Effect of salinity on phytoremediation of contaminated soils (Cadmium) by Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Subject Areas :

Ahmad Borbor hossein beigi ¹ (Research Center for new technologies to produce safe food, Varamin Branch, Islamic Azad University Varamin- Pishva, Varamin, Tehran, Iran)
Mohammadreza Momayezi ² (Research Center for new technologies to produce safe food, Varamin Branch, Islamic Azad University Varamin- Pishva, Varamin, Tehran, Iran)
Majid Aga Mohsseni Fashami ³ (- مرکز تحقیقات فنآوری‌های نوین تولید غذای سالم، واحد ورامین- پیشوا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ورامین- تهران- ایران)

Received: 2015-07-12 Accepted : 2015-12-23 Published : 2016-08-22

Keywords: Heavy metals, phytoremediation, Cadmium, Sunflower,

Abstract :

To evaluate the effect of salinity on phytoremediation of contaminated soil by plant sunflower, an experiment in the greenhouse, College of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Varamin in 2013. Factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design experiment consisted of first factor is soil contamination with cadmium at four levels: 0, 30, 60 and 90 mg of cadmium per kg of soil salinity and the second factor of four levels of NaCl: 0, 2, 4 and 6 dS m. The highest cadmium leaves and stems of treatment (90 mg of cadmium per kg of soil and 6 dS m) with an average of 6.33 mg per kg of dry matter and the lowest related to treatment (90 mg of cadmium per kg of soil and control) with 13.13 mg per kg and the highest cadmium absorption coefficient in saline (6 dS m + 30 mg of cadmium per kg soil) with 0.199 and with the treatment (control + 90 mg of cadmium per kg of soil 0.095), the highest and lowest percentage of protein and 90 milligrams of cadmium per kilogram of soil control respectively 32 and 23 percent, respectively. The highest percentage of protein in the treatment 6 (dS m) with an average of 38 percent was achieved. The protein content of the control (salinity), respectively. The highest amount of chlorophyll a to control the salinity of 6 dS m with an average of 1.096 and 0.767 mg per gram of fresh weight, respectively. The highest and lowest proline content in 90 mg of cadmium per kg of soil and control with an average of 621 and 523 micromoles per fresh weight, respectively .Hieghest and lowest relative water content in irrigation and 90 mg of cadmium per kg soil respectively by 76 and 60 percent, respectively. Most RWC control (salinity) with an average of 74 percent was achieved. Lowest levels in treatments 6 (dS m). The result showed that salinity and cadmium on relative water content, proline content, the content of cadmium in leaves and stems, the absorption coefficient of Cd, protein, chlorophyll a significant effect, but the effect EC on oil percent was not significant. Interaction between cadmium and salinity on cadmium content in leaves and stems, cadmium absorption coefficient, chlorophyll A was significant. Salinity increased plant availability and cadmium so that the cadmium content in wheat increased significantly with increasing salinity.