Effects of nitrogen stress at different growth stages and weed control on the yield and yield components of rice (cv. Tarom-Mahalli)

Subject Areas : Agroecology Journal

Mehrdad Mohammadi ¹ , hamidreza mobasser ² , morteza sam daliri ³ , salman dastan ⁴

1 - department of agronomy, chalous branch, islamic azad university, chalous, iran.
2 - department of agronomy, qaemshahr branch, islamic azad university, qaemshahr, iran.
3 - department of agronomy, agricultural and natural science university, sari, iran.
4 - department of agronomy, science and research branch, islamic azad university, tehran, iran.

Received: 2011-03-11 Accepted : 2011-05-02 Published : 2011-04-21

Keywords: weed management, Oryza sativa, nitrogen application,

Abstract :

   Effects of nitrogen stress on different growth stages, as well as, weed control on yield and yield components of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. Tarom Mahalli were investigated. The experiment was carried out as split-plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Sari region in 2009. Main factors were weed control at two levels (intact and weed control) and sub factors were allocated to nitrogen stresses including  nitrogen stress at the beginning of seedling transplanting, tillering, initial panicle stage, panicle completion and control (without nitrogen stress). Characteristics such as yield and its components were measured. Plant height and panicle length were not significantly affected by treatments. Indeed, significant interaction effects of weed control and nitrogen stress were not found for any traits evaluated. Regarding to weed free treatment, the grain yield was decreased comparing to weed control by 21.6%, because of the lower tiller number per plant and less filled spikelet per panicle competing weed. Nitrogen stresses at the beginning of transplanting and the start of tillering significantly decreased the grain yield by 37.7 and 33.7%, respectively comparing to non-stress treatment. The lowest tiller number per plant and panicle number per m2 were obtained when nitrogen stresses applied at these stages. The highest growth of weeds was obtained under nitrogen stress at the stage of transplanting, which increased weed dry weight by 44.3% copmaring to the control (no nitrogen stress).

References:

Asghari J (2002) Critical period of weed control in two cultivars of rice in drought stress condition. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science 37(4). [In Persian with English Abstract].

Akhavan M, Sam Daliri M, Mobasser HR, Dastan S, Rostaie Kh (2009) Effects of nitrogen stress and plant density on agronomic traits in rice. Journal of Research in Crop Science 2(5): 37-45. [In Persian with English Abstract].

Balasubramaniyam P, Palaniappans P (2002) Principles and practices of agronomy. Agrobioses, Todhpur Printed HS Offset New Delhi.

Belder P, Spiertz JHJ, Bouman BAM, Toung TP (2005) N economy and water productivity of lowland rice under water irrigation. Field Crop Research 93: 169-185.

Chabra D, Kashaninejad M, Rafiee S (2006) Study and comparison of waste contents in rice dryers. Proceeding of the First National Rice Symposium. Amol, Iran.

Dobermann ACD, Witt D, Dawe S, Abdulrachman S, Gines HC, Agarajan R, Satawa Thananont S, Son TT, Tan PS, Wang GH, Chien NV, Thoa VTK, Phung CV, Stalin P, Muthukrishnan P, Rani V, Babu M,  Chatuporn S, Sook Thon Gsa L, Sun Q, Fu R, Simbahun GC, Adviento MAA (2002) Site-specific nutrient management for intensive rice cropping system in Asia. Field Crop Research 74: 37- 66.

Eagle AJ, Bird JA, Hil JE, Horwath WR, Kessel CV (2001) Nitrogen dynamics and fertilizer use efficiency in rice following straw incorporation and winter flooding. Agronomy Journal 93: 1346- 1354.

Fathi GA, Siadat A (1998) Studies effects of nitrogen fertilizer on growth and grain yield in two varieties of rice in Ahvaz. 5^th Iranian Congress of Agronomy and Plant Breeding. Karaj. 542-543 pp. [In Persian with English Abstract].

Estorninos LE, Geoly DR, Gbur EE (2005) Rice and red rice interference. Rice response to population dersities of three red rice ecotypes. Weed Science 53: 683-689.

Haefel SM, Naklang K, Harnpichitvitaya D, Jearakongman S, Skulkhu E, Romyen P, Tabtim S, Suriya-Arunroj S (2006) Factors affecting rice yield and fertilizer response in lowland of northeast Thailand. Field Crop Res. 98: 39- 51.

Hall MR, Swanton CJ, Anderson GW (1992) The critical period of weed control in grain corn (Zea mays L.). Weed Science 40.441-447.

Heafele SM, Johnson DE, M-Bodji D, Wopereis MCS, Miezan KM (2004) Field screening of diverse rice genotype for weed competition in irrigated lowland ecosystems. Field Crop Research 88: 39-56.

Holm LG, Pancho JV, Herberger JP, Plucknett DL (1977) The worlds wrost weeds. University Press of Hawaii: Honolulu.

Islam F, Rezaul-Karim SM, Hague SMA, Sirajul-Islam MD (2003) Effects of population density of Echinochloa crusgalli, Echinochloa coconum on Pakistan rice. Agronomy Journal 2(3): 120-125.

Ladha J, Tirol KA, Punzalan GC, Castillo E, Sinyh U, Reddy K (1998) Non destructive estimation of nitrogen in rice varieties. Agronomy Journal 90: 33- 40.

Lindquist JL, Kropff MJ (1996) Applications of an eco-physiological model for irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.) and Echinochloa competition. Weed Science 44: 52-56.

Matsushima S (1980) Rice cultivation for the millions. Diagnosis of rice cultivation and techniques of yield increases. Japan Sci. of Society. Press, Tokyo. Pp: 100- 116.

Mitsui R (1980) Inorganic nutrition fertilization and soil amelioration for lowland rice. 4^th. Ed. Yokendo. Press. Tokyo. 107 pp.

Mobasser HR, Nourmohammadi Gh, Fallah VM, Darvish F, Majidi E (2005) Effects of nitrogen splitting and rates on grain yield of rice. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science 11(3): 109-130. [In Persian with English Abstract].

Radosevich SR (1987) Methods to study interactions among crops and weeds. Weed Technology 1: 190-198.

Rejmanek M, Robinson GR, Rejmankova E (1989) Weed crop competition: Experimental designs and methods for data analysis. Weed Science 37: 267-274.

Saha A, Sarkar RK, Yamagishi Y (1998) Effect of time of nitrogen application on spikelet differentiation and degeneration of rice. Botany Bulletin of Academic Science 39: 119- 123.

Singh BY, Ladha JK, Bronson KF, Balasubramanian V, Singh Y, Khind CS (2002) Chlorophyll-meter and leaf color chart-based nitrogen management for rice and wheat in northwestern Indian Agronomy Journal  94: 821- 829.

Van-Acker RC, Successes CG, Weise SF (1993) The critical period of weed control in soybean (Glycine max L.). Weed Science 41: 194-200.

Wang G, Dobermann A, Witt C, Sun Q, Fu F (2001) Performance of site-specific nutrient management for irrigated rice in southwest China. Agronomy Journal 93: 869- 878.

Wilson HP, and Cole RH (1966) Morning glory competition in soybean (Glycin max L.). Weed Science 14: 49-51.

Yoshida S (1981) Fundamentals of rice. International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos. Philippines 94- 110.

Zeng L, Shannon MC (2000) Effects of salinity on grain yield and yield components of rice at different seedling densities. Agronomy Journal  92: 418- 423.