Tension Development and Transition from Turkish strategical balancing in the Middle East

Subject Areas : International Relations

Ebrahim Mottaghi ¹ (استاد دانشگاه تهران)
Fatemeh Nekoolal Azad ² (دانشجوی دکترای روابط بین‌الملل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات)
Amir Ramezani ³ (دانشجوی دکترای روابط بین‌الملل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات)

Received: 2016-07-05 Accepted : 2016-07-05 Published : 2016-06-21

Keywords: the Middle East, Turkey, balancing, regional smart balance, security policy,

Abstract :

Abstract Transition from balancing can be regarded as the advent of neo-Ottomanize strategies. Neo-Ottomanize has found new ties with the realities of Caliphate and rule-oriented groups. Since the Justice and Development Party has close ideological ties with the rule-oriented Society of the Muslim Brothers, it has exerted notable influence on the mechanisms concerning political and security roles it can play in Turkey and the Middle East. The new assessment of the elements of power and the political role played by Turkey goes back to the time when the Justice and Development Party made an attempt to follow a new model of neo-Ottomanize in the structure as well as the regional strategic goals of Turkey. Although Ahmet Davutoğlu brought forward the theory of Strategic Depth: Turkey’s Position in International Relations”, the approach could not pave the grounds for regional balancing in Turkey’s security- policies. The strategic ties of Turkey and Saudi Arabia have affected the balancing process. The present study shows the “balancing strategy” has failed in its function to minimize the contradictions between Turkey and its surrounding including the Arabic Middle East and the East Mediterranean. The key question posed by the article is “Why the strategic balancing in the Justice and Development Party’s foreign policy has undergone a change?” Our hypothesis stresses that regional crises and emergence of new security contradictions in the Middle East has made it inevitable for Turkey to support regional Caliphate in its foreign policy while Turkey’s strategic balancing is inclined towards developing the interaction-cooperation-competition model with regards to the necessities of international policies as well as the strategic necessities of Turkey in its regional and international treaties.

References:

منابع:

داود اوغلو، احمد، (1391)، عمق راهبردی؛ موقعیت ترکیه در صحنه بین‌‌الملل، ترجمه محمدحسین نوحی‌‌نژاد ممقانی، تهران، انتشارات امیرکبیر.

فولر، گراهام (1373)، قبله عالم: ژئوپلتیک ایران، ترجمه عباس مخبر، تهران: نشر مرکز.

کاستلز، مانوئل (1380)، عصر اطلاعات: قدرت هویت، ترجمه محمدحسن علیقلیان، تهران: انتشارات طرح نو.

کوهن، سائول برنارد (1387)، ژئوپلتیک نظام جهانی، ترجمه عباس کاردان، تهران: موسسه فرهنگی ابرار معاصر تهران.

لیتل، ریچارد و مایکل اسمیت(1389)، دیدگاههایی درباره سیاست جهان، ترجمه علیرضا طیب، تهران: انتشارات علمی و فرهنگی

متقی، ابراهیم (1388)، آمریکا در برابر ایران، تهران: انتشارات مطالعات راهبردی.

هینبوش، الویشس و انوشیروان احتشامی (1382)، سیاست خارجی کشورهای خاورمیانه، ترجمه علی گل‏محمدی، تهران: انتشارات پژوهشکده مطالعات راهبردی.

متقی، ابراهیم و فاطمه نکولعل آزاد(1393)، موازنه گرایی متقارن در سیاست خارجی ترکیه؛ عبور از نقطه صفر، تهران: انتشارات صداقت

مرکز تحقیقات استراتژیک (1390)، تحولات داخلی و نقش منطقه‏ای ترکیه، همکاری‏های منطقه‏ای گروه مطالعات خاورمیانه و خلیج فارس

حیدری، علی و رهنورد(1390) ، «نوعثمانی گرایی و سیاست خارجی خاورمیانه‌ای ترکیه»، فصلنامه رهنامه سیاستگذاری، سال دوم، شماره دوم.

Boyd, Andrew (1998), An Atlas of World Affairs, London: Routledge.

Brain, Jenkins, (1975), Terrorism a New Conflic. Los Angles: Crescent Publication.

Hopkirk, Peter (1992), The Great Game: The Struggle for Empire in Central Asia, New York: America Inc.

Nye, Joseph S, (2008), Security andSmart Power American BehavioralScientist, 51: 1351, Originally Published Online 7 March.Oxford University Press.

Alessandri, Emiliano (2010), “Turkey's New Foreign Policy and the Future of Turkey-EU Relations”, The International Spectator, Vol. 45.

Ayoob, M. (2004), “Polotical Islam: Image and Reality”, World Policy Journal, Vol xxi, No 4.

Smith, W. (2005), “Between Allah and Ataturk: Liberal Islam in Turkey”, International Journal of Human Rights, Vol 9.

Jenkins, Gareth (August 2010), “On the Edge – The AKP Shifts Turkey's Political Compass”, Jane’s Intelligence Review.

Kelly, Robert E. (2007), "Security Theory in the New Regionalism", InternationalStudies Review, Vol. 9.

Kohen, Sami (2012), “Is Turkish Foreign Policy Too Ambitious?”, AlMonitor, available at: http://www.al-monitor.com/ pulse/ politics/2012/04/overly- ambitious.html.

Leventhal, (2004), “Who is Terrorist in U.S. Media Discourse”, www.Socalscience.com