babylone et De Perse). Tr. by Iraj ’Ali Ābādi.3^rd ed. Thehrān: Sherkat-e Enteshārāt-e Elmi va Farhangi.

Guerin, Wilfred L. and et.al. (2001/1380SH). Mabāni-e naghd-e adabi (A Handbook of critical Approaches to literature). Tr. by Farzāneh Tāheri. 2^nd ed. Tehran: Niloufar.

Hinnells, John Russell. (2010/1389SH). Shenākht-e asātir-e Iran (Persian mythology). Tr. by Bājelān Farrokhi. 3^rd ed. Tehran: Asātir.

Hinnells, John Russell. (2010/1389SH). Shenākht-e asātir-e Iran (Persian mythology). Tr. by Zhāleh Āmouzegār and Ahmad Tafazzoli. 8^th ed. Tehran: Nashr-e Cheshmeh.

Jāmi, Nour-oddin ’Abd-orrahmān. (1991/1370SH). Nafahāt-ol-ons. Dr. Mahmoud ’Ābedi. Tehran: Ettelā’āt.

Jung, Carl Gustav. (2005/1384SH). Ensān va sambol-hā-yash. Tr. by Mahmoud Soltāniyeh. 5^thed. Tehrān: Nashr-e Jāmi.

Kramer, Samuel Noah. (2011/1391SH). Alvāh-e Soumeri (‎From the tablets of Sumer). Tr. by Dāvoud Rasā'ei. 4^th ed. Thehrān: Nashr-e ’Elmi o Farhangi.

McCall, Henrietta. (2006/1385SH). Jahān-e Ostoure-hā (World of myths). Tr. by ’Abbās Mokhber. 2^nd ed. Tehran: Markaz.

Meibodi, Abolfazl Rashid-oddin. (1982/1361SH). Kashfol-asrār va Oddatol-abrār. With the efforts of ’Ali Asghar Hekmat. 1^st ed. Tehrān: Amirkabir.

Mihani, Mohammad Ebn-e Monavvar. (1997/1376SH). Asrār-ottowhid. Ed. by. Mohammad Rezā Shafi’ei Kadkani. 2^nd ed. Tehran: Nashr-e Ᾱgāh.

Mowlavi, Jalāl-oddin Mohammad. (1996/1375SH). Masnavi-e Ma’navi. Ed. by R.N. Nicholson. 8^th ed. Tehran: Nashr-e Behzād.

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