The stylistic analysis of the tale of Iraj, and Rostam and Shaghad based on Halliday’s systematic functional grammar

Subject Areas : epic

khadijeh bahrami rahnama ¹ , Amir Hossein Mahoozi ²

1 - Assistant Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini(rah)Shahrerey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Assistant Professor, Persian Literature, Payame Noor University, Iran

Received: 2019-05-13 Accepted : 2021-10-14 Published : 2023-04-21

Keywords: Iraj, Rostam and Shaghad, ideational metafunction, textual metafunction, Functional grammar, interpersonal metafunction,

Abstract :

Abstract      Halliday emphasizes on ideational, interpersonal and textural metafunctions in systematic functional linguistics, which can be useful for analyzing sentences of literary texts and understanding special styles of poets or writers. Shahnameh has the potential of being studied in different fields like linguistics, thus the writer analyzes styles of the stories of Iraj and Rostam and Shaghad, based on Halliday’s theory. This paper is an attempt to study the problem of different processes, interpersonal metafunctions, and textural cohesion in stories of Iraj and Rostam and Shaghad. The results of this study show that among all the used processes, material process has the highest frequency in both stories, which indicate concrete events and actions used in the scenes.  In non-structural part of textual metafunction, grammatical and lexical cohesions cause text connections and coordination. In grammatical cohesion, conjunctions and in lexical cohesion reiteration, repetition element has the highest frequency in both stories. Past form of the verbs are used and subjects are often obvious and indicative mood which emphasizes on truthfulness of propositions and certainty of the text has the most frequency in these stories. Investigating and adapting all three semantic layers of Halliday’s theory in the stories of Iraj and Rostam and Shaghad emphasizes on the unified, integrated, coherent structure of both texts.

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• Eggins,S. (2007).An Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguistics, Reprinted: New York.


• Halliday,M.A.K & Hassan, R. (1976). Cohesion in English, London: Longman.


• Halliday,M.A.K & Hassan, (1985).Language, Context & Text:Aspects of Language in a Social- Semiotic & Text, Oxford: University Press.  


• Halliday,M.A.K & Matthiessen, C.I.M.(2004). An Introduction to Functional Grammar, London: Edward Arnold Publication.


• Hassan, R.(1985). Lingustics, Language and Verbal Art, Deaken University Press.


• Thomson, G.(2004). Introducing Functional Grammar, 2nd ed, New York: Arnold.

 

• Eggins,S. (2007).An Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguistics, Reprinted: New York.


• Halliday,M.A.K & Hassan, R. (1976). Cohesion in English, London: Longman.


• Halliday, M.A.K & Hassan, R.(1985). Language, Context & Text: Aspects of Language in a Social- Semiotic & Text, Oxford: University Press.     


• Halliday,M.A.K & Matthiessen, C.I.M.(2004). An Introduction to Functional Grammar, London: Edward Arnold Publication.


• Hassan, R.(1985). Lingustics, Language and Verbal Art, Deaken University Press.


• Thomson, G.(2004). Introducing Functional Grammar, 2nd ed, New York: Arnold.

References

• Aghagolzadeh, Ferdows& Etc (2011)“Story stylistics based on the verb; Role-oriented approach", Bahar-e Adab, Year 4, No. 11, pp. 254-243.


• Aghagolzadeh, Ferdows& Etc,(2012) "Investigation of the verb form in Persian language based on the theory of mental spaces", Adab Pazhohi, No. 20, pp. 154-135.


• Aghagolzadeh, Ferdous. (2015). Critical Discourse Analysis, Tehran: Elmi Farhangi.


• Abolhasani Chimeh, Zahra. (2011). "Types of lexical expression in Persian verbs", Adab Farsi, No. 6, pp. 101-120.


• Tolan, Michael. (2007). A critical linguistic introduction to narrative, trans. Fatemeh Alavi and Fatemeh Nemati, Tehran: 


• Dabir Moghaddam, Mohammad. (2011). Theoretical Linguistics of the Origin and Development of Genitive Grammar, Tehran:


• Rashed Mohsel, Mohammad Reza. (2010). Shahnameh, Manifestation of the National Spirit, Mashhad: Beh Nashr.


• Rostgar-e Fasaei, Mansour. (1990). Image creation in Shahnameh, Shiraz: Shiraz University.


• Rezaei, Vali. (2012). "Syntax and Semantic Analysis of Stative Verbs in Persian", Linguistics and Dialects of Khorasan, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, No. 7, pp. 23-38.


• Sarli, Naser Gholi & Ishani, Tahereh. (2011). "Theory of cohesion and cohesive coordination and its application in a Persian ambush story (Qesse-ye Nardban)", Al-Zahra University language research journal, No. 4, pp. 77-51.


• Safavi, Koroush. (2008). An introduction to semantics, Tehran: Sureh-ye Mehr.


• Abbasi, Mahmoud and et al. (2016). "The coherence of words in the surrealist text of Bufe Kour based on the theory of Halliday and Hassan", Linguistic essays, vol. 7, No. 6 (series 34), pp. 308 -283.


• Emranpour, Mohammad Reza. (2009). "Aesthetic aspects of harmony in contemporary poetry", Faculty of Humanities, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, No. 25 (22), pp. 159-188.


• Ferdowsi, Abulqasem. (2008). Shahnameh, the Moscou copy by the efforts of Saeed Hamidian, Tehran: 


• Fazayeli, Seyedah Maryam et al. (2014). "The stylistic analysis of Haft Khan Rostam's story in Shahnameh within the framework of Halliday's systematic functional grammar", studies of language and dialects of western Iran, Department of Humanities Literature, Razi University of Kermanshah, Year 1, No. 4, pp. 119-142.


• Lines, John. (2012). An introduction to the semantics of language, trans. Koroush Safavi, Tehran: Elmi


• Lotfipour Saedi, Kazem. (2006). An introduction to principles and methods of translation, Tehran: University Press.


• Motahedein, Jaleh. (1975). "Repetition, its audio and rhetorical value", Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Year 11, No. 43, pp. 530-483.


• Mohajer, Mehran & Nabavi, Mohammad. (2014). Towards the Linguistics of Poetry, Tehran: Agah.


• Mehrabi, Masoumeh et al. (2016). "Evaluation of the stylistics of several anecdotes of Golestan in the light of Halliday's systematic functional Grammar ", Linguistic Essays, No. 1, pp. 173-196.


• Mirsadeghi, Jamal. (2006). Story elements.Tehran: Sokhan.


• Vahidiyan Kamyar, Taghi. (2007). Persian Grammar (1), Tehran: Samt.


• Wafaei, Abbas Ali. (2013). Descriptive grammar, based on Persian language units, Tehran: Sokhan.


• Halliday, Michael and Hassan, Ruqayeh. (2014). Language, context and text, dimensions of language from the perspective of social semiotics, trans. Mohsen Nobakht, Tehran: Siahroud.


• Eggins,S. (2007).An Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguistics, Reprinted: New York.


• Halliday,M.A.K & Hassan, R. (1976). Cohesion in English, London: Longman.


• Halliday,M.A.K & Hassan, (1985).Language, Context & Text:Aspects of Language in a Social- Semiotic & Text, Oxford: University Press.  


• Halliday,M.A.K & Matthiessen, C.I.M.(2004). An Introduction to Functional Grammar, London: Edward Arnold Publication.


• Hassan, R.(1985). Lingustics, Language and Verbal Art, Deaken University Press.


• Thomson, G.(2004). Introducing Functional Grammar, 2nd ed, New York: Arnold.