The Foraging Ecology of Nguni and Brahman Cattle under Different Management Systems in High-altitude Grasslands of South Africa
Subject Areas : Relationship between Animal and RangelandPhumlile Simelane 1 , Julie Shapiro 2 , Thembs' Alilahlwa A. M. Mahlaba 3 , Robert McCleery 4 , Duncan MacFadyen 5 , Ara Monadjem 6
1 - All Out Africa research station
2 - University of Florida
3 - University of Eswatini
4 - University of Florida
5 - Oppenheimer Generations
6 - Department of Biological Sciences, University of Eswatini
Keywords:
Abstract :
Altmann, J., 1974. Observational study of behaviour: Sampling methods. Behaviour, 49: 227–267.
Bremm, C., Laca, E. A., Fonseca, L., Mezzalira, J. C., Elejalde, D. A. G., Gonda, H. L. and Carvalho, P. C. F., 2012. Foraging behavior of beef heifers and ewes in natural grasslands with distinct proportions of tussocks. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 141: 108 –116.
Byers, C. R., Steinhorst, R. K. and Krausman, P. R., 1984. Clarification of a technique for analysis of utilization availability data. Journal of Wildlife Management, 48: 1050–1053.
Carvalho, P. C. F. and Batello, C., 2009. Access to land, livestock production and ecosystem conservation in the Brazilian Campos biome: The natural grasslands dilemma. Livestock Science 120: 158-162.
Fuhlendorf, S. D., Fynn, R. W. S., McGranahan, D. A. and Twidwell D., 2017. Heterogeneity as the basis for rangeland management. In: Briske D. (ed) Rangeland Systems. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. 169-196.
Hanley, T. A., 1982. The nutritional basis for food selection by ungulates. Journal of Range Management, 35: 146–151.
Manly, B. F., McDonald, L., Thomas, D., McDonald, T.L. and Erickson, W.P., 2002. Resource Selection by Animals. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer Netherlands.
Mpanza, T. D. E., Scogings, P. F., Kunene, N. W. and Zobolo, A. M., 2009. Impacts of cattle on ecological restoration of coastal forests in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Journal of Range and Forage Science, 26: 1–7.
Moyo, B., Dube, S., Lesoli, M. and Masika, P., 2011. Behavioural patterns of cattle in the communal areas of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 7: 2824–2834.
Mucina, L. and Rutherford, M. C., 2006. The vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland, Strelitzia 19. Pretoria: South African National Biodiversity Institute.
Musemwa, L., Mushunje, A., Chimonyo, M., Fraser, G., Mapiye, C. and Muchenje, V., 2008. Nguni cattle marketing constraints and opportunities in the communal areas of South Africa: Review. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 3: 239–245.
R Core Team. 2013. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL http://www.R-project.org\.
Radloff, F. G. T., Van der Waal, C. and Bond, A. L., 2013. Extensive browsing by a conventional grazer? Stable carbon isotope analysis reveals extraordinary dietary flexibility among Sanga cattle of North Central Namibia. Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies, 49: 318–324.
Samuels, I., Cupido, C., Swarts, M. B., Palmer, A. R. and Paulse, J. W., 2016. Feeding ecology of four livestock species under different management in a semi-arid pastoral system in South Africa. African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 33: 1–9.
Savory, A., 1983. The Savory grazing method or holistic resource management. Rangelands, 5: 155-159.
Scherf, B. D., 2000. World watch list for domestic animal diversity. 3rd Edition. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Scholtz, M. M., Bester, J., Mamabolo, J. M. and Ramsay, K. A., 2008. Results of the national cattle survey undertaken in South Africa, with emphasis on beef. Applied Animal Husbandry and Rural Development, 1: 1–9.
Thornton, P. K., Kruska, R. L, Henninger, N., Kristjanson, P. M, Reid, R. S, Atieno, F., Odero, A. and Ndegwa, T., 2002. Mapping poverty and livestock in the developing world. International Livestock Research Institute. Nairobi, Kenya
Van Oudtshoorn, F. 2014. Guide to grasses of southern Africa. Pretoria South Africa: Briza Publications.
Venter, Z. S., Hawkins, H. J., and Cramer, M. D. 2019. Cattle don’t care: Animal behavior is similar regardless of grazing management in grasslands. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 272: