Biochemical Responses of Calendula officinalis to Drought Stress Under Abiotic Elicitor Treatments

Subject Areas : Journal of Ornamental Plants

Asgar Yari ¹ (Department of Horticultural Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran)
Shahram Sedaghathoor ² (Department of Horticultural Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran)
Mohammad Naghi Padasht ³ (Department of HorticulturalCrops Research, Guilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO,Lahijan)
Mohammad Hossein Ansari ⁴ (Department of Horticultural Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran)

Received: 2024-05-05 Accepted : 2024-05-29 Published : 2024-09-03

Keywords: Arginine, Glutamine, Estradiol, Phenolics, Water deficit stress,

Abstract :

The effect of the foliar application of abiotic elicitors was studied on biochemical compounds of marigold under drought stress in a two-factor factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications conducted. The first factor was the foliar application of elicitors at 8 levels (Control, arginine, glutamine, estradiol, arginine + glutamine, arginine + estradiol, glutamine + estradiol, glutamine + arginine + estradiol) and the second factor was irrigation interval at three levels (1 day, 3 days, and 6 days). Biochemical metabolites, including carotenoids, flavonoids, phenolics, flower and leaf °Brix were measured. Based on the results, the elicitors significantly influenced biochemical traits including carotenoids, flavonoids, phenolics, and leaf and flower ° Brix index. The irrigation interval influenced proline content significantly (P < 0.05), but its effect was not significant on other traits. The analysis of variance for the interaction of the foliar application and irrigation interval showed that it was significant (P < 0.01) on phenolics content. The highest leaf total soluble solids (°Brix) were obtained from glutamine × 6-day irrigation interval, the highest flower °Brix from glutamine+estradiol×1-day irrigation interval. Finally, it was revealed that glutamine outperformed arginine and estradiol in improving the studied traits. In water stress conditions, some traits like total soluble solids increased. In general, glutamine is superior to arginine and estradiol in improving the studied traits.

References:

