Effect of Organic and Recycling Materials Application on Growth, Morphological and Qualitative Characteristics of Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) as a Medicinal Plant

Subject Areas : Journal of Plant Ecophysiology

Davood Naderi ¹ (Young Researchers and Elite Club, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran)
Sajedeh Amin Alroaia ² (دانش آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد خوراسگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، خوراسگان، ایران)
Ahmadreza Golparvar ³ (دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد خوراسگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، خوراسگان، ایران)

Received: 2016-09-21 Accepted : 2018-04-15 Published : 2018-11-22

Keywords: manure, Chlorophyll, Secondary metabolite, Spent mushroom compost, Phetalic acid,

Abstract :

In this study, the impact of different organic substrate on morphological and qualitative characteristics of Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) was evaluated. The experimental design was conducted in completely randomized design with three replications and eight treatments in the year of 2014 in the research field of Islamic Azad University Isfahan branch. The treatments were including garden soil as control and different proportions of garden soil plus different organic materials include spent mushroom compost, Rice bran and manure. The results showed that the combined application of different substrates (Treatment No. 4: garden soil + spent mushroom compost + Rice bran + manure at a volume ratio of 25%) significantly increased leaf area (47.76 cm2), plant height (24.60 cm), shoots and flowers dry weight (0.043 and 0.014 g respectively), chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll. The highest root dry weight (0.0056 g) was observed on treatment No. 7 (garden soil + spent mushroom compost + manure at a volume ratio of 33%) and treatment No. 8 (garden soil + manure at a volume ratio of 50%). As a result, Phetalic acid and Δ-cadinene were present in all substrates and the most of Δ-cadinene (39.24%) was obtained from the treatment No. 7 (garden soil + spent mushroom compost + manure at a volume ratio of 33%).

References:

حمیسی، م.، ف. سفیدکن، م. نصری و م.ح. لباسچی. 1391. تأثیر مقادیر نیتروژن، فسفر و کود دامی بر عملکرد پیکره رویشی، بازده، عملکرد و کیفیت بابونه کبیر (Tanacetum parthenium L.). مجله تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایرن، جلد 3، شماره 28: 410-399.

رجایی، م.، م. عطارزاده، س.ح. موسوی و م. عطارزاده. 1394. استفاده از کمپوست شیرین‏ بیان (Glycyrrhiza glabra) در کاهش اثر تنش کم آبی در خیار گلخانه‏ای. دانش کشاورزی و تولید پایدار، جلد 25، شماره 3: 90-79.

رضوانی مقدم، پ.م.، ب. امیری و س.م. سیدی. 1393. اثر مصرف کودهای آلی و زیستی بر عملکرد، میزان روغن و ترکیب اسیدهای چرب روغن کنجد (Sesamum indicum L.). مجله علوم زراعی ایران، جلد 16، شماره 3: 221- 209.

عبادی، ع.، ح. علیخانی و ب. یخچالی. 1392. تأثیر پسماندهای آلی مختلف و باکتری‌های مولد اکسین بر شاخص‌های رشدی قارچ دکمه‌ای ( Agaricus bisporus). مجله دانش کشاورزی و تولید پایدار، جلد 23، شماره 4-1: 106-97.

فتوحی قزوینی، ر. و ج. فتاحی مقدم. 1385. پرورش مرکبات در ایران (ویرایش دوم). انتشارات دانشگاه گیلان، 305 صفحه.

قادری، م.، م. حسینی و ل. کرامتی. 1390. تأثیر کمپوست مواد آلی بر خصوصیات رشدی خیار، گوجه فرنگی، کلم و کاهو در محیط گلخانه. مجله علوم کشاورزی ایران، جلد 41: 69-60.

موقتیان، آ.، ا. فاتح، آ. آینه بند و آ. سیاهپوش. 1394. ارزیابی روش های مختلف تغذیه ای خاک بر خواص خاک، جذب عناصر و عملکرد کمی و کیفی گیاه دارویی رازیانه (Foeniculum vulgare Miller.). مجله تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران، جلد 31، شماره 3: 526-512.

Anwar, M., D.D. Patra, S. Chand, A.A. Naqvi and S.P.S. Khanuja. 2005. Effect of organic Manures and organic fertilizer on growth, herb and oil yield nutrient accumulation, and oil quality of French basil. Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 34: 1737- 1746.

Ashraf, M. and A. Orooj. 2006. Salt stress effects on growth, ion accumulation and seed oil concentration in an arid zone traditional medicinal plant Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.). J. Arid Envir., 64: 209-220.

Azzaz, N., A.E.A. Hassan and F.A. Elemarey. 2007 .Physiological, anatomical, and biochemical studies on pot Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) plants. African Crop Science Conference Proceedings, 8: 1727 – 38.

