Survey Role and Important of Surfaces Structure and β–lactamase of Bacillus cereus in Drug Resistant
Subject Areas : Bacteriology
Shilla Jalalpoor
1
(Shahreza Branch, Young Researchers Club, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza, Iran)
Hamid Abousaidi
2
(Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran)
Keywords: S-layer, Bacillus cereus, Antibiotic resistant, β–lactamase, Nosocomial infections,
Abstract :
Background and Objectives: S-layer is a outer protein in bacteria and archaea which intensifies bacterial pathogenicity due to inhibiting antibiotic’s entrance to cells. Because staffs and hospital surfaces have a major role in nosocomial infections, contaminating this source with S-layer and β–lactamase positive strains of B. cereus can lead to spread the antibiotic resistant nosocomial infections. In this study, in addition to determine the frequency of S-layer and β–lactamase positive strains in hospital environment, their function in inhibition of antibiotic’s entrance has been surveyed. Material and Methods: The descriptive research was performed on 274 samples isolated from Azzahra hospital and Isfahan University during 2005/2007. In order to preparation of samples, 16 hours bacterial culture in TSA (Tryptone Soya Agar) were used and then electrophoresis with 10X SDS-PAGE were performed. Antibiogram were performed with Kirby Bauer method and β–lactamase production, with acidimetric method. Results: From 247 isolated bacteria, frequency of B. cereus strains was %9.49. Eleven sample (84/6%) from 13 isolated B. cereus of staff hand and 1 sample (7/7%) from 13 isolated B.cereus from hospital surfaces produce S-layer nano-structure. According to antibiogram result, non producer S-layer strains, in comparative S-layer producer strains, were more sensitive to antibiotics and all S-layer producer B.cereus strains, produce β–lactamase. Conclusion: Result of this study show high prevalence S-layer and β–lactamase producer B. cereus strains in hospital, that lead to increase antibiotic resistance nosocomial infection and is necessary go on to reduce transfer virulence agent and antibiotic resistant in pathogen bacteria.
1.Van der Zwet WC, Parlevliet GA, Savelkoul PH, Stoof J,Kaiser AM.Outbreak of Bacillus cereus infection in a neonatal intensive care unit traced to balloons used in manual ventilation. J Clin Microbiol ,2000;38:4131-6.
2.Amaout M.K, Tamburro RF, Bodner S.M. Bacillus cereus causing fulminanl sepsis and hemolysis in two patients with acule leukemia.Pediatr Hematol Oncol ,1999;21:431-5.
3.Hilliard NJ, Schelonka RL, Waites KB. Bacillus cereus bacteremia in a preterm neonate. J Clin Microbiol, 2003;41:3441-4.
4.Chu WP, Que TL, Lee WK, Wong SN.Meningoencephalitis caused by Bacillus cereus in a neonate.Hong Kong Med J .2001;7:89-92.
5.Gaur AH. Patrick CC, McCullers JA.Bacillus cereus bacteremia and meningitis in immuno compromised children. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;32:1456-62.
6.Tuladhar R, Patole SK, Koh TH .Bacillus cereus infection in a neonate. Int J Clin Pract. 2000 ;54:345-47.
7.Mori T.Tokuhira M.Takae.Successful non-surgicallrealment of brain abscess and necrolizing fasciitis caused by Bacilus cereus. Intern Med -II.2002:671-73.
8.Paterson DL, Bonomo Ra.Extended spectrum b-lactamases: A Clinical Update. Cli Microbiol Rev,2005;18:657-86.
9.Jalalpoor Sh, Kasra Kermanshahi R, Nouhi AS, Zarkesh Esfahani H. Study Production of b-lactamase and Surface layer,Nano Structure in some of Isolated Pathogen Bacteria From Clinical and Environmental Hospital Samples.MSc, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch.Iran, Tehran, 2007;46-84.
10.Sara M ,Uwe B. Sleytr. S-Layer Proteins.J Bacteriol,2000;182(4):859–68.
11.Eichler j.Facing extremes:archaeal surface-layer (glyco) proteins. Microbiology, 2003;149: 3347-51.
12.Schaffer Ch, Paul M.The structure of secondary cell wall polymers: how Gram-positive bacteria stick their cell walls together .Microbiol,2005;15:643–51.
13.Masahiro Y, Hirofuji T,Motooka N, Nozoe K, Shigenaga K,Anan H ,etal. Humoral Immune Responses to S-Layer-Like Proteins of Bacteroides forsythus. Clin Diagnost Laborate Immune, 2003;10 (3):383–7
14.Sara M.Conserved anchoring mechanisms between crystalline cell surface S-layer proteins and secondary cell wall polymers in Gram-positive bacteria.Trends Microbiol,2001;9:47–9.
15.Messner P, Steiner K, Zarschler K, Schaffer C.S-layer nanoglycobiology of bacteria. Carbohydr Rese,2008;343(12)1934-51.
16.Sehulster L, Raymond Y.W. Guidelines for Environmental Infection Control in Health-Care Facilities. U.S.Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) .2003,Atlanta GA 30333.
17.Jalalpoor Sh,Kasra Kermanshahi R , Nouhi A.S , Zarkesh Esfahani. Survey Frequence of β-lactamase Enzyme and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern in Isolated Pathogen Bacteria from Low and High Hospital Contact Surfaces. Pajuhandeh Journal. 1389;15(2):77-82.
18.Washington C, Stephen A, Janda W , Koneman E, Procop G,Schreckenberger P, Woods G.Koneman's Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology, Sixth edition.USA: Lippincott wiiliams & wilkins; 2006,775-9.
19.Estes R. Food, Hands and Bacteria.2000.Available at http://pubs.caes.uga.edu/ caespubs/pubcd/ B693.htm#Wash. Accessed july 8, 2006.