Abaspour Esfaden, M., Kallaterjari, S. and Fatehi, F. 2019. The effect of salicylic acid and L-arginine on morpho-physiological properties and leaf nutrients of Catharanthus roseus under drought stress. Journal of Horticultural Science, 33(3): 417-432. https://doi.org/10.22067/jhorts4.v33i3.73631
Aghaye Noroozlo, Y., Souri, M.K. and Delshad, M. 2019. Stimulation Effects of Foliar Applied Glycine and Glutamine Amino Acids on Lettuce Growth. Agriculture, 4: 164–172. https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2019-00166
Ahmadi Lashaki, M., Sedaghathoor, S., Kalatehjari, S. and Hashemabadi, D. 2018. The Physiological and growth response of Petunia hybrida, Tagetes erecta, and Calendula officinalis to plant and human steroids. AIMS Agriculture and Food, 3(2): 85-96. https://doi.org/10.3934/agrfood.2018.2.85
Ali, B., Hayat, S. and Ahmad, A. 2007. 28-Homobrassinolide ameliorates the saline stress in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L). Environmental and Experimental Botany, 59: 217–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2005.12.002
Amin, A.A., Gharib, F.A.E, El-Awadia, M. and Rashad, E.S.M. 2011. Physiological response of onion plants to foliar application of putrescine and glutamine. Scientia Horticulturae, 129: 353-360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2011.03.052
Bates, I.S., Waldern, R.P. and Tear, I.D. 1973. Rapid determination of free praline for water stress studies. Plant and Soil, 39: 205-207. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00018060
Erdal, S. and Dumlupinar, R. 2011. Mammalian sex hormones stimulate antioxidant system and enhance growth of chickpea plants. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 33(3): 1011-1017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-010-0634-3
Fariduddin, Q., Khanam, S., Hasan, S.A., Ali, B., Hayat, S. and Ahmad, A. 2009. Effect of 28-homobrassinolide on drought stress induced changes in photosynthesis and antioxidant system of Brassica juncea L. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 31: 889-897. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-009-0302-7
Faten, S., Abd El-Aal, F.S., Shaheen, A.M., Ahmed, A.A. and Mahmoud, A.R. 2010. Effect of foliar application of urea and amino acids mixtures as antioxidants on growth, yield and characteristics of squashJournal of Agricultural and Biological Science, 6: 583-588.
Gawronska, H. 2008. Biostimulators in modern agriculture (General aspects). Plant press Warsaw University of life sciences (WULS). pp 89.
Haghighi, M., Barzegar Sadeghabad, A. and Abolghasemi R. 2022. Effect of exogenous amino acids application on the biochemical, antioxidant, and nutritional value of some leafy cabbage cultivars. Nature (Scientific Reports), 12: 17720. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-21273-6
Harborne, J.B. and Williams, C.A. 2000. Advances in flavonoid research since 1992. Phytochemistry, 55: 481-504. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(00)00235-1
Hasanzade, S., Habibi, F., Amiri, M.E. and Naeini, M.R. 2017. Study of aril and leaf mineral compositionof pomegranate cv. Naderi with spraying fertilizer containing amino acid under drought stress conditions. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 48(1): 229-236. https://doi.org/10.22059/ijhs.2017.138293.891
Janeczko, A. and Skoczowski, A., 2005. Mammalian sex hormones in plants. Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica, 43(2): 71-79.
Juan, M., Rivero, R.M., Romero, L. and Ruiz, J.M. 2005. Evaluation of some nutritional and biochemical indicators in selecting salt-resistant tomato cultivars. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 54(3): 193-201.
Khajehhosseini, S., Fanoodi, F., Tabatabaee, S.A., Yazdani Biouki, R. and Masoud Sinaki, J. 2020. Evaluation of usage and time of glycine amino acid application on growth and vegetative organs yield and antioxidant activity of Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) under different irrigation conditions. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 13(2): 533-546. https://doi.org/10.22077/escs.2019.1909.1460
Khalid Hussein, Z. and Qader Khursheed, M., 2014. Effect of foliar application of ascorbic acid on growth, yield components and some chemical constituents of wheat under water stress conditions. Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 10: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.12816/0029871
Mahmood, T., Anwar, F., Abbas, M., Boyce, M. C. and Saari, N. 2012. Compositional variation in sugars and organic acids at different maturity stages in selected small fruits from Pakistan. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 13: 1380-1392. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms13021380
Mazumdar, B.C. and Majumder, K. 2003. Methods on physcochemical analysis of fruits. University College of Agriculture. Calcutta. 136-150.
McDonald, S., Prenzler, P.D., Autolovich, M. and Robards, K. 2001. Phenolic content and antioxidant activity of olive extracts. Food Chemistry, 73: 73-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(00)00288-0
Miri Nargesi, M., Sedaghathoor, S. and Hashemabadi, D. 2022. Effect of foliar application of amino acid, humic acid and fulvic acid on the oil content and quality of olive. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 29(5): 3473–3481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.034
Miri, S.M., Ahmadi, S. and Moradi, P. 2015. Influence of salicylic acid and citric acid on the growth, biochemical characteristics and essential oil content of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). Journal of Medicinal Plants and By-products, 2: 141-146.
Noktehsanj, M., Jahedi, A., Mahdian, R. and Azari Anpar, M. 2018. An assessment of the effect of olive leaf extract as a useful compound on the physicochemical, microbial and sensory features of pulped tomato juice. Innovation in Food Science and Technology, 10(4): 119-136.
