Biochemical and Physiological Traits of Pinto Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Lines Affected by Drought Stress: A Comprehensive Analysis

Subject Areas : Plant Physiology

Zeinab Sadat Hashemi ¹ , Heshmat Omidi ² , Amir Bostani ³ , Hamidreza Dorri ⁴

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Received: 2024-08-02 Accepted : 2024-09-28 Published : 2024-11-03

Keywords: Antioxidant activity, Proline content, Seed yield, Total chlorophyll, Water-limited.,

Abstract :

Determining the influential physiological and biochemical traits affecting seed yield under drought stress conditions is crucial for optimizing crop performance. A study conducted during 2022 and 2023 at the Bean Research Center in Markazi, Iran, utilized a split-plot design within a randomized complete block design with three replications to assess these traits in various Phaseolus vulgaris pinto bean lines (13 lines plus the ‘Kusha’ variety as a check) under drought stress. The results demonstrated that drought stress significantly reduced chlorophyll content, relative water content, and seed yield while increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, as well as proline and flavonoid content. Under non-stress conditions, lines 7 and 10 exhibited notably high total chlorophyll content of 3.55 and 3.46 mg. g⁻¹ FW, respectively, surpassing the control cultivar by 1.40 and 1.37 times. Line 13 displayed the highest activities of catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase under drought conditions. Regarding seed yield under drought stress, lines 3, 7, and 11 performed the best, being 1.79, 1.73, and 1.74 times higher than the control cultivar, respectively. Overall, the study highlighted that total chlorophyll content, proline content, polyphenol oxidase activity, and relative water content collectively explained 95.85% of the variations in seed yield under drought stress. Antioxidant enzyme activities, proline levels, and relative water content are key traits influencing seed yield under drought stress. Lines 3, 11, 12, and 13 are promising candidates for cultivation in water-limited regions based on these traits.

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