The Mediating Role of Self-Construal in the Relationship Between Parenting Styles and Identity Styles with Psychological Well-being
Subject Areas : روان درمانگریSimin Mouradi Moughadam 1 , Somaieh Salehi 2
1 - Psychology and Counseling Group,Islamic Azad UniversitySouth Tehran Branch
2 - Psychology and Counseling Group,Islamic Azad UniversitySouth Tehran Branch
Keywords: Parenting styles, Identity styles, psychological well-being, self -construal,
Abstract :
This study aimed to determine the mediating role of self-construal in the relationship between parenting styles and identity styles with psychological well-being. The statistical population was working mothers with children aged 11 to 16 in Tehran's District 6 in 2020. Based on acorrelation plan, 320 people were selected by convenience sampling method.They responded to the Psychological Well-Being Scale-Short Form (Reef, 1989), the Parenting Styles Inventory (Baumrind, 1973), the Identity Styles Inventory (Berzonsy, 1992), and the Self-construal Scale (Singelis, 1994). The findings of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between parenting styles and identity styles with self-construal and psychological well-being. According to the results, parenting styles and identity styles explain 12% and 20% of the variance of independent and dependent self-construct, respectively. In addition, parenting styles, identity styles, and self-construct explain 32% of the variance in psychological well-being. The results of path analysis showed that independent and dependent self-construal in the relationship between parenting styles and identity styles with the psychological well-being of mothers had a significant indirect effect. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that self-interpretation has a mediating role in the relationship between parenting styles and identity styles with psychological well-being.
Abbott, R. A., Ploubidis, G. B., Huppert, F. A., Kuh, D., & Croudace, T. J. (2010). An evaluation of the precision of measurement of Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scales in a population sample. Social Indicators Re- search, 97(3), 357-373.
Alvandifar, S., Kadivar, P. & Arabzadeh, M. (2017). The mediating role of self-interpretation in the relationship between self-esteem and creativity. Journal of Innova- tion and Creativity in the Humanities, 7 (3), 163-194. [In Persian].
Asghari, F., Tarvardizadeh, Sh., & Saadat, S. (2014). Re- lationship between parenting patterns and attachment styles with psychological well-being in female students of Payame Noor Talesh University. Bayhaq, 19 (3), 57- 67. [In Persian].
Baloğlu, M. (2003). Individual differences in statistics anx- iety among college students. Personality and Individu- al Differences, 34(5), 855-865.
Baumrind, D. (1973). The development of instrumental competence through socialization. In Minnesota Symposium on Child Psychology,7, 3-46.
Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607-610.
Lavasani, M. G., Borhanzadeh, S., Afzali, L., & Hejazi, E. (2011). The relationship between perceived parenting styles, social support with psychological Well-Being. Procedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 1852- 1856. [In Persian].
Leigh, B., & Milgrom, J. (2008). Risk factors for antenatal depression, postnatal depression and parenting stress. World Journal of Psychiatry, 8(1), 8-24.
Li, C. (2005). Identity and young adult well-being: A closer look at identity style and identity structure. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Alabama, auburn university.
Love, H., May, R. W., Cui, M., & Fincham, F. D. (2005). Helicopter parenting, self-control, and school burnout among emerging adults. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29(2), 327-337.
Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motiva- tion. Psychological Review, 98(2), 224-253.
Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (2010). Culture and selves: A cycle of mutual constitution. Perspectives on Psy- chological Science, 5(4), 420– 430.
Matejevic, M., Jovanovic, D., & Ilic, M. (2015). Patterns of family functioning and parenting style of adoles- cents with depressive reactions. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 185, 234-239.
McAdams, D. P., & McLean, K. C. (2013). Narrative identity. Current Directions in Psychological Science, .233-238 ,)3(22
McLean, K. C., Lilgendahl, J. P., Fordham, C., Alpert, E., Marsden, E., Szymanowski, K., & McAdams, D. P. (2018). Identity development in cultural context: The role of deviating from master narratives. Journal of Personality, 86(4), 631-651.
Moradifard, R., Seydi, M. S., & Zeinali, F. (2020). Fam- ily emotional involvements and the quality of adoles- cents’ relationship with peers:the mediating role of the quality of parent-child interactions. Journal of Devel- opmental Psychology: Iranian Psychologists, 17(65),
293 27-38. [In Persian].
Evenson, R. J., & Simon, R. W. (2005). Clarifying the re- lationship between parenthood and depression. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 46(4), 341-358.
Fatehi, A. A., Yousefi, F., & Malekizadeh, A. (2020). The mediating role of moral identity in the relation- ship between family communication patterns and happiness. Journal of Developmental Psychology: Iranian Psychologists, 16(64), 351-364. [In Persian].
Ghazanfari, A. (2004). Validation and Norm of the Identity Style Questionnaire (ISI-6G). Journal of Educational Studies and Psychology, 1 (5), 81-94. [In Persian].
Hamidi, F., & Ansari, SH. (2016). The relationship be- tween parenting styles and students’ hardship and psy- chological well-being. Family and Research Quarterly, 13 (32), 47-65. [In Persian].