Olennikov, D. N. and Kashchenko, N. I. 2022. Marigold Metabolites: Diversity and Separation Methods of Calendula Genus Phytochemicals from 1891 to 2022. Molecule, 27(23): 8626. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27238626
Porcel, R. and Ruiz-Lozano, J.M. 2004. Arbuscular mycorrhizal influence on leaf water potential, solute accumulation, and oxidative stress in soybean plants subjected to drought stress. Journal of Experimental Botany, 55: 1743-1750. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erh188
Pourcel, L., Routaboul, J.M., Cheynier, V., Lepiniec, L. and Debeaujon, I. 2006. Flavonoid oxidation in plants: from biochemical properties to physiological Functions. Trends in Plant Science, 12 (1): 29-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2006.11.006
Rabeie, V. and Jozghasemi, S. 2013. Applied laboratory methods in agricultural and horticultural science. Jahad-e Daneshghahi Press: Urmia, Iran.
Radkowski, A. 2018. Influence of foliar fertilization with amino acid preparations on morphological traits and seed yield of timothy. Plant, Soil and Environment, 64(5): 209-213. https://doi.org/10.17221/112/2018-PSE
Razali, N., Razab, R., Mat Junit, S. and Abdul Aziz, A. 2008. Radical scavenging and reducing properties of extracts of cashew shoots (Anacardium occidentale). Food Chemistry, 111: 38-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.03.024
Rezaie Alulu, A., Kheiry, A., Sanikhani, M. and Arghavani, M. 2020. The effect of salicylic acid, glycine betaine and gamma amino butyric acid foliar spray on Carla antioxidant activity under water deficit stress. Journal of Plant Ecophysiology, 12(40): 140-151.
Roosens, N.H., Al Bitar, F., Loenders, K., Angenon, G. and Jacobs, M. 2002. Overexpression of ornithine‐δ‐aminotransferase increases proline biosynthesis and confers osmotolerance in transgenic plants. Molecular Breeding, 9: 73-80. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026791932238
Sawahel Wagdy, A. and Hassan, A. 2002. Generation of transgenic wheat plants producing high levels of the osmoprotectant proline. Biotechnology Letters, 24: 721-725. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015294319114
Schwambach, J., Ruedell, C.M., Almeida, M.R., Penchel, R.M., Araujo, E.F. and Neto, A.G. 2008. Adventitious rooting of (Eucalyptus glubus ×maidennii) mini-cutting derived from mini-stumps grown in sand bed and intermittent flooding trays: a comparative study. New Forests, 36(3): 261-271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11056-008-9099-2
Sedaghathoor, S. and Raof Haghparvar, F. 2021. Physiological and antioxidant properties of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) as influenced by methyl jasmonate and estradiol. Journal of Ecophysiology and Phytochemistry of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 1-12.
Sedaghathoor, S. and Zakibakhsh-Mohammadi, P. 2019. Effect of time of application and amounts of mammalian sex hormone progesterone and gibberellic acid on the growth of Zinnia elegans. Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura, 25 (1): 61-73. https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.2018.08.017
Seleiman, M.F., Al-Suhaibani, N., Ali, N., Akmal, M., Alotaibi, M., Refay, Y., Dindaroglu,T., Ab-dul-Wajid, H.H. and Battaglia, M. L. 2021. Drought Stress Impacts on Plants and Different Approaches to All eviate its adverse Effects. Plants, 10(3): 259. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020259
Seyoum, A., Asres, K. and El-Fiky, F.K. 2006. Structure radical scavenging activity relationships of flavonoid. Phytochemistry, 67: 2058-2070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.07.002
Slinkard, K. and Singleton, V.L. 1977. Total phenolics analyses: automation andcomparison with manual methods. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 28: 49-55. https://doi.org/10.5344/ajev.1977.28.1.49
Starck, Z. 2005. Growing assistant: Application of growth regulators and biostimulators in modern plant cultivation. Rolnik Dzierawca 2: 74 - 76.
Sun, B., Ricardo-da-Silva, J.M. and Spranger, I. 1998. Critical factors of vanillin assay for catechins and proanthocyanidins. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 46: 4267-4274. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf980366j
Thomas, J., Mandal, A. and Raj Kumar, R. 2009. Role of biologically active amino acid formulations on quality and crop productivity of tea (Camellia sp.). International Journal of Agricultural Research, 4: 228 - 36. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijar.2009.228.236
Torab Ahmadi, S., Abedy, B. and Saberali, S.F. 2019. Effect of foliar spray with a fertilizer containing amino acids and seaweed extract on quality and yield components of Ahmad Aghaei pistachio. Pomology Research, 4(2): 95-106.
Wang, M., Tsao, R., Zhang, S., Dong, Z., Yang, R., Gong, J. and Pei, Y. 2006. Antioxidant activity, mutagenicity/anti-mutagenicity, and clastogenicity/anti clastogenicity of lutein from marigold flowers. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 44: 1522–1529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2006.04.005
Yari, A., Sedaghathoor, S., Padasht Dahkaei, M.N. and Ansari, M.H. 2024. The effect of foliar application of abiotic elicitors on the physiological traits of marigolds under water deficit conditions. Biologia, 79(1): 59-72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-023-01558-5
Zahedi, M., Hosseini, M.S. and Karimi M. 2017. The effects of drought stress and brassinosteroid solution spray on some morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of wild pear (Pyrus biossieriana Buhse). Plant Process and Function, 8(29): 181-192.
Zarafshar, M., Akbarinia, M., Askari, H., Hosseini, S.M., Rahaie, M., Struve, D. and Striker, G.G. 2014. Morphological, physiological and biochemical responses to soil water deficit in seedlings of three populations of wild pear tree (Pyrus boisseriana). Biotechnology, Agronomy and Society and Environment, 18(3): 353-366.