20.Kotiranta A, Haapasalo M ,Kari K. Surface Structure, Hydrophobicity, Phagocytosis ,and Adherence to Matrix Proteins of Bacillus cereus Cells with and without the Crystalline Surface Protein Layer. Infect and Immun. 1998;66(10):4895–902.
21.Kotiranta AK, Hitoshi I, Markus P.Haapasalo P,Kari L. Radiation sensitivity of Bacillus cereus with and without a crystalline surface protein layer. FEMS Microbiol Lett.1999;179:275-80.
22.Jalalpoor Sh, Kasra Kermanshahi R, Nouhi AS, Zarkesh Isfahani H. Determination nano structure surface layer in B.cereus. Proceedings of the 2nd International Biology Congress; 2008 February 6-7; Tehran, Iran. p. 14.
23.Jalalpoor Sh, Kasra Kermanshahi R, Nouhi AS, Zarkesh Isfahani H. Survey effect of in-vivo and in-vitro condition on expression of surface layer genes in bacteria. Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society. 2009; 6 (suppl): S11.
24.Sambrook J, Russell D.W. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual,3rd Edition.Cold Spring Harbor,NY:Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press;2001.
25.Wikler MA, Cockerill FR, Craig WA, Dudley MN, Eliopoulos GM, Hecht DW, Hindler JF, et al Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Tests; Approved Standard. Ninth Edition.2006; 26 (1).
26.Llanes R, Gonzalez M, Martinez I, Sosa J, Guzman D, Gutirrez O, et al. Evaluation of Four Methods for Detecting the Beta-lactamase Activity in Neisseria gonorrhoeae Isolated in Cuba. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro,2003;98(8):1089-91.
27.β-lacatamase. testing for beta lactamase production.2006 .Available at www.Aecom .yu.edu/home/id/idmicro/betalactamase.htm. 2006.Accessed 9.5.2006.
28.Kampf G, Kramer A . Epidemiologic Background of Hand Hygiene and Evaluation of the Most Important Agents for Scrubs and Rubs. Clinl Microbiol Rev. 2004;17(4):863-93.
29.Jalalpoor Sh, Kasra Kermanshahi R, Nouhi AS, Zarkesh Esfahani. Comparison of the Frequency β-lactamase Enzyme in Isolated Nosocomial Infectious Bacteria. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Science. 1388;8(3):203-214.
30.Jalalpoor Sh, Kasra Kermanshahi R, Nouhi AS, Zarkesh Esfahani H. The role of nanostructured surface layer and production of β–lactamase in penicillin resistant Bacillus cereus strains. Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology .2010, 4(1)18-26.
31.Jalalpoor Sh, Kasra Kermanshahi R, Nouhi AS, Zarkesh Isfahani H. The Prevalence of Nano-structure Surface Layer in Bacillus Cereus Strains Isolated from Staff Hands and Hospital Surfaces. Journal of Isfahan Medical School. 27(100);2009:632-645.
32.Jalalpoor Sh, Kasra Kermanshahi R, Nouhi AS, Zarkesh Isfahani H. Survey Prevalence Nano Structure Surface layer in Isolated Bacteria from Bacterial flora in Staff Hands. 1st East Mediterranean Microbiology Congress: 2010 Mey 10-13 .Gilan, Iran. p. 392.
33.Girard R ,Perraud M, Pruss A ,Savey A, Tikhomirov E, Thuriaux M, Vanhems P.Prevention of hospital-acquired infections,A practical guide, Department of Communicable Disease,Surveillance and Response, Editors; Ducel G, Fabry j, Nicolle L, 2nd edition.2002.Available at WHO/CDS/CSR/EPH/2002.12.
34.Widmer AF.Replace hand washing with use of a waterless alcohol hand rub. Clin Infect Dis.2000;31:136-43.
35.Pratt RJ.The epic project: Developing national evidence-based guidelines for preventing healthcare associated infections.Phase I:Guidelines for preventing hospital- acquired infections.J Hosp Infect .2001;47(Supplement):S3–S4.
36.World Health Organization. Global Strategy for Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance. Original: English, Distribution: General .2001.2.Available at WHO/CDS/CSR/DRS/2001.2. Accessed 3.6.2007.
37.Rosenthal Victor D, Maki G ,Dennis Silom Jamulitrat. International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) report, data summary for 2003-2008, issued June 2009. Am J Infect Control .2010;38:95-106.
38.Victor D. Rosenthal, Dennis G. Maki, Camila Rodrigues. Impact of International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) Strategy on Central Line–Associated Bloodstream Infection Rates in the Intensive Care Units of 15 Developing Countries. Infec cont hosp epidemiol .2010; 31(12).
39.Rosenthal VD, Maki DG, Jamulitrat S. International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) report, data summary for 2003– 2008, issued June 2009. Am J Infect Control. 2010;38(2):95–104.
40.Madani N, Rosenthal VD, Dendane T, Abidi K, Zeggwagh AA, Abouqal R. Healthcare-associated infections rates, length of stay, and bacterial resistance in an intensive care unit of Morocco: findings of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC). Int Arch Med.2009;2:29.
41.Mielke M.Prevention and control of nosocomial infections and resistance to antibiotics in Europe - Primum non-nocere: elements of successful prevention and control of healthcare-associated infections. Int J Med Microbiol. 2010;300(6):346-50.
42.Rosenthal VD, Maki DG, Rodrigues C, Alvarez-Moreno C, Leblebicioglu H, Sobreyra-Oropeza M, Berba R, Madani N. Impact of International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) strategy on central line-associated bloodstream infection rates in the intensive care units of 15 developing countries. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2010;31(12):1264-72.