Hardy, D. F., Power, T.G., & Jaedicke, S. (2004). Examin- ing the relation of parenting to children’s coping with everyday stress. Child Development, 64, 1829-1841.
Herbig, M. (2016).The relationship between self-construal and parenting practices. EKU Libraries Research Award for Undergraduates, 9.
Higgins, A., Tuohy, T., Murphy, R., & Begley, C. (2016). Mothers with mental health problems: Contrasting ex- periences of support within maternity services in the Republic of Ireland. Midwifery, 36, 28-34.
Hill, N. E. (2006). Disentangling ethnicity, socioeconomic status and parenting: Interactions, influences and meaning. Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies, 1(1), 114-124.
Jafari Azar, F. (2016). Predicting academic vitality based on parenting styles and perceptions of school atmos- phere in elementary school students. Master Thesis in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Shahroud. [In Persian].
Keller, H., Völker, S., & Yovsi, R. D. (2005). Conceptions of parenting in different cultural communities: The case of west African Nso and Northern German women. So- cial Development, 14(1), 158-180.
Kitayama, S., & Markus, H. R. (2014). Culture and the pro- motion of well-being in East and West: Understanding varieties of attunement to the surrounding context. In increasing psychological well-being in clinical and ed- ucational settings (pp. 1-19). UK: Springer, Dordrecht.
Silk, J. S., Morris, A. S., Kanaya, T., & Steinberg, L. (2003). Psychological control and autonomy granting: Opposite ends of a continuum or distinct constructs? Journal of research on Adolescence, 13(1), 113-128.
Singelis, T. M. (1994). The measurement of independent and interdependent self-construal. Personality and So- cial Psychology Bulletin, 20(5), 580-591.
Smokowski, P. R., Evans, C. B., Cotter, K. L., & Web- ber, K. C. (2014). Ethnic identity and mental health in American Indian youth: Examining mediation path- ways through self-esteem, and future optimism. Jour- nal of Youth and Adolescence, 43(3), 343-355.
Sorkhabi, N. (2005). Applicability of Baumrind’s parent typology to collective cultures: Analysis of cultural ex- planations of parent socialization effects. International Journal of Behavioral Development 29(6), 552–563.
Taheri, M. ,. Yaryari, F., Sarami, GH., Adibmanesh, M. (2013). The relationship between identity styles, happiness and psychological well-being in univer- sity students. Knowledge and Research in Applied Psychology, 14 (1), 71-82. [In Persian].
Varma, P., Cheaskul, U., & Poonpol, P. (2018). The in- fluence of parenting styles on academic adjustment and psychological well-being among Thai university students mediated by Internet addiction and self-regu- lation: A path model. Journal for Leadership and In- struction, 17(2), 13-24.
Vleioras, G., & Bosma, H. A. (2005). Are identity styles important for psychological well-being? Journal of Ad- olescence Research, 28, 397-409.
Yaman, A., Mesman, J., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bak- ermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Linting, M. (2010). Parenting in an individualistic culture with a col- lectivistic cultural background: The case of Turkish immigrant families with toddlers in the Netherlands. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 19(5), 617-628.
Zhu, B., Chen, C. R., Shi, Z. Y., Liang, H. X., & Liu, B. (2016). Mediating effect of self-efficacy in relationship between emotional intelligence and clinical communi- cation competency of nurses. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 3(2), 162-168.
Nomaguchi, K. M., & Milkie, M. A. (2003). Costs and re- wards of children: The effects of becoming a parent on adults’ lives. Journal of Marriage and Family, 65(2), .356-374
Oleś, P.K.(2008).Oróżnychrodzajachtożsamościora- zichstałościizmianie[Thedifferentkindsofidentities and their constancy, and change]. In P. K. Oleś & A. Batory (Eds.), Tożsamość i jej przemiany a kultura [The identity and its transformation, and culture] (pp. 41–84). Lublin: Wydawnictwo Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego.
Pilarska, A. (2014). Self-Construal as a Mediator between identity structure and subjective well-Being. Current Psychology, 33, 130-154.
Rahiminejad, A., Rostami, R., Siahpoosh, S. Z., & Ak- bari, S. (2013). The relationship between identity and psychological styles. Journal of Applied Psychological Research, 1 (4), 12-23. [In Persian].
Ryff, C. D. & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of psy- chological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 719–727.
Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Ex- ploration on the meaning of psychological wellbeing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, .1069-1081
Segerstrom, S. C., & Miller, G. E. (2004). Psychological stress and the human immune system: A meta-analyt- ic study of 30 years of inquiry. Psychological Bulletin, .601-630 ,)4(130
Shukri, A., Tajik Ismaili, A., Daneshvarpour, Z., Ghanaie, Z., & Dastjerdi, R. (2007). Individual differences in identity styles and psychological well-being: The role of identity commitment. Cognitive Science News, 9(2), 33-46. [In Persian].
Shweder, R. A., Goodnow, J., Hatano, G., LeVine, R. A., Markus, H., & Miller, P. (1980). The cultur- al psychology of development: One mind, many mentalities. In R. M. Lerner (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology, Vol. 1: Theoretical models of human development (pp.865–937). New York: Wiley.