Bachman, G.R. and J.D. Metzger. 2008. Growth of bedding plants in commercial potting substrate amended with vermicompost. Bio. Techno., 99: 3155-3161.

Barea, J.M., M.J. Pozo, R. Azcon and C. Azcon-Aguilar. 2005. Microbial co-operation in the rhizosphere. J. of Exp. Bot., 56: 1761-1778.

Butnariu, M. and C.Z. Coradini. 2012 .Evaluation of biologically active compounds from Calendula officinalis flowers using spectrophotometry. Chem. Cent. J., 6(35): 1-7.

Cavender, N.D., R.M. Atiyeh and M. Knee. 2003. Vermicompost stimulates mycorrhiza colonization of roots of sorghum bicolor at the expense of plant growth. Pedobiologia, 47: 85-89.

Gazim, Z.C., C.M. Rezende, S.R. Fraga, B.P. Dias Filho, C.V. Nakamura and D.A.G. Cortez. 2008. Analysis of the essential oils from Calendula officinalis growing in Brazil using three different extraction procedures. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 44:391-395.

Ghanati, F., S. Bakhtiyarian and P. Abdolmaleki. 2010. Effects of methyl jasmonate on the secondary metabolites of Calendula officinalis L. Journal of Biotechnology, 1(1): 11-23.

Gharib, F.A., L.A. Moussa and O.N. Massoud. 2008. Effect of compost and Bio-fertilizers on growth, yield and essential oil of sweet Marjoram (Majorana hortensis) plant. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology, 10(4): 381-387.

Hamisi, M., F. Sefidkon, M. Nasri and M.H. Lebaschi. 2012. Effects of different amounts of Nitrogen, Phosphor and bovine fertilizers on essential oil content and composition of Tanacetum parthenium L.  Iranian Jour. Med. and Aro.Plants, 3(57): 399-410.

Hussein, M.S., M.Y. ELSherbeny, N.Y. Khalil Naguib and S.M. Aly. 2006. Growth characters and chemical constituents of Dracocephalum moldavica L. plant in relation to compost fertilizer and planting distance. Scienta Horti., 108(3): 322-331.

Khalid, K.A., S.F. Hendawy and E. El-Gezawy. 2006. Ocimum basilicum L. Production under Organic Farming. Res. J. Agric. Biol. Sci., 2(1): 25-32.

Khanzadeh, A. and D. Naderi. 2015. Different growing substrates affect Periwinkle’s (Catharanthus roseus L.) growth and flowering. J. of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, 6(6): 179-186.

Krizek, D.T., S.J. Brita and R.M. Miewcki. 1998. Inhibitory effects of ambient level of solar UV-A and UV-B on growth of cv. New Red Fire Lettuce. Physiol. Plant, 103: 1-7.

Kuo, S., M.E. Ortiz Escobar, N.V. Hue and R.L. Hummel. 2004. Composting and compost utilization for agronomic and container crops. In: Pandalai (Ed.). Recent Research Development and environmental biology. Res. Signpost., pp. 451-513.

Law-ogbomo, K.E. and S.E. Ajayi. 2009. Growth and yield performance of amaranthus cruentus influenced by planting density and poultry manure application. Not Bot Horti. Agrobo., 37:195-199.

Levitt, J. 1980. Salt and ion stresses in: Responses of plant to environmental stress. Academic Press, INC.

Melero, M. 2008. Long-term effect on soil biochemical status of a verti soil under conservation tillage system in semi-arid Mediterranean conditions. European Journal of Soil Biology, 44:.437-442.

Munns, R. and M. Tester. 2008. Mechanisms of salinity tolerance. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 59: 651-681.

Olaniyi, J.O. and M.P. Odedere. 2009. The effects of mineral N and compost fertilizers on the growth, yield and nutritional values of fluted Pumpkin (Telfairia occientalis) in south western Nigeria. J. Anim. Plant Sci., 1: 443-449.

Saijeen, S., O. Kaewman and M. Suksawat. 2009. Evaluation of media, organic and chemical fertilizer applications on growth of pot Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii). Food. Agri. Indus., 51-56.

Sarwar, G., H. Schmeisky, N. Hussain, S. Muhammad, M.A. Tahir and U. Saleem. 2009. Variations in nutrient concentrations of wheat and paddy as affected by different levels of compost and chemical fertilizer in normal soil. Pakistan J Bot., 41(5): 2403-2410.

Yasmeen, S.H., A. Younis, A. Rayit, A. Riaz and S. Shabeer. 2012. Effect of different substrates on growth and flowering of Dianthus caryophyllus cv. ‘Chauband Mixed’. American-Eurasian Agri. and Envir. Sci., 12 (2): 249-